目录
一、HttpMessageConverter
HttpMessageConverter ,报文信息转换器,将请求报文转换为Java对象,或将Java对象转换为响应报文
HttpMessageConverter提供了两个注解和两个类型: @RequestBody , @ResponseBody ,RequestEntity ,ResponseEntity
1、@RequestBody
@RequestBody 可以获取请求体,需要在控制器方法设置一个形参,使用 @RequestBody 进行标识,当前请求的请求体就会为当前注解所标识的形参赋值
xml
<form th:action="@{/testRequestBody}" method="post">
用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br>
密码:<input type="password" name="password">
<br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
java
@RequestMapping("/testRequestBody")
public String testRequestBody(@RequestBody String requestBody){
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestBody);
return "success";
}
输出结果:requestBody:username=admin&password=123456
2、RequestEntity
RequestEntity 封装请求报文的一种类型,需要在控制器方法的形参中设置该类型的形参,当前请求的请求报文就会赋值给该形参,可以通过getHeaders() 获取请求头信息,通过 getBody() 获取请求体信息
java
@RequestMapping("/testRequestEntity")
public String testRequestEntity(RequestEntity<String> requestEntity){
System.out.println("requestHeader:"+requestEntity.getHeaders());
System.out.println("requestBody:"+requestEntity.getBody());
return "success";
}
输出结果: requestHeader:[host:"localhost:8080", connection:"keep-alive", content-length:"27",
cache-control:"max-age=0", sec-ch-ua:"" Not A;Brand";v="99", "Chromium";v="90", "Google
Chrome";v="90"", sec-ch-ua-mobile:"?0", upgrade-insecure-requests:"1", origin:" http://localhost:8
080 ", user-agent:"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like
Gecko) Chrome/90.0.4430.93 Safari/537.36"] requestBody:username=admin&password=123
3、@ResponseBody
@ResponseBody 用于标识一个控制器方法,可以将该方法的返回值直接作为响应报文的响应体响应到浏览器
java
@RequestMapping("/testResponseBody")
@ResponseBody
public String testResponseBody(){
return "success";
}
结果:浏览器页面显示success
4、SpringMVC处理json
@ResponseBody处理json的步骤:
-
导入jackson的依赖
xml<!--导入jackson的依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.12.1</version> </dependency>
-
在 SpringMVC 的核心配置文件中开启 mvc 的注解驱动,此时在 HandlerAdaptor 中会自动装配一个消息转换器:MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter ,可以将响应到浏览器的 Java 对象转换为 Json 格式的字符串
xml<!--开启注解驱动--> <mvc:annotation-driven />
-
在处理器方法上使用 @ResponseBody 注解进行标识
-
将 Java 对象直接作为控制器方法的返回值返回,就会自动转换为 Json 格式的字符串
java@RequestMapping("/testResponseUser") @ResponseBody public User testResponseUser(){ return new User(1001,"admin","123456",23,"男"); }
浏览器的页面中展示的结果:
{"id":1001,"username":"admin","password":"123456","age":23,"sex":"男"}
5、SpringMVC处理ajax
-
请求超链接:
xml<div id="app"> <a th:href="@{/testAjax}" @click="testAjax">testAjax</a> <br> </div>
-
通过vue和axios处理点击事件:
xml<script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/vue.js}"></script> <script type="text/javascript" th:src="@{/static/js/axios.min.js}"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var vue = new Vue({ el:"#app", methods:{ testAjax:function (event) { axios({ method:"post", url:event.target.href, params:{ username:"admin", password:"123456" } }).then(function (response) { alert(response.data); }); event.preventDefault(); } } }); </script>
-
控制器方法:
java@RequestMapping("/testAjax") @ResponseBody public String testAjax(String username, String password){ System.out.println("username:"+username+",password:"+password); return "hello,ajax"; }
6、@RestController注解
@RestController 注解是 springMVC 提供的一个复合注解,标识在控制器的类上,就相当于为类添加了@Controller注解,并且为其中的每个方法添加了 @ResponseBody 注解
7、ResponseEntity
ResponseEntity用于控制器方法的返回值类型 ,该控制器方法的返回值就是响应到浏览器的响应报文
7.1、文件下载
使用ResponseEntity实现下载文件的功能
xml
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>测试文件上传和下载</title>
</head>
<body>
<a th:href="@{/testDown}">下载1.jpeg</a>
<br>
<form th:action="@{/testUp}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
头像:<input type="file" name="photo"/>
<br>
<input type="submit" value="上传"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
java
@RequestMapping(value = "/testDown",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<byte[]> testResponseEntity(HttpSession session) throws IOException {
//获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext();
//获取服务器中文件的真实路径
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("/static/img/1.jpeg");
//创建输入流
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(realPath);
//创建字节数组
byte[] bytes = new byte[is.available()];
//将流读到字节数组中
is.read(bytes);
