一．回顾：
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.44:~
[root@mysql004 ~]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
[root@mysql004 ~]# cp -r mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql004 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysql004 mysql]# ls
bin include LICENSE README support-files
docs lib man share
[root@mysql004 mysql]# mkdir mysql-files
[root@mysql004 mysql]# id mysql
id: mysql: no such user
[root@mysql004 mysql]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@mysql004 mysql]# id mysql
uid=997(mysql) gid=995(mysql) 组=995(mysql)
[root@mysql004 mysql]# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
[root@mysql004 mysql]# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/
[root@mysql004 mysql]# ll
[root@mysql004 mysql]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql004 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
[root@mysql004 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@mysql004 mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
[root@mysql004 mysql]# service mysql8 start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql004.err'.
.. SUCCESS!
[root@mysql004 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -pgPq,1bAQG=Ho
mysql> set password='531242@Tt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
设置开机自启动
chkconfig --add mysql8
chkconfig --list
vim ./my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql8
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
service mysql8 restart
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
将mysql的bin也添加到$PATH中
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:PATH' /etc/profile
sed -n '$p' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
mysql
二．mysql主从复制(备份)
备份的类型：
- 热备份
- 逻辑备份
- 物理备份
环境准备
Master 192.168.2.80 主服务器
Slave 192.168.2.90 从服务器
主从复制核心思路：
时间同步是非常重要的设置
两台机器下载安装ntpdate.x86_64
yum -y install ntpdate.x86_64
ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn
- 上传mysql安装包到mstaer和slave
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.80:~
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.90:~
- 编写脚本
vim mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum list installed |grep libaio
if [ $? ne 0 ]; then
yum -y install libaio
fi
echo libaio yes
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
echo remo my.cnf yes
tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
echo tar zx yes
cp -r ~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql yes
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
echo mysql-files yes
grep mysql /etc/passwd
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
- 编写配置⽂件
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-
master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
- 重启服务
service mysql8 restart
- 设置开机启动
[root@mysql001 ~]# chkconfig --add
mysql8
[root@mysql001 ~]# chkconfig mysql8 on
[root@mysql001 ~]# chkconfig
slave从服务器软件的安装
- 不需要初始化
相对于主服务器的安装与配置，从服务器不需要初始化，他的数据都来⾃于主服务器，其他都⼀样
[root@slave ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-
x86_64.tar.xz
- 脚本
vim mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum list installed |grep libaio
if [ $? ne 0 ]; then
yum -y install libaio
fi
echo libaio yes
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
echo remo my.cnf yes
tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-
x86_64.tar.xz
cp -r ~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
/usr/local/mysql
echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql yes
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
echo mysql-files yes
grep mysql /etc/passwd
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --
user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
/etc/init.d/mysql8
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
- 配置⽂件
[root@slave ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql/
bin include LICENSE my.cnf README
support-files
docs lib man mysql-files share
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
主从复制之数据同步
-
master服务器同步到slave服务器
-
停⽤master服务器msyql服务
service mysql8 stop
- master删除/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf 每安装⼀个
mysql软件，data数据⽬录都会产⽣⼀个auto.cnf⽂件，⾥⾯
是⼀个唯⼀性编号，相当于每个⼈的身份证编号
[root@mysql001 ~]# ls
/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[root@mysql001 ~]# cat
/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
[auto]
server-uuid=f6421989-5330-11ef-974f-
000c29ce78bb
[root@mysql001 ~]# rm -rf
/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf
- master和slave都安装rsync
yum -y install rsync
- 同步master中的data到slave对应位置
rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data
root@10.1.1.110:/usr/local/mysql/
- 启动主服务器和从服务器
[root@mysql001 ~]# service mysql8 start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@slave ~]# service mysql8 start
Starting MySQL.Logging to
'/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err'.
. SUCCESS!
- 登录从服务器
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P3310 -
pZhang_Min_666
⽆法启动的⼏种情况
-
/etc/init.d/mysql8不存在，可能没有复制
-
mysql没有安装在/usr/local/mysql
-
my.cnf导致⽆法启动，格式
-
安装路径
-
数据⽬录
-
套接字
-
错误⽇志到底放在data⾥头
-
mysql账户⽆法写⼊/usr/local/mysql/
-
将错误⽇志放在data就没有权限⽂件
-
直接修改/usr/local/mysql的权限
主从复制的实现
-
master创建授权账号
-
在master中锁表，然后查看⼆进制⽂件和位置
mysql> create user 'slave'@'10.1.1.%'
identified by 'slave_123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to
'slave'@'10.1.1.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
- 在master中锁表，然后查看⼆进制⽂件和位置
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+----
--------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB |
Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+----
--------------+-------------------+
| binlog.000003 | 707 | |
| |
+---------------+----------+--------------+----
--------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 在从服务器中，使⽤change master to 指定主服务器，并实现数
据同步
[root@slave ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -
P3310 -pZhang_Min_666
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end
with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server -
GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its
affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle
Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of
their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to
clear the current input statement.
mysql> change master to
-> master_host='10.1.1.100',
-> master_user='slave',
-> master_password='slave_123',
-> master_port=3306,
-> master_log_file='binlog.000003',
-> master_log_pos=707;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.01
sec)
change master to master_host='10.1.1.100',
master_user='slave',
master_password='slave_123', master_port=3306,
master_log_file='binlog.000004',
master_log_pos=1092;
- 启动slave数据同步，查看状态
mysql> start slave；
mysql> show slave status\G
-
常⻅⽂件
-
change-master-to写错
-
解锁⽂件
mysql> unlock tables;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
8.0 需要 ssl ⾮对称加密
- 获得远程master主机的公钥
mysql -uzhangmin -pabc_123 -h 192.168.71.166 -
P3306 --get-server-public-key
quit
- 登录slave服务器本地的数据库
mysql -pZhang_Min_666 -P3310
- 停⽤slave服务，重新设置slave服务
mysql> stop slave;
mysql> reset slave;
mysql> change master to
master_host='192.168.71.166',
master_user='zhangmin',
master_password='abc_123', master_port=3306,
master_log_file='binlog.000006',master_log_pos= 866;
- 启动slave服务
mysql> start slave
mysql> show slave status\G