前端小白安装node、vue、Express、Electron及(Electron桌面端exe应用开发)

一、node.js

（一）、下载

下载地址

Node.js --- 在任何地方运行 JavaScript (nodejs.org)

参考文章：Node.js安装及环境配置超详细教程【Windows系统】_windows 安装nodejs-CSDN博客

（二）、安装

安装路径可以更换，其他都是默认下一步。

第一步增加系统变量

（1）新建变量NODE_HOME ，变量值为安装路径：E:\Program Files\nodejs

（2） PATH 变量增加 ,需要先新建node_global和node_cache在E:\Program Files\nodejs路径下面。

%NODE_HOME%

%NODE_HOME%\node_global

%NODE_HOME%\node_cache

第二步增加用户变量

E:\Program Files\nodejs\node_global

检查安装情况

node -v

npm - v

bash 复制代码

C:\Windows\system32>npm -v
10.8.1

C:\Windows\system32>node -v
v20.16.0

配置缓存目录和全局目录

缓存目录

npm config set cache "E:\Program Files\nodejs\node_cache"

全局目录**

npm config set prefix "E:\Program Files\nodejs\node_global"

(参考文档这边不对的)

设置成功可以看到，这边是我自己的路径
bash 复制代码
```
C:\Windows\system32>npm config get prefix
D:\it\node20\node_global

C:\Windows\system32>npm config get cache
D:\it\node20\node_cache
```
设置国内源配置（参考文档的镜像源已经不可用）

bash 复制代码

# 设置国内源
npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com
# 查看国内源
npm get registry

如果不行在换一个

npm config set registry http://registry.npmjs.org/

删除npm config delete registry

使用pnmp方式安装

第一步设置国内源：npm config set registry https://registry.npmmirror.com (我是这个镜像可以安装pnmp)

第二步安装pnmp: npm install pnpm -g

二、Express

express使用

存储变量需要配置好不然会报错的

D:\it\node20\node_cache\node_modules>express --version

'express' 不是内部或外部命令，也不是可运行的程序

安装方式(需要使用管理员权限)

npm install express -g

npm install express-generator -g

移除是

npm uninstall express -g

npm uninstall express-generator -g

部分资料没有这个 express-generator 是没有办法使用的，

你将无法使用 express 命令来创建新的 Express 应用，因为 express 命令实际上是 express-generator 提供的。
安装成功

D:\it\node20\node_cache\node_modules>express --version
4.16.1
express启动

ebnf 复制代码

express express_example
destination is not empty, continue? [y/N] y
cd express_example
npm install
# windows 命令行
set DEBUG=myapp:* & npm start

bash 复制代码

express-example@0.0.0 start
> node ./bin/www

GET / 200 1734.181 ms - 170
GET /stylesheets/style.css 200 3.004 ms - 111
GET /favicon.ico 404 8.515 ms - 1172

成功后浏览器打开 http://localhost:3000/ ，一个应用就启动了。还是很方便的。

参考：Express 应用程序生成器 - Express中文文档 | Express中文网 (expressjs.com.cn)

5. express 关闭

Ctrl + C

终止批处理操作吗(Y/N)? Y

三、vue.js

(一)、vue安装

npm install vue -g

npm install vue-cli -g

bash 复制代码

D:\it>vue -V
2.9.6

四、Electron记事板开发

(一)、初始化项目

创建一个新的项目目录并初始化

bash 复制代码

mkdir electron-notepad
cd electron-notepad
npm init -y

(二)、安装Electron

安装Electron作为项目的依赖,时间很长。我花了10多分钟。

复制代码

pnpm install electron --save-dev

成功输出

bash 复制代码

Packages: +75
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Progress: resolved 75, reused 0, downloaded 75, added 75, done
node_modules/.pnpm/electron@31.3.1/node_modules/electron: Running postinstall script, done in 10m 19.2s

devDependencies:
+ electron 31.3.1

(三)、创建主进程文件

在项目根目录下创建main.js

javascript 复制代码

const { app, BrowserWindow } = require('electron');

function createWindow () {
  // 创建浏览器窗口
  let win = new BrowserWindow({
    width: 800,
    height: 600,
    webPreferences: {
      nodeIntegration: true
    }
  });

  // 加载index.html文件
  win.loadFile('index.html');
}

app.on('ready', createWindow);

在项目根目录下创建index.html，这将是记事本的界面

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Electron Notepad</title>
</head>
<body>
  <textarea id="notepad" style="width: 100%; height: 90%;"></textarea>
  <br>
  <button onclick="save()">保存</button>
  <button onclick="load()">打开</button>
  <script>
    const { ipcRenderer } = require('electron');

    function save() {
      let text = document.getElementById('notepad').value;
      ipcRenderer.send('save-text', text);
    }

    function load() {
      ipcRenderer.send('load-text');
    }

    ipcRenderer.on('received-text', (event, text) => {
      document.getElementById('notepad').value = text;
    });
  </script>
</body>
</html>

在main.js中添加IPC通信，以便在Electron的主进程和渲染进程之间传递数据

javascript 复制代码

const { ipcMain } = require('electron');

ipcMain.on('save-text', (event, text) => {
  // 这里可以添加保存文件的逻辑
  console.log('Text saved:', text);
});

ipcMain.on('load-text', (event) => {
  // 这里可以添加加载文件的逻辑
  event.reply('received-text', 'This is loaded text.');
});