//创建HttpHeaders对象设置响应头信息
MultiValueMap<String,String> headers = new HttpHeaders();
headers.add("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=1.jpeg");
//设置响应状态码
HttpStatus statusCode = HttpStatus.OK;
//创建ResponseEntity对象
ResponseEntity<byte[]> responseEntity = new ResponseEntity<>(bytes,headers,statusCode);
//关闭输入流
is.close();
return responseEntity;
}
7.2、文件上传
文件上传要求 form 表单的请求方式必须为 post ,并且添加属性 enctype="multipart/form-data"SpringMVC 中将上传的文件封装到 MultipartFile 对象中,通过此对象可以获取文件相关信息
上传步骤:
-
添加依赖:
xml<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -- > <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency>
-
在SpringMVC的配置文件中添加配置:
xml<!--必须通过文件解析器的解析才能将文件转换为MultipartFile对象--> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> </bean>
-
控制器方法:
java@RequestMapping(value = "/testUp",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String testUp(MultipartFile photo,HttpSession session) throws IOException { //获取上传的文件的文件名 String fileName = photo.getOriginalFilename(); //处理文件重名问题 String hzName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString() + hzName; //获取服务器中photo目录的路径 ServletContext servletContext = session.getServletContext(); String photoPath = servletContext.getRealPath("photo"); File file = new File(photoPath); if(!file.exists()){ file.mkdir(); } String finalPath = photoPath + File.separator + fileName; //实现上传功能 photo.transferTo(new File(finalPath)); return "success"; }
二、拦截器
1、拦截器的配置
SpringMVC 中的拦截器用于拦截控制器方法的执行
SpringMVC 中的拦截器需要实现 HandlerInterceptor
SpringMVC 的拦截器必须在 SpringMVC 的配置文件中进行配置:
xml
<mvc:interceptors>
<bean class="com.zhao.interceptor.FirstInterceptor"></bean>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
<!-- 以上两种配置方式都是对DispatcherServlet所处理的所有的请求进行拦截 -->
<mvc:interceptor>
<mvc:mapping path="/**"/>
<mvc:exclude-mapping path="/testRequestEntity"/>
<ref bean="firstInterceptor"></ref>
</mvc:interceptor>
<!--
以上配置方式可以通过ref或bean标签设置拦截器,
通过mvc:mapping设置需要拦截的请求,
通过 mvc:exclude-mapping设置需要排除的请求,
即不需要拦截的请求
-->
</mvc:interceptor>
2、拦截器的三个抽象方法
SpringMVC 中的拦截器有三个抽象方法:
- preHandle :控制器方法执行之前执行 preHandle() ,其 boolean 类型的返回值表示是否拦截或放行,返回true 为放行,即调用控制器方法;返回 false 表示拦截,即不调用控制器方法
- postHandle :控制器方法执行之后执行 postHandle()
- afterComplation :处理完视图和模型数据,渲染视图完毕之后执行afterComplation()
3、多个拦截器的执行顺序
- 若每个拦截器的 preHandle() 都返回 true
此时多个拦截器的执行顺序和拦截器在 SpringMVC 的配置文件的配置顺序有关:preHandle() 会按照配置的顺序执行,而 postHandle() 和 afterComplation() 会按照配置的反序执行 - 若某个拦截器的 preHandle() 返回了 false
preHandle() 返回 false 和它之前的拦截器的 preHandle() 都会执行, postHandle() 都不执行,返回 false的拦截器之前的拦截器的afterComplation() 会执行
三、异常处理器
1、基于配置的异常处理
SpringMVC 提供了一个处理控制器方法执行过程中所出现的异常的接口: HandlerExceptionResolver
HandlerExceptionResolver 接口的实现类有:DefaultHandlerExceptionResolver 和
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC 提供了自定义的异常处理器 SimpleMappingExceptionResolver ,使用方式:
xml
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<props>
<!--
properties的键表示处理器方法执行过程中出现的异常
properties的值表示若出现指定异常时,设置一个新的视图名称,跳转到指定页面
-->
<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
</props>
</property>
<!--
exceptionAttribute属性设置一个属性名,将出现的异常信息在请求域中进行共享
以value的值为键,以异常为值
-->
<property name="exceptionAttribute" value="ex"></property>
</bean>
2、基于注解的异常处理
java
//@ControllerAdvice将当前类标识为异常处理的组件
@ControllerAdvice
public class ExceptionController {
//@ExceptionHandler用于设置所标识方法处理的异常
@ExceptionHandler(ArithmeticException.class)
//ex表示当前请求处理中出现的异常对象
public String handleArithmeticException(Exception ex, Model model){
model.addAttribute("ex", ex);
return "error";
}
}
四、注解配置SpringMVC
使用配置类和注解代替web.xml和SpringMVC配置文件的功能
1、创建初始化类,代替web.xml
在 Servlet3.0 环境中,容器会在类路径中查找实现 javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer 接口的类,如果找到的话就用它来配置Servlet 容器。
Spring 提供了这个接口的实现,名为
SpringServletContainerInitializer ,这个类反过来又会查找实现 WebApplicationInitializer 的类并将配置的任务交给它们来完成。Spring3.2 引入了一个便利的 WebApplicationInitializer 基础实现,名为AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer,当我们的类扩展了
AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer 并将其部署到 Servlet3.0 容器的时候,容器会自动发现它,并用它来配置Servlet 上下文
java
//web工程的初始化类,用来代替web.xml
public class WebInit extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
/**
* 指定spring的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{SpringConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定springMVC的配置类
