0. 概要
在日常的系统管理和性能监控中，获取系统信息是一个非常常见的需求。
本文将介绍如何使用Python和Shell脚本来获取这些系统信息。
1. 使用Python获取系统信息
使用psutil库来获取系统的CPU、内存、磁盘和网络信息。
1.1 安装psutil库
首先，我们需要安装psutil库：
bash
sudo apt install python3-psutil
或者
pip3 install psutil1.2 Python脚本
以下是一个完整的Python脚本，用于获取系统信息：
python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import psutil
import platform
from datetime import datetime
def get_system_info():
# 获取系统信息
uname = platform.uname()
system_info = {
"System": uname.system,
"Node Name": uname.node,
"Release": uname.release,
"Version": uname.version,
"Machine": uname.machine,
"Processor": uname.processor,
}
# 获取CPU信息
cpu_info = {
"Physical cores": psutil.cpu_count(logical=False),
"Total cores": psutil.cpu_count(logical=True),
"Max Frequency": f"{psutil.cpu_freq().max:.2f}Mhz",
"Min Frequency": f"{psutil.cpu_freq().min:.2f}Mhz",
"Current Frequency": f"{psutil.cpu_freq().current:.2f}Mhz",
"CPU Usage Per Core": [f"{x}%" for x in psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True, interval=1)],
"Total CPU Usage": f"{psutil.cpu_percent()}%",
}
# 获取内存信息
svmem = psutil.virtual_memory()
memory_info = {
"Total": f"{svmem.total / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Available": f"{svmem.available / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Used": f"{svmem.used / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Percentage": f"{svmem.percent}%",
}
# 获取交换分区信息
swap = psutil.swap_memory()
swap_info = {
"Total": f"{swap.total / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Free": f"{swap.free / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Used": f"{swap.used / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Percentage": f"{swap.percent}%",
}
# 获取磁盘信息
partitions = psutil.disk_partitions()
disk_info = {}
for partition in partitions:
partition_usage = psutil.disk_usage(partition.mountpoint)
disk_info[partition.device] = {
"Mountpoint": partition.mountpoint,
"File system type": partition.fstype,
"Total Size": f"{partition_usage.total / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Used": f"{partition_usage.used / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Free": f"{partition_usage.free / (1024 ** 3):.2f}GB",
"Percentage": f"{partition_usage.percent}%",
}
# 获取网络信息
net_io = psutil.net_io_counters()
network_info = {
"Total Bytes Sent": f"{net_io.bytes_sent / (1024 ** 2):.2f}MB",
"Total Bytes Received": f"{net_io.bytes_recv / (1024 ** 2):.2f}MB",
}
# 获取启动时间
boot_time_timestamp = psutil.boot_time()
bt = datetime.fromtimestamp(boot_time_timestamp)
boot_time = f"{bt.year}-{bt.month}-{bt.day} {bt.hour}:{bt.minute}:{bt.second}"
return {
"System Information": system_info,
"CPU Information": cpu_info,
"Memory Information": memory_info,
"Swap Information": swap_info,
"Disk Information": disk_info,
"Network Information": network_info,
"Boot Time": boot_time,
}
def print_system_info(info):
for key, value in info.items():
print(f"{key}:")
if isinstance(value, dict):
for sub_key, sub_value in value.items():
print(f" {sub_key}: {sub_value}")
else:
print(f" {value}")
print()
if __name__ == "__main__":
system_info = get_system_info()
print_system_info(system_info)运行下输出：
2.使用Shell脚本获取系统信息
以下是一个示例Shell脚本：
bash
#!/bin/bash
# 获取系统信息
get_system_info() {
echo "System Information:"
echo "-------------------"
echo "System: $(uname -s)"
echo "Node Name: $(uname -n)"
echo "Release: $(uname -r)"
echo "Version: $(uname -v)"
echo "Machine: $(uname -m)"
echo "Processor: $(uname -p)"
echo
}
# 获取CPU信息
get_cpu_info() {
echo "CPU Information:"
echo "----------------"
echo "Physical cores: $(grep -c ^processor /proc/cpuinfo)"
echo "Total cores: $(nproc)"
echo "CPU Usage:"
mpstat -P ALL 1 1 | awk '/^Average:/ && $2 ~ /[0-9]/ {print "Core "$2": "$3"%"}'
echo
}
# 获取内存信息
get_memory_info() {
echo "Memory Information:"
echo "-------------------"
free -h | awk '/^Mem:/ {print "Total: "$2 "\nUsed: "$3 "\nFree: "$4 "\nShared: "$5 "\nBuffers: "$6 "\nCached: "$7}'
echo
}
# 获取交换分区信息
get_swap_info() {
echo "Swap Information:"
echo "-----------------"
free -h | awk '/^Swap:/ {print "Total: "$2 "\nUsed: "$3 "\nFree: "$4}'
echo
}
# 获取磁盘信息
get_disk_info() {
echo "Disk Information:"
echo "-----------------"
df -h | awk 'NR==1 {print $0} NR>1 {print $0}'
echo
}
# 获取网络信息
get_network_info() {
echo "Network Information:"
echo "--------------------"
echo "Total Bytes Sent: $(cat /proc/net/dev | awk 'NR>2 {sent+=$10} END {print sent/1024/1024 " MB"}')"
echo "Total Bytes Received: $(cat /proc/net/dev | awk 'NR>2 {recv+=$2} END {print recv/1024/1024 " MB"}')"
echo
}
# 获取启动时间
get_boot_time() {
echo "Boot Time:"
echo "----------"
echo "System Boot Time: $(who -b | awk '{print $3, $4}')"
echo
}
# 运行所有信息收集函数
get_system_info
get_cpu_info
get_memory_info
get_swap_info
get_disk_info
get_network_info
get_boot_time将上述脚本保存为system_info.sh，这个Shell脚本将获取并显示系统的基本信息、CPU信息、内存信息、交换分区信息、磁盘信息、网络信息以及系统启动时间。
运行输出：