(四)、编译安装包

安装electron-builder

bash 复制代码

pnpm install electron-builder --save-dev

在package.json中添加构建脚本

json 复制代码

"scripts": {
  "start": "electron .",
  "dist": "electron-builder"
}

main改为main.js

json 复制代码

"main": "main.js",

运行构建命令

Windows :pnpm run dist --win

macos:pnpm run dist --mac

Linux:pnpm run dist --linux

失败了，如果github访问没有问题不会存在以下错误。(成功不需要看)

bash 复制代码

> electron-notepad@1.0.0 dist D:\it\electron-notepad
> electron-builder "--win"

  • electron-builder  version=24.13.3 os=10.0.19045
  • description is missed in the package.json  appPackageFile=D:\it\electron-notepad\package.json
  • writing effective config  file=dist\builder-effective-config.yaml
  • packaging       platform=win32 arch=x64 electron=31.3.1 appOutDir=dist\win-unpacked
  ⨯ Get "https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/download/v31.3.1/electron-v31.3.1-win32-x64.zip": EOF
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/download.(*Downloader).follow.func1
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/download/downloader.go:206
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/download.(*Downloader).follow
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/download/downloader.go:234
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/download.(*Downloader).DownloadNoRetry
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/download/downloader.go:128
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/download.(*Downloader).Download
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/download/downloader.go:112
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/electron.(*ElectronDownloader).doDownload
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/electron/electronDownloader.go:192
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/electron.(*ElectronDownloader).Download
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/electron/electronDownloader.go:177
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/electron.downloadElectron.func1.1
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/electron/electronDownloader.go:73
github.com/develar/app-builder/pkg/util.MapAsyncConcurrency.func2
        /Volumes/data/Documents/app-builder/pkg/util/async.go:68
runtime.goexit
        /usr/local/Cellar/go/1.17/libexec/src/runtime/asm_amd64.s:1581
  ⨯ D:\it\electron-notepad\node_modules\.pnpm\app-builder-bin@4.0.0\node_modules\app-builder-bin\win\x64\app-builder.exe process failed ERR_ELECTRON_BUILDER_CANNOT_EXECUTE
Exit code:
1  failedTask=build stackTrace=Error: D:\it\electron-notepad\node_modules\.pnpm\app-builder-bin@4.0.0\node_modules\app-builder-bin\win\x64\app-builder.exe process failed ERR_ELECTRON_BUILDER_CANNOT_EXECUTE
Exit code:
1
    at ChildProcess.<anonymous> (D:\it\electron-notepad\node_modules\.pnpm\builder-util@24.13.1\node_modules\builder-util\src\util.ts:252:14)
    at Object.onceWrapper (node:events:634:26)
    at ChildProcess.emit (node:events:519:28)
    at ChildProcess.cp.emit (D:\it\electron-notepad\node_modules\.pnpm\cross-spawn@7.0.3\node_modules\cross-spawn\lib\enoent.js:34:29)
    at maybeClose (node:internal/child_process:1105:16)
    at Process.ChildProcess._handle.onexit (node:internal/child_process:305:5)
 ELIFECYCLE  Command failed with exit code 1.

手动下载

迅雷下载

https://github.com/electron/electron/releases/download/v31.3.1/electron-v31.3.1-win32-x64.zip

下载后放到electron-notepad\node_modules\electron 目录下解压electron-v31.3.1-win32-x64.zip。

electron-notepad\node_modules\electron 目录下创建path.txt 文件，增加文件内容为electron.exe。

重写执行pnpm run dist --win

成功的输出

bash 复制代码

> electron-notepad@1.0.0 dist D:\it\electron-notepad
> electron-builder "--win"

  • electron-builder  version=24.13.3 os=10.0.19045
  • description is missed in the package.json  appPackageFile=D:\it\electron-notepad\package.json
  • writing effective config  file=dist\builder-effective-config.yaml
  • packaging       platform=win32 arch=x64 electron=31.3.1 appOutDir=dist\win-unpacked
  • default Electron icon is used  reason=application icon is not set
  • downloading     url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/winCodeSign-2.6.0/winCodeSign-2.6.0.7z size=5.6 MB parts=1
  • downloaded      url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/winCodeSign-2.6.0/winCodeSign-2.6.0.7z duration=1m0.46s
  • building        target=nsis file=dist\electron-notepad Setup 1.0.0.exe archs=x64 oneClick=true perMachine=false
  • downloading     url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/nsis-3.0.4.1/nsis-3.0.4.1.7z size=1.3 MB parts=1
  • downloaded      url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/nsis-3.0.4.1/nsis-3.0.4.1.7z duration=2.685s
  • downloading     url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/nsis-resources-3.4.1/nsis-resources-3.4.1.7z size=731 kB parts=1
  • downloaded      url=https://github.com/electron-userland/electron-builder-binaries/releases/download/nsis-resources-3.4.1/nsis-resources-3.4.1.7z duration=6.816s
  • building block map  blockMapFile=dist\electron-notepad Setup 1.0.0.exe.blockmap

可执行文件运行

electron-notepad\dist\electron-notepad Setup 1.0.0.exe 双击一键安装