【RHCE】实验（HTTP，DNS,SELinux，firewalld的运用）

hotslow2024-07-14 17:21

一、题目

二、主服务器配置

1.下载HTTP服务，DNS服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd bind

2.开启防火墙，放行服务

bash 复制代码 
# 开启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld
# 放行服务
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=https
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=dns
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --list-service
cockpit dhcpv6-client dns http https ssh

3.创建HTTP服务访问的文件夹

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /dadou
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /xiaodou
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /doudou

4.输入重定向至文件

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# echo dadou > /dadou/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo xiaodou > /xiaodou/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo doudou > /doudou/index.html

5.修改文件的安全上下文

bash 复制代码 
# 查看标记
[root@localhost ~]# ll -Z /xiaodou
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 8 Jul  9 13:44 index.html
# 修改文件的安全上下文
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /dadou -R
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /xiaodou/ -R
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /doudou/ -R
[root@localhost ~]# ll -Z /dadou /xiaodou /doudou
/dadou:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 6 Jul  9 13:44 index.html

/doudou:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 7 Jul  9 13:44 index.html

/xiaodou:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 8 Jul  9 13:44 index.html

6.写配置文件

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/host.conf

文件内容：

bash 复制代码 
<directory /dadou>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>
<directory /xiaodou>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>
<directory /doudou>
require all granted
</directory>
<virtualhost 192.168.166.129:80>
documentroot /dadou
servername www.dadou.com
</virtualhost>
<virtualhost 192.168.166.129:80>
documentroot /xiaodou
servername www.xiaodou.com
</virtualhost>
<virtualhost 192.168.166.129:80>
documentroot /doudou
servername www.doudou.com
</virtualhost>

重启HTTP服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

7.编写DNS区域文件

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.dadou
$TTL 1d
@       IN      SOA     @       admin.dadou.com. ( 2024070903
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1)
        NS      ns.dadou.com.
ns      A       192.168.166.129
www     A       192.168.166.129
ftp     CNAME   www
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.xiaodou
$TTL 1d
@       IN      SOA     @       admin.xiaodou.com. ( 2024070703
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1)
        NS      ns.xiaodou.com.
ns      A       192.168.166.129
www     A       192.168.166.129
ftp     CNAME   www


[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/named/named.doudou
$TTL 1d
@       IN      SOA     @       admin.douodu.com ( 2024070703
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1
                                                        1)
        NS      ns.xiaodou.com.
ns      A       192.168.166.129
www     A       192.168.166.129
ftp     CNAME   www

8.编写DNS主配置文件

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/named.conf
bash 复制代码 
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 192.168.166.129; };  # 主服务器IP地址
        directory       "/var/named";
};
zone "dadou.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.dadou";
};
zone "xiaodou.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.xiaodou";
};
zone "doudou.com" IN {
        type master;
        file "named.doudou";
};

9.测试

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.dadou.com
dadou
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.xiaodou.com
xiaodou
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.doudou.com
doudou

三、从服务器

1.下载HTTP服务，DNS服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y httpd bind

2.开启防火墙，放行服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start firewalld.service 
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=http
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=https
success
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=dns
success

3.创建HTTP服务访问文件夹

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /3031 /3032 /3033

4.输入重定向

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# echo 3031 > /3031/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo 3032 > /3032/index.html
[root@localhost ~]# echo 3033 > /3033/index.html

5.HTTP策略添加开放端口

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 3031
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 3032
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -a -t http_port_t -p tcp 3033
# 查看selinux针对http的策略开放的端口
[root@localhost ~]# semanage port -l | grep http_port_t
http_port_t                    tcp      3033, 3032, 3031, 80, 81, 443, 488, 8008, 8009, 8443, 9000
pegasus_http_port_t            tcp      5988

6.查看并修改文件标签

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# ll -Z /3031
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html
[root@localhost ~]# ll -Z /3031 /3032 /3033
/3031:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html

/3032:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html

/3033:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:default_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html
bash 复制代码 
# 修改文件的安全上下文
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /3031 -R
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /3032 -R
[root@localhost ~]# chcon -t httpd_sys_content_t /3033 -R
[root@localhost ~]# ll -Z /3031 /3032 /3033
/3031:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html

/3032:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html

/3033:
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root unconfined_u:object_r:httpd_sys_content_t:s0 5 Jul  9 15:36 index.html

7.配置HTTP服务配置文件

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf

文件内容：

bash 复制代码 
<directory /3031>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>
<directory /3032>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>
<directory /3033>
allowoverride none
require all granted
</directory>

listen 3031
listen 3032
listen 3032

<virtualhost 192.168.166.130:3031>
documentroot /3031
servername 192.168.166.130
</virtualhost>
<virtualhost 192.168.166.130:3032>
documentroot /3032
servername 192.168.166.130
</virtualhost>
<virtualhost 192.168.166.130:3033>
documentroot /3033
servername 192.168.166.130
</virtualhost>

重启HTTP服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd

查看端口开放

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -lntup | grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::3031                 :::*                    LISTEN      34474/httpd         
tcp6       0      0 :::3032                 :::*                    LISTEN      34474/httpd         
tcp6       0      0 :::3033                 :::*                    LISTEN      34474/httpd         
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      34474/httpd

8.局部测试

开启防火墙和SELinux时，访问HTTP服务

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.166.130:3031
3031
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.166.130:3032
3032
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.166.130:3033
3033

9.编写DNS主配置文件

bash 复制代码 
options {
        listen-on port 53 { 192.168.166.130; };
        directory       "/var/named";
};

zone "dadou.com" IN {
        type slave;
        masters { 192.168.166.129; };
        file "slaves/named.dadou";
};
zone "xiaodou.com" IN {
        type slave;
        masters { 192.168.166.129; };
        file "slaves/named.xiaodou";
};
zone "doudou.com" IN {
        type slave;
        masters { 192.168.166.129; };
        file "slaves/named.doudou";
};

10.测试

访问主服务器的域名

bash 复制代码 
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.dadou.com
dadou
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.xiaodou.com
xiaodou
[root@localhost ~]# curl www.doudou.com
doudou
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