一．回顾：
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.44:~
root@mysql004 \~\]# tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz \[root@mysql004 \~\]# cp -r mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql \[root@mysql004 \~\]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# ls bin include LICENSE README support-files docs lib man share \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# mkdir mysql-files \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# id mysql id: mysql: no such user \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# id mysql uid=997(mysql) gid=995(mysql) 组=995(mysql) \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files/ \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# ll \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8 \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# service mysql8 start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql004.err'. .. SUCCESS! \[root@mysql004 mysql\]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -pgPq,1bAQG=Ho mysql\> set password='531242@Tt'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 设置开机自启动 chkconfig --add mysql8 chkconfig --list vim ./my.cnf \[mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql8
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
service mysql8 restart
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation
将mysql的bin也添加到$PATH中
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin/:PATH' /etc/profile
sed -n '$p' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
mysql
二．mysql主从复制(备份)
备份的类型：
- 热备份
- 逻辑备份
- 物理备份
环境准备
Master 192.168.2.80 主服务器
Slave 192.168.2.90 从服务器
主从复制核心思路：
时间同步是非常重要的设置
两台机器下载安装ntpdate.x86_64
yum -y install ntpdate.x86_64
ntpdate cn.ntp.org.cn
- 上传mysql安装包到mstaer和slave
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.80:~
scp mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz root@192.168.2.90:~
- 编写脚本
vim mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
yum list installed |grep libaio
if [ $? ne 0 ]; then
yum -y install libaio
fi
echo libaio yes
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
echo remo my.cnf yes
tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
echo tar zx yes
cp -r ~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql yes
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
echo mysql-files yes
grep mysql /etc/passwd
useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql
chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8
sed -i 'aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:PATH' /etc/profile
source /etc/profile
- 编写配置⽂件
vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3306
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-
master.err
log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/binlog
server-id=10
character_set_server=utf8mb4
- 重启服务
service mysql8 restart
- 设置开机启动
root@mysql001 \~\]# chkconfig --add mysql8 \[root@mysql001 \~\]# chkconfig mysql8 on \[root@mysql001 \~\]# chkconfig ****slave从服务器软件的安装**** 1. 不需要初始化 相对于主服务器的安装与配置，从服务器不需要初始化，他的数据都来⾃于主服务器，其他都⼀样 \[root@slave \~\]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12- x86_64.tar.xz initserver.sh mysql.sh 3. 脚本 vim mysql.sh #!/bin/bash yum list installed \|grep libaio if \[ $? ne 0 \]; then yum -y install libaio fi echo libaio yes rm -rf /etc/my.cnf echo remo my.cnf yes tar -xf mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12- x86_64.tar.xz cp -r \~/mysql-8.0.33-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql echo copy file to /usr/local/mysql yes mkdir /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files echo mysql-files yes grep mysql /etc/passwd useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin mysql chown mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/mysql-files #/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize -- user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql8 sed -i '$aexport PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' /etc/profile source /etc/profile 4. 配置⽂件 \[root@slave \~\]# ls /usr/local/mysql/ bin include LICENSE my.cnf README support-files docs lib man mysql-files share vim /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf \[mysqld
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
port=3310
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err
relay-log=/usr/local/mysql/data/relaylog
server-id=11
character_set_server=utf8mb4
主从复制之数据同步
-
master服务器同步到slave服务器
-
停⽤master服务器msyql服务
service mysql8 stop
- master删除/usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf 每安装⼀个
mysql软件，data数据⽬录都会产⽣⼀个auto.cnf⽂件，⾥⾯
是⼀个唯⼀性编号，相当于每个⼈的身份证编号
root@mysql001 \~\]# ls /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf \[root@mysql001 \~\]# cat /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf \[auto
server-uuid=f6421989-5330-11ef-974f-
000c29ce78bb
root@mysql001 \~\]# rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data/auto.cnf 3. master和slave都安装rsync yum -y install rsync 4. 同步master中的data到slave对应位置 rsync -av /usr/local/mysql/data root@10.1.1.110:/usr/local/mysql/ 5. 启动主服务器和从服务器 \[root@mysql001 \~\]# service mysql8 start Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! \[root@slave \~\]# service mysql8 start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/db01-slave.err'. . SUCCESS! 6. 登录从服务器 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -P3310 - pZhang_Min_666 ****⽆法启动的⼏种情况**** 1. /etc/init.d/mysql8不存在，可能没有复制 2. mysql没有安装在/usr/local/mysql 3. my.cnf导致⽆法启动，格式 1. 安装路径 2. 数据⽬录 3. 套接字 4. 错误⽇志到底放在data⾥头 5. mysql账户⽆法写⼊/usr/local/mysql/ 6. 将错误⽇志放在data就没有权限⽂件 7. 直接修改/usr/local/mysql的权限 ****主从复制的实现**** 1. master创建授权账号 2. 在master中锁表，然后查看⼆进制⽂件和位置 mysql\> create user 'slave'@'10.1.1.%' identified by 'slave_123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql\> grant replication slave on \*.\* to 'slave'@'10.1.1.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql\> flush privileges; 2. 在master中锁表，然后查看⼆进制⽂件和位置 mysql\> flush tables with read lock; mysql\> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+---- --------------+-------------------+ \| File \| Position \| Binlog_Do_DB \| Binlog_Ignore_DB \| Executed_Gtid_Set \| +---------------+----------+--------------+---- --------------+-------------------+ \| binlog.000003 \| 707 \| \| \| \| +---------------+----------+--------------+---- --------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 3. 在从服务器中，使⽤change master to 指定主服务器，并实现数 据同步 \[root@slave \~\]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql - P3310 -pZhang_Min_666 mysql: \[Warning\] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \\g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.33 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\\h' for help. Type '\\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql\> change master to -\> master_host='10.1.1.100', -\> master_user='slave', -\> master_password='slave_123', -\> master_port=3306, -\> master_log_file='binlog.000003', -\> master_log_pos=707; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 9 warnings (0.01 sec) change master to master_host='10.1.1.100', master_user='slave', master_password='slave_123', master_port=3306, master_log_file='binlog.000004', master_log_pos=1092; 4. 启动slave数据同步，查看状态 mysql\> start slave； mysql\> show slave status\\G 5. 常⻅⽂件 1. change-master-to写错 6. 解锁⽂件 mysql\> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ****8.0**** ****需要**** ****ssl**** ****⾮对称加密**** 1. 获得远程master主机的公钥 mysql -uzhangmin -pabc_123 -h 192.168.71.166 - P3306 --get-server-public-key quit 1. 登录slave服务器本地的数据库 mysql -pZhang_Min_666 -P3310 3. 停⽤slave服务，重新设置slave服务 mysql\> stop slave; mysql\> reset slave; mysql\> change master to master_host='192.168.71.166', master_user='zhangmin', master_password='abc_123', master_port=3306, master_log_file='binlog.000006',master_log_pos= 866; 4. 启动slave服务 mysql\> start slave mysql\> show slave status\\G