Prometheus Alertmanager告警之邮件、钉钉群、企业微信群机器人报警

文章目录


Prometheus报警功能利用Alertmanager组件完成,Prometheus会对接收的指标数据比对告警规则,如果满足条件,则将告警时间发送给Alertmanager组件,Alertmanager组件发送到接收人

使用步骤:

  1. 部署Alertmanager
  2. 配置告警接收人
  3. 配置Prometheus与Alertmanager通信
  4. 在Prometheus中创建告警规则

一、部署alertmanager相关组件

1.alertmanager-config

#alertmanager-config.yaml主配置文件,主要配置altermanager的告警配置

bash 复制代码
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-config
  namespace: ops
data:
  alertmanager.yml: |
    global:
      #恢复告警等待时间,如果5m没收到来自prometheus的告警 则发送恢复告警通知
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      #邮箱服务器
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.exmail.qq.com:465'
      #发送告警的邮箱地址
      smtp_from: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
      #发送者的邮箱登陆用户名
      smtp_auth_username: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
      #发送者的邮箱授权吗(若是企业微信邮箱的话为发送者的登陆邮箱密码)
      smtp_auth_password: '123456'
      #关闭tls,默认是开启tls的,若不关闭则会报错,错误为本篇总结出所示
      smtp_require_tls: false
    #alertmanager告警消息的模版
    templates:
    - '/etc/alertmanager/msg-tmpl/*.tmpl'
  
    #主路由
    route: 
      #指定告警接收者
      receiver: 'mail-receiver'
      #分组(通过alertname标签的值分组)
      group_by: [cluster, alertname]
      #第一次产生告警,等待30s,足内有告警的话就一起发出,没有则单独发
      group_wait: 30s
      #第二次产生告警,先等待5m,如果5m后还没有恢复就进入repeat_interval。(定义相同的Group之间发送告警通知的时间间隔)
      group_interval: 5m
      #在最终发送消息前再等待30m,30m后还没恢复就发送第二次告警
      repeat_interval: 30m
      ##所以每次告警之间的间隔时间为35m(group_interval+repeat_interval)

    #配置告警接受者
    receivers:
    - name: 'mail-receiver'
      #使用邮件接收
      email_configs:
      - to: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
        send_resolved: true
        html: '{{ template "emailMessage" . }}'

2.alertmanager-message-tmpl

#alertmanager-message-tmpl.yaml 告警模版(邮件)

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-message-tmpl
  namespace: ops
data:
  email.tmpl: |
    {{ define "emailMessage" }}
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
    {{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
    {{- if eq $index 0 }}
    ------ 告警问题 ------<br>
    告警状态:{{ .Status }}<br>
    告警级别:{{ .Labels.severity }}<br>
    告警名称:{{ .Labels.alertname }}<br>
    故障实例:{{ .Labels.instance }}<br>
    告警概要:{{ .Annotations.summary }}<br>
    告警详情:{{ .Annotations.description }}<br>
    故障时间:{{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}<br>
    ------ END ------<br>
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}

    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
    {{- range $index, $alert := .Alerts -}}
    {{- if eq $index 0 }}
    ------ 告警恢复 ------<br>
    告警状态:{{ .Status }}<br>
    告警级别:{{ .Labels.severity }}<br>
    告警名称:{{ .Labels.alertname }}<br>
    恢复实例:{{ .Labels.instance }}<br>
    告警概要:{{ .Annotations.summary }}<br>
    告警详情:{{ .Annotations.description }}<br>
    故障时间:{{ (.StartsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}<br>
    恢复时间:{{ (.EndsAt.Add 28800e9).Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}<br>
    ------ END ------<br>
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}
    {{- end }}

3.alertmanager

#alertmanager.yaml 部署altermanager

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: ops
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: alertmanager
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: alertmanager
    spec:
      containers:
        #用于热加载配置文件
        - name: prometheus-alertmanager-configmap-reload
          image: "jimmidyson/configmap-reload:v0.1"
          imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
          args:
            - --volume-dir=/etc/config
            - --webhook-url=http://localhost:9093/-/reload
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config
              mountPath: /etc/config
              readOnly: true
          resources:
            limits:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 10Mi
            requests:
              cpu: 10m
              memory: 10Mi