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
}
/**
* 指定DispatcherServlet的映射规则,即url-pattern
* @return
*/
@Override
protected String[] getServletMappings() {
return new String[]{"/"};
}
/**
* 注册过滤器
* @return
*/
@Override
protected Filter[] getServletFilters() {
CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter();
characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8");
characterEncodingFilter.setForceResponseEncoding(true);
HiddenHttpMethodFilter hiddenHttpMethodFilter = new HiddenHttpMethodFilter();
return new Filter[]{characterEncodingFilter, hiddenHttpMethodFilter};
}
}
2、创建SpringConfig配置类,代替spring的配置文件
java
@Configuration
public class SpringConfig {
//ssm整合之后,spring的配置信息写在此类中
}
3、创建WebConfig配置类,代替SpringMVC的配置文件
java
/**
* 代替SpringMVC的配置文件:
* 1、扫描组件 2、视图解析器 3、view-controller 4、default-servlet-handler
* 5、mvc注解驱动 6、文件上传解析器 7、异常处理 8、拦截器
*/
//将当前类标识为一个配置类
@Configuration
//1、扫描组件
@ComponentScan("com.atguigu.mvc.controller")
//5、mvc注解驱动
@EnableWebMvc
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
//4、default-servlet-handler
@Override
public void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer) {
configurer.enable();
}
//8、拦截器
@Override
public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
TestInterceptor testInterceptor = new TestInterceptor();
registry.addInterceptor(testInterceptor).addPathPatterns("/**");
}
//3、view-controller
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/hello").setViewName("hello");
}
//6、文件上传解析器
@Bean
public MultipartResolver multipartResolver(){
CommonsMultipartResolver commonsMultipartResolver = new CommonsMultipartResolver();
return commonsMultipartResolver;
}
//7、异常处理
@Override
public void configureHandlerExceptionResolvers(List<HandlerExceptionResolver> resolvers) {
SimpleMappingExceptionResolver exceptionResolver = new SimpleMappingExceptionResolver();
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("java.lang.ArithmeticException", "error");
exceptionResolver.setExceptionMappings(prop);
exceptionResolver.setExceptionAttribute("exception");
resolvers.add(exceptionResolver);
}
//配置生成模板解析器
@Bean
public ITemplateResolver templateResolver() {
WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
// ServletContextTemplateResolver需要一个ServletContext作为构造参数,可通过WebApplicationContext 的方法获得
ServletContextTemplateResolver templateResolver = new ServletContextTemplateResolver(
webApplicationContext.getServletContext());
templateResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/templates/");
templateResolver.setSuffix(".html");
templateResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
templateResolver.setTemplateMode(TemplateMode.HTML);
return templateResolver;
}
//生成模板引擎并为模板引擎注入模板解析器
@Bean
public SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine(ITemplateResolver templateResolver) {
SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine = new SpringTemplateEngine();
templateEngine.setTemplateResolver(templateResolver);
return templateEngine;
}
//生成视图解析器并未解析器注入模板引擎
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver(SpringTemplateEngine templateEngine) {
ThymeleafViewResolver viewResolver = new ThymeleafViewResolver();
viewResolver.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
viewResolver.setTemplateEngine(templateEngine);
return viewResolver;
}
}
4、测试功能
java
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index(){
return "index";
}
五、SpringMVC执行流程
1、SpringMVC常用组件
- DispatcherServlet:前端控制器 ,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
- 作用:统一处理请求和响应,整个流程控制的中心,由它调用其它组件处理用户的请求
- HandlerMapping : 处理器映射器 ,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
- 作用:根据请求的 url 、 method 等信息查找 Handler ,即控制器方法
- Handler : 处理器 ,需要工程师开发
- 作用:在 DispatcherServlet 的控制下 Handler 对具体的用户请求进行处理
- HandlerAdapter : 处理器适配器 ,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
- 作用:通过 HandlerAdapter 对处理器(控制器方法)进行执行
- ViewResolver : 视图解析器 ,不需要工程师开发,由框架提供
- 作用:进行视图解析,得到相应的视图,例如:ThymeleafView、InternalResourceView、RedirectView
- View : 视图
- 作用:将模型数据通过页面展示给用户
2、DispatcherServlet初始化过程
DispatcherServlet 本质上是一个 Servlet ,所以天然的遵循 Servlet 的生命周期。所以宏观上是 Servlet生命周期来进行调度
- 初始化WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
java
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {
