SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

对于RabbitMQ开发,Spring也提供了⼀些便利.Spring和RabbitMQ的官⽅⽂档对此均有介绍.

Spring官方:Spring AMQP

RabbitMQ官方:RabbitMQ tutorial - "Hello World!" | RabbitMQ

基于SpringBoot进行RabbitMQ的开发

引入依赖

编写yml配置

#配置RabbitMQ的基本信息

spring:

rabbitmq:

host:

port: 5672 #默认为5672

username:

password:

virtual-host:

#amqp://username:password@Ip:port/virtual-host

spring:

rabbitmq:

addresses: amqp://username:password@Ip:port/virtual-host

上述两种格式均可.(自己填入具体的信息)

编写生产者代码

为了方便测试,通过接口的方式来发送信息.

为了程序的可读性和可维护性,将需要用到的一些名称通过常量类的方式声明.

声明队列,声明交换机,声明交换机和队列的绑定关系

/**
 * 用于声明队列,交换机和绑定关系
 */
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {
    //工作队列模式
    @Bean("workQueue")
    public Queue workQueue(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.WORK_QUEUE).build();
    }

    //发布订阅模式
    @Bean("fanoutQueue1")
    public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1).build();
    }
    @Bean("fanoutQueue2")
    public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2).build();
    }
    //声明交换机
    @Bean("fanoutExchange")
    public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
    }

    //设置绑定关系
    @Bean("fanoutQueueBinding1")
    public Binding fanoutQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("fanoutQueue1") Queue queue,@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);
    }
    @Bean("fanoutQueueBinding2")
    public Binding fanoutQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("fanoutQueue2") Queue queue,@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);
    }

    //路由模式
    @Bean("directQueue1")
    public Queue directQueue1(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1).build();
    }
    @Bean("directQueue2")
    public Queue directQueue2(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2).build();
    }
    @Bean("directExchange")
    public DirectExchange directExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
    }
    //设置交换机和队列的绑定关系,带有bindingKey
    @Bean("directQueueBinding1")
    public Binding directQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("directQueue1") Queue queue,@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");
    }
    @Bean("directQueueBinding2")
    public Binding directQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue,@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("black");
    }
    @Bean("directQueueBinding3")
    public Binding directQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue,@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");
    }

    //通配符模式
    @Bean("topicQueue1")
    public Queue topicQueue1(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1).build();
    }
    @Bean("topicQueue2")
    public Queue topicQueue2(){
        return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2).build();
    }
    @Bean("topicExchange")
    public TopicExchange topicExchange(){
        return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();
    }
    //绑定交换机和队列
    @Bean("topicQueueBinding1")
    public Binding topicQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("topicQueue1") Queue queue,@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.orange.*");
    }
    @Bean("topicQueueBinding2")
    public Binding topicQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue,@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.*.rabbit");
    }
    @Bean("topicQueueBinding3")
    public Binding topicQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue,@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange){
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("lazy.#");
    }
}

创建接口,发送消息

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/pro")
public class ProducerController {
    @Autowired
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    //工作队列
    @RequestMapping("/work")
    public String work(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            //使用内置交换机, RoutingKey 和队列名称一致
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("", Constants.WORK_QUEUE, "hello spring amqp: work..."+i);
        }
        return "发送成功";
    }
    //发布订阅
    @RequestMapping("/fanout")
    public String fanout(){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE,"", "hello spring amqp:fanout...");
        return "发送成功";
    }
    //路由模式
    @RequestMapping("/direct/{routingKey}")
    public String direct(@PathVariable("routingKey") String routingKey){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, routingKey, "hello spring amqp:direct, my routing key is "+routingKey);
        return "发送成功";
    }
    //通配符模式
    @RequestMapping("/topic/{routingKey}")
    public String topic(@PathVariable("routingKey") String routingKey){
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, routingKey, "hello spring amqp:topic, my routing key is "+routingKey);
        return "发送成功";
    }
}

编写消费者代码

关键注解

@RabbitListener

是Spring框架中⽤于监听RabbitMQ队列的注解,通过使⽤这个注解，可以定义⼀个⽅法,以便从RabbitMQ队列中接收消息.该注解⽀持多种参数类型，这些参数类型代表了从RabbitMQ接收到的消息和相关信息.

常见的参数类型:

1. String ：返回消息的内容

2. Message ( org.springframework.amqp.core.Message ):SpringAMQP的 Message 类，返回原始的消息体以及消息的属性,如消息ID,内容,队列信息等.

3. Channel ( com.rabbitmq.client.Channel )：RabbitMQ的通道对象,可以⽤于进⾏更⾼级的操作，如⼿动确认消息.

工作队列模式消费者

@Component
public class WorkListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)
    public void queueListener1(Message message, Channel channel){
        System.out.println("listener 1 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message + ",channel:"+channel);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.WORK_QUEUE)
    public void queueListener2(String message){
        System.out.println("listener 2 ["+Constants.WORK_QUEUE+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }
}

结果

不同的参数类型,获取到的结果是不同的.

发布订阅模式消费者

@Component
public class FanoutListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1)
    public void queueListener1(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2)
    public void queueListener2(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }
}

路由模式消费者

@Component
public class DirectListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1)
    public void queueListener1(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2)
    public void queueListener2(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }
}

通配符模式消费者

@Component
public class TopicListener {

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1)
    public void queueListener1(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2)
    public void queueListener2(String message){
        System.out.println("队列["+Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2+"] 接收到消息:" +message);
    }
}