        - name: alertmanager
          image: "prom/alertmanager:latest"
          ports:
            - containerPort: 9093
          readinessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /#/status
              port: 9093
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              path: /#/status
              port: 9093
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          resources:
            requests:
              cpu: 100m
              memory: 256Mi
            limits:
              cpu: 500m
              memory: 512Mi
          volumeMounts:
            - name: config
              mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
            - name: message-tmpl 
              mountPath: /etc/alertmanager/msg-tmpl
            - name: data
              mountPath: /data
            - name: timezone
              mountPath: /etc/localtime
      volumes:
        - name: config
          configMap:
            name: alertmanager-config
        - name: message-tmpl
          configMap:
            name: alertmanager-message-tmpl
        - name: data
          persistentVolumeClaim:
            claimName: alertmanager-data
        - name: timezone
          hostPath:
            path: /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-data
  namespace: ops
spec:
  storageClassName: "managed-nfs-storage"
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: "2Gi"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: ops
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9093
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9093
      nodePort: 30093
  selector:
    app: alertmanager

部署完成后访问 IP:30093即可访问altermanager的web展示界面

二、调试邮件告警

此时可以尝试重启一个pod进行调试
将资源配额调至超出可申请资源 让其为pending状态 如下:

test-alertmanager.yaml

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-deployment
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "24Gi"
            cpu: "12000m"
          limits:
            memory: "24Gi"
            cpu: "12000m"

启动此Pod观察

邮件告警如下:

三、钉钉群/企业微信群 报警

(webhook自定义机器人类型即可)

目前prometheus没有集成钉钉群和企业微信群接口,需要自己写webhook(数据转换)或者用别人写的

例如:https://github.com/bougou/alertmanager-webhook-adapter

3.1添加钉钉群机器人

创建完成后会有一个webhook地址,稍后会使用到此webhook的token

3.2添加企业微信群机器人




创建完成后会有一个webhook地址,稍后会使用到此webhook的key

3.3部署alertmanager-webhook-adapter

message-tmpl

#message-tmpl.yaml告警模版我把钉钉的和企业微信的放一起了

模版来源于:https://github.com/bougou/alertmanager-webhook-adapter/tree/main/pkg/models/templates

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: message-tmpl
  namespace: ops
data:
####################################################################################################################
  dingding.tmpl: |
    {{ define "__subject" -}}
    【{{ .Signature }}】
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "ok" }} OK{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "info" }} INFO{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "warning" }} WARNING{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "error" }} ERROR{{ end }}
    {{- ` • ` }}
    {{- if .CommonLabels.alertname_cn }}{{ .CommonLabels.alertname_cn }}{{ else if .CommonLabels.alertname_custom }}{{ .CommonLabels.alertname_custom }}{{ else if .CommonAnnotations.alertname  }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.alertname }}{{ else }}{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}{{ end }}
    {{- ` • ` }}
    {{- if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len) 0 }}告警中:{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}{{ end }}
    {{- if and (gt (.Alerts.Firing|len) 0) (gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0) }}/{{ end }}
    {{- if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}已恢复:{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}{{ end }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ define "__externalURL" -}}
    {{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}
    {{- end }}

    {{ define "__alertinstance" -}}
    {{- if ne .Labels.alertinstance nil -}}{{ .Labels.alertinstance }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.instance nil -}}{{ .Labels.instance }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.node nil -}}{{ .Labels.node }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.nodename nil -}}{{ .Labels.nodename }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.host nil -}}{{ .Labels.host }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.hostname nil -}}{{ .Labels.hostname }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.ip nil -}}{{ .Labels.ip }}
    {{- end -}}
    {{- end }}

    {{ define "__alert_list" }}
    {{ range . }}
    ---
    > **告警名称**: {{ if .Labels.alertname_cn  }}{{ .Labels.alertname_cn }}{{ else if .Labels.alertname_custom  }}{{ .Labels.alertname_custom }}{{ else if .Annotations.alertname  }}{{ .Annotations.alertname }}{{ else }}{{ .Labels.alertname }}{{ end }}
    >
    > **告警级别**: {{ ` ` }}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "ok" }}OK{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "info" }}INFO{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "warning" }}WARNING{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "error" }}ERROR{{ end }}
    >
    > **告警实例**: `{{ template "__alertinstance" . }}`
    >
    {{- if .Labels.region }}
    > **地域**: {{ .Labels.region }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.zone }}
    > **可用区**: {{ .Labels.zone }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.product }}
    > **产品**: {{ .Labels.product }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.component  }}
    > **组件**: {{ .Labels.component }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    > **告警状态**: {{ if eq .Status "firing" }}🚨{{ else }}✅{{ end }} {{ .Status | toUpper }}
    >
    > **开始时间**: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}
    >
    > **结束时间**: {{ if .EndsAt.After .StartsAt }}{{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}{{ else }}Not End{{ end }}
    >
    {{- if eq .Status "firing" }}
    > 告警描述: {{ if .Annotations.description_cn }}{{ .Annotations.description_cn }}{{ else }}{{ .Annotations.description }}{{ end }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ define "__alert_summary" }}
    {{ range . }}- {{ template "__alertinstance" . }}
    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}

