ShardingSphere-JDBC实现数据加解密

一、什么是ShardingSphere？

ShardingSphere定位为轻量级 Java 框架，在 Java 的 JDBC 层提供的额外服务。它使用客户端直连数据库，以 jar 包形式提供服务，无需额外部署和依赖，可理解为增强版的 JDBC 驱动，完全兼容 JDBC 和各种 ORM 框架。

Apache ShardingSphere 旨在构建异构数据库上层的标准和生态。它关注如何充分合理地利用数据库的计算和存储能力，而并非实现一个全新的数据库。ShardingSphere 站在数据库的上层视角，关注他们之间的协作多于数据库自身。

连接、增量 和 可插拔 是 Apache ShardingSphere 的核心概念。

连接：通过对数据库协议、SQL 方言以及数据库存储的灵活适配，快速的连接应用与多模式的异构数据库；
增量：获取数据库的访问流量，并提供流量重定向（数据分片、读写分离、影子库）、流量变形（数据加密、数据脱敏）、流量鉴权（安全、审计、权限）、流量治理（熔断、限流）以及流量分析（服务质量分析、可观察性）等透明化增量功能；
可插拔：项目采用微内核 + 三层可插拔模型，使内核、功能组件以及生态对接完全能够灵活的方式进行插拔式扩展，开发者能够像使用积木一样定制属于自己的独特系统。

二、ShardingSphere实现加解密

2.1、创建用户表

脚本如下

sql 复制代码

CREATE TABLE `user`  (
                         `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '用户ID',
                         `email` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '邮件',
                         `nick_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '昵称',
                         `pass_word` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '二次密码',
                         `reg_time` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '注册时间',
                         `user_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '用户名',
                         `salary` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '基本工资',
                         PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci;

2.2、springboot 项目添加依赖包

Spring Boot 项目，并添加相关的依赖包：

java 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-boot-example-shardingsphere</artifactId>
    
    <dependencies>
        <!--spring boot核心-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring boot 测试-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--springmvc web-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mysql 数据源-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--mybatis 支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--shardingsphere数据分片、脱敏工具-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
            <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
            <artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-namespace</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <skip>true</skip>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun-repos</id>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>aliyun-plugin</id>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>


</project>

2.3、添加properties配置

在application.properties文件中，添加shardingsphere相关配置，即可实现针对某张表的某个字段进行脱敏

java 复制代码

spring.application.name=spring-boot-example-shardingsphere
server.port=8080

#shardingsphere数据源集成
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.name=ds
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds.type=com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds.jdbc-url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&allowMultiQueries=true
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds.username=root
spring.shardingsphere.datasource.ds.password=123456

#加密方式、密钥配置
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.encryptor_aes.type=aes
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.encryptors.encryptor_aes.props.aes.key.value=hkiqAXU6Ur5fixGHaO4Lb2V2ggausYwW
#plainColumn表示明文列，cipherColumn表示脱敏列
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.plainColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.cipherColumn=salary
#spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.assistedQueryColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.encryptor=encryptor_aes

spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.plainColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.cipherColumn=pass_word
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.encryptor=encryptor_aes
        
#sql打印
spring.shardingsphere.props.sql.show=true
spring.shardingsphere.props.query.with.cipher.column=true

#基于xml方法的配置
mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*.xml

其中有几个的配置信息比较重要，spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables是指要脱敏的表，user是表名，salary表示user表中的真实列，其中plainColumn指的是明文列，cipherColumn指的是脱敏列，如果是新工程，只需要配置脱敏列即可！

配置示例如下！这里配置user表的salary和pass_word字段未脱敏列

java 复制代码

#plainColumn表示明文列，cipherColumn表示脱敏列
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.plainColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.cipherColumn=salary
#spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.assistedQueryColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.salary.encryptor=encryptor_aes

spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.plainColumn=
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.cipherColumn=pass_word
spring.shardingsphere.encrypt.tables.user.columns.pass_word.encryptor=encryptor_aes

2.4、编写数据持久层

然后，编写一个数据持久层，用于数据的存储和查询操作。

java 复制代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.lh.shardingsphere.mapper.UserMapperXml" >

    <resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.lh.shardingsphere.entity.UserEntity" >
        <id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT" />
        <result column="email" property="email" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="nick_name" property="nickName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="pass_word" property="passWord" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="reg_time" property="regTime" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="user_name" property="userName" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        <result column="salary" property="salary" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
    </resultMap>

    <select id="findAll" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
        SELECT * FROM user
    </select>

    <insert id="insert" parameterType="com.lh.shardingsphere.entity.UserEntity">
        INSERT INTO user(id,email,nick_name,pass_word,reg_time,user_name, salary)
        VALUES(#{id},#{email},#{nickName},#{passWord},#{regTime},#{userName}, #{salary})
    </insert>
</mapper>

java 复制代码

package com.lh.shardingsphere.mapper;

import com.lh.shardingsphere.entity.UserEntity;

import java.util.List;
/**
 * @author LH
 */
public interface UserMapperXml {
    
    /**
     * 查询所有的信息
     * @return
     */
    List<UserEntity> findAll();

    /**
     * 新增数据
     * @param user
     */
    void insert(UserEntity user);
}

java 复制代码

package com.lh.shardingsphere.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;

/**
 * @author LH
 */
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
@Builder
public class UserEntity {

    private Long id;
    private String email;
    private String nickName;
    private String passWord;
    private String regTime;
    private String userName;
    private String salary;

}

2.5、编写测试接口

java 复制代码

package com.lh.shardingsphere.controller;

import com.lh.shardingsphere.entity.UserEntity;
import com.lh.shardingsphere.mapper.UserMapperXml;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author LH
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Resource
    private UserMapperXml userMapperXml;

    @PostMapping("/in")
    public void insert() throws Exception {
        UserEntity entity = new UserEntity();
        entity.setEmail("1751569991@qq.com");
        entity.setNickName("rose");
        entity.setPassWord("wahaha");
        entity.setRegTime("2021-10-10 00:00:00");
        entity.setUserName("彩英");
        entity.setSalary("9500");
        userMapperXml.insert(entity);
    }

    @GetMapping("/get")
    public List<UserEntity> query() throws Exception {
        List<UserEntity> dataList = userMapperXml.findAll();
        return dataList;
    }
    
}

2.6、ApiPost接口验证

先调插入接口，再调查询接口

数据库留存数据如下，password和salary列实现的脱敏

查询结果如下，查询返回的数据，password和salary脱敏列可以正常返回真是数据

以上就是使用 ShardingSphere-JDBC实现数据库字段的加解密过程的代码示例，仅供参考。

接下来大家思考几个问题：

1、若数据库中留存了已加密和未加密两种数据，如何兼容，保证正确查询数据；

有没有好的解决方案，欢迎评论！