WebApplicationContext rootContext = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(this.getServletContext());
WebApplicationContext wac = null;
if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
wac = this.webApplicationContext;
if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)wac;
if (!cwac.isActive()) {
// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as // setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
cwac.setParent(rootContext);
}
this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
}
}
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
wac = this.findWebApplicationContext();
}
if (wac == null) {
// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
// 创建WebApplicationContext
wac = this.createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
}
if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
synchronized(this.onRefreshMonitor) {
// 刷新WebApplicationContext
this.onRefresh(wac);
}
}
if (this.publishContext) {
// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
// 将IOC容器在应用域共享
String attrName = this.getServletContextAttributeName();
this.getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
}
return wac;
}
- 创建WebApplicationContext
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet
java
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
Class<?> contextClass = this.getContextClass();
if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException("Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + this.getServletName() + "': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() + "] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
} else {
// 通过反射创建 IOC 容器对象
ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
wac.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
// 设置父容器
wac.setParent(parent);
String configLocation = this.getContextConfigLocation();
if (configLocation != null) {
wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
}
this.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);
return wac;
}
}
- DispatcherServlet初始化策略
FrameworkServlet 创建 WebApplicationContext 后,刷新容器,调用 onRefresh(wac) ,此方法在
DispatcherServlet 中进行了重写,调用了 initStrategies(context) 方法,初始化策略,即初始化
DispatcherServlet 的各个组件
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
java
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
initMultipartResolver(context);
initLocaleResolver(context);
initThemeResolver(context);
initHandlerMappings(context);
initHandlerAdapters(context);
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
initViewResolvers(context);
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
3、DispatcherServlet调用组件处理请求
-
processRequest()
FrameworkServlet 重写 HttpServlet 中的 service() 和 doXxx() ,这些方法中调用了
javaprocessRequest(request, response) 所在类: org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet protected final void processRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Throwable failureCause = null; LocaleContext previousLocaleContext = LocaleContextHolder.getLocaleContext(); LocaleContext localeContext = this.buildLocaleContext(request); RequestAttributes previousAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = this.buildRequestAttributes(request, response, previousAttributes); WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); asyncManager.registerCallableInterceptor(FrameworkServlet.class.getName(), new FrameworkServlet.RequestBindingInterceptor()); this.initContextHolders(request, localeContext, requestAttributes); try { // 执行服务,doService()是一个抽象方法,在DispatcherServlet中进行了重写 this.doService(request, response); } catch (IOException | ServletException var16) { failureCause = var16; throw var16; } catch (Throwable var17) { failureCause = var17; throw new NestedServletException("Request processing failed", var17); } finally { this.resetContextHolders(request, previousLocaleContext, previousAttributes); if (requestAttributes != null) { requestAttributes.requestCompleted(); } this.logResult(request, response, (Throwable)failureCause, asyncManager); this.publishRequestHandledEvent(request, response, startTime, (Throwable)failureCause); } }
-
doService()
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
javaprotected void doService(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { this.logRequest(request); // Keep a snapshot of the request attributes in case of an include, // to be able to restore the original attributes after the include. Map<String, Object> attributesSnapshot = null; if (WebUtils.isIncludeRequest(request)) { attributesSnapshot = new HashMap(); Enumeration attrNames = request.getAttributeNames(); label120: while(true) { String attrName; do { if (!attrNames.hasMoreElements()) { break label120; } attrName = (String)attrNames.nextElement(); } while(!this.cleanupAfterInclude && !attrName.startsWith("org.springframework.web.servlet")); attributesSnapshot.put(attrName, request.getAttribute(attrName)); } } // Make framework objects available to handlers and view objects. request.setAttribute(WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.getWebApplicationContext()); request.setAttribute(LOCALE_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.localeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_RESOLVER_ATTRIBUTE, this.themeResolver); request.setAttribute(THEME_SOURCE_ATTRIBUTE, this.getThemeSource()); if (this.flashMapManager != null) { FlashMap inputFlashMap = this.flashMapManager.retrieveAndUpdate(request, response); if (inputFlashMap != null) { request.setAttribute(INPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, Collections.unmodifiableMap(inputFlashMap)); } request.setAttribute(OUTPUT_FLASH_MAP_ATTRIBUTE, new FlashMap()); request.setAttribute(FLASH_MAP_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE, this.flashMapManager); } RequestPath requestPath = null; if (this.parseRequestPath && !ServletRequestPathUtils.hasParsedRequestPath(request)) { requestPath = ServletRequestPathUtils.parseAndCache(request); } try { // 处理请求和响应 this.doDispatch(request, response); } finally { // Restore the original attribute snapshot, in case of an include. if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted() && attributesSnapshot != null) { this.restoreAttributesAfterInclude(request, attributesSnapshot); } if (requestPath != null) { ServletRequestPathUtils.clearParsedRequestPath(request); } } }
-
doDispatch()
所在类:org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
javaprotected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request; HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null; boolean multipartRequestParsed = false; WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request); try { try { ModelAndView mv = null; Object dispatchException = null; try { processedRequest = this.checkMultipart(request); multipartRequestParsed = processedRequest != request; // Determine handler for the current request. /* mappedHandler:调用链 包含handler、interceptorList、interceptorIndex handler:浏览器发送的请求所匹配的控制器方法 interceptorList:处理控制器方法的所有拦截器集合 interceptorIndex:拦截器索引,控制拦截器afterCompletion()的执行 */ mappedHandler = this.getHandler(processedRequest); if (mappedHandler == null) { this.noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response); return; } // Determine handler adapter for the current request. // 通过控制器方法创建相应的处理器适配器,调用所对应的控制器方法 HandlerAdapter ha = this.getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler()); // Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler. String method = request.getMethod(); boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method); if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) { long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if ((new ServletWebRequest(request, response)).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) { return; } } // 调用拦截器的preHandle() if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) { return; } // Actually invoke the handler. // 由处理器适配器调用具体的控制器方法,最终获得ModelAndView对象 mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { return; } this.applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv); // 调用拦截器的postHandle() mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv); } catch (Exception var20) { dispatchException = var20; } catch (Throwable var21) { // As of 4.3, we're processing Errors thrown from handler methods as well, // making them available for @ExceptionHandler methods and other scenarios. dispatchException = new NestedServletException("Handler dispatch failed", var21); } // 后续处理:处理模型数据和渲染视