    {{ define "prom.title" }}
    {{ template "__subject" . }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ define "prom.markdown" }}
    {{ .MessageAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}
    #### **摘要**

    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len ) 0 }}
    ##### **🚨 触发中告警 [{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}]**
    {{ template "__alert_summary" .Alerts.Firing }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}
    ##### **✅ 已恢复告警 [{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}]**
    {{ template "__alert_summary" .Alerts.Resolved }}
    {{ end }}

    #### **详请**

    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len ) 0 }}
    ##### **🚨 触发中告警 [{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}]**
    {{ template "__alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}
    ##### **✅ 已恢复告警 [{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}]**
    {{ template "__alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}

    {{ define "prom.text" }}
    {{ template "prom.markdown" . }}
    {{ end }}

####################################################################################################################
  wechat.tmpl: | 
    {{ define "__subject" -}}
    【{{ .Signature }}】

    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "ok" }} OK{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "info" }} INFO{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "warning" }} WARNING{{ end }}
    {{- if eq (index .Alerts 0).Labels.severity "error" }} ERROR{{ end }}

    {{- ` • ` }}

    {{- if .CommonLabels.alertname_cn }}{{ .CommonLabels.alertname_cn }}{{ else if .CommonLabels.alertname_custom }}{{ .CommonLabels.alertname_custom }}{{ else if .CommonAnnotations.alertname  }}{{ .CommonAnnotations.alertname }}{{ else }}{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}{{ end }}

    {{- ` • ` }}

    {{- if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len) 0 }}告警中:{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}{{ end }}
    {{- if and (gt (.Alerts.Firing|len) 0) (gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0) }}/{{ end }}
    {{- if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}已恢复:{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}{{ end }}

    {{ end }}


    {{ define "__externalURL" -}}
    {{ .ExternalURL }}/#/alerts?receiver={{ .Receiver }}
    {{- end }}

    {{ define "__alertinstance" -}}
    {{- if ne .Labels.alertinstance nil -}}{{ .Labels.alertinstance }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.instance nil -}}{{ .Labels.instance }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.node nil -}}{{ .Labels.node }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.nodename nil -}}{{ .Labels.nodename }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.host nil -}}{{ .Labels.host }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.hostname nil -}}{{ .Labels.hostname }}
    {{- else if ne .Labels.ip nil -}}{{ .Labels.ip }}
    {{- end -}}
    {{- end }}

    {{ define "__alert_list" }}
    {{ range . }}
    > <font color="comment"> 告警名称 </font>: {{ if .Labels.alertname_cn  }}{{ .Labels.alertname_cn }}{{ else if .Labels.alertname_custom  }}{{ .Labels.alertname_custom }}{{ else if .Annotations.alertname  }}{{ .Annotations.alertname }}{{ else }}{{ .Labels.alertname }}{{ end }}
    >
    > <font color="comment"> 告警级别 </font>:{{ ` ` }}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "ok" }}OK{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "info" }}INFO{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "warning" }}WARNING{{ end -}}
    {{- if eq .Labels.severity "error" }}ERROR{{ end }}
    >
    > <font color="comment"> 实例 </font>: `{{ template "__alertinstance" . }}`
    >
    {{- if .Labels.region }}
    > <font color="comment"> 地域 </font>: {{ .Labels.region }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.zone }}
    > <font color="comment"> 可用区 </font>: {{ .Labels.zone }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.product }}
    > <font color="comment"> 产品 </font>: {{ .Labels.product }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    {{- if .Labels.component  }}
    > <font color="comment"> 组件 </font>: {{ .Labels.component }}
    >
    {{- end }}
    > <font color="comment"> 告警状态 </font>: {{ if eq .Status "firing" }}🚨{{ else }}✅{{ end }} <font color="{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}warning{{ else }}info{{ end }}">{{ .Status | toUpper }}</font>
    >
    > <font color="comment"> 开始时间 </font>: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}
    >
    > <font color="comment"> 结束时间 </font>: {{ if .EndsAt.After .StartsAt }}{{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}{{ else }}Not End{{ end }}
    {{- if eq .Status "firing" }}
    >
    > <font color="comment"> 告警描述 </font>: {{ if .Annotations.description_cn }}{{ .Annotations.description_cn }}{{ else }}{{ .Annotations.description }}{{ end }}
    {{- end }}

    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ define "__alert_summary" -}}
    {{ range . }}
    <font color="{{ if eq .Status "firing" }}warning{{ else }}info{{ end }}">{{ template "__alertinstance" . }}</font>
    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}

    {{ define "prom.title" -}}
    {{ template "__subject" . }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ define "prom.markdown" }}
    {{ .MessageAt.Format "2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00" }}
    #### 摘要

    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len ) 0 }}
    ##### <font color="warning">🚨 触发中告警 [{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}]</font>
    {{ template "__alert_summary" .Alerts.Firing }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}
    #####  <font color="info">✅ 已恢复告警 [{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}]</font>
    {{ template "__alert_summary" .Alerts.Resolved }}
    {{ end }}

    #### 详请

    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Firing|len ) 0 }}
    ##### <font color="warning">🚨 触发中告警 [{{ .Alerts.Firing|len }}]</font>
    {{ template "__alert_list" .Alerts.Firing }}
    {{ end }}


    {{ if gt (.Alerts.Resolved|len) 0 }}
    #####  <font color="info">✅ 已恢复告警 [{{ .Alerts.Resolved|len }}]</font>
    {{ template "__alert_list" .Alerts.Resolved }}
    {{ end }}
    {{ end }}

    {{ define "prom.text" }}
    {{ template "prom.markdown" . }}
    {{ end }}

alertmanager-webhook-adapter

#alertmanager-webhook-adapter.yaml webhook连接器服务

来源于:https://github.com/bougou/alertmanager-webhook-adapter/tree/main/deploy/k8s

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-webhook-adapter
  namespace: ops
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: alertmanager-webhook-adapter
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: alertmanager-webhook-adapter
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: webhook
        image: bougou/alertmanager-webhook-adapter:v1.1.7
        command:
        - /alertmanager-webhook-adapter
        #监听端口
        - --listen-address=:8090
        #告警第一行告警数据来源(随便写)
        - --signature=MyIDC
        #告警模版所在目录
        - --tmpl-dir=/msg-tmpl
        #使用哪个告警模版(这里取决于你想用什么应用报警)
        #钉钉群机器人的话就写 --tmpl-name=dingding
        #企业微信群机器人的话就写 --tmpl-name=wechat
        - --tmpl-name=dingding
        #- --tmpl-lang=zh
        env:
        - name: TZ
          value: Asia/Shanghai
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: 50Mi
            cpu: 100m
          limits:
            memory: 250Mi
            cpu: 500m
        volumeMounts:
            - name: message-tmpl
              mountPath: /msg-tmpl
      volumes:
        - name: message-tmpl
          configMap:
            name: message-tmpl
      restartPolicy: Always

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-webhook-adapter
  namespace: ops
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 8090
    protocol: TCP
  selector:
    app: alertmanager-webhook-adapter
  sessionAffinity: None

alertmanager-config

#alertmanager-config.yaml主配置文件,这里主要是修改发送告警的方式

yaml 复制代码
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-config
  namespace: ops
data:
  alertmanager.yml: |
    global: 
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.exmail.qq.com:465'
      smtp_from: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
      smtp_auth_username: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
      smtp_auth_password: '12345'
      smtp_require_tls: false

    templates:
    - '/etc/alertmanager/msg-tmpl/*.tmpl'

    route:
      #receiver: 'email-receiver'
      receiver: 'dingding-receiver'
      #receiver: 'wechat-receiver'
      group_by: [cluster, alertname]
      group_wait: 30s
      group_interval: 5m
      repeat_interval: 30m
      
    receivers:
      #邮件告警
    - name: 'email-receiver'
      email_configs:
      - to: 'fanxxxxuai@cxxxxne.com'
        send_resolved: true
        html: '{{ template "emailMessage" . }}'

      #钉钉群告警
    - name: 'dingding-receiver'
      webhook_configs:
      #如下url只需将地址串里的token 
      #替换为创建钉钉群机器人时webhook的token即可
      #531c0f251944b69c6e731a3bea9a609d9557ebdbcf17b1bc0df8f7b9cf506734
      - url: http://alertmanager-webhook-adapter:80/webhook/send?channel_type=dingtalk&token=531c0f251944b69c6e731a3bea9a609d9557ebdbcf17b1bc0df8f7b9cf506734
        #是否发送告警恢复通知
        send_resolved: true

      #企业微信群告警
    - name: 'wechat-receiver'
      webhook_configs:
      #如下url只需将地址串里的token 
      #替换为创建企业微信群机器人时webhook的token即可
      #1cb01f46-f536-4c98-aeac-1455e1472e5d
      - url: http://alertmanager-webhook-adapter:80/webhook/send?channel_type=weixin&token=1cb01f46-f536-4c98-aeac-1455e1472e5d
        #是否发送告警恢复通知
        send_resolved: true 

ps:将prometheus的告警规则 label处添加个'alertinstance' 若是没有则没有效果里的标题、描述等

规则如下:

3.4钉钉群报警信息效果

3.5企业微信群报警信息效果


总结

在使用alertmanager报警时, 若开启tlssmtp_require_tls: true 的话在发送告警时会报如下错误,需要设置成false即可发送成功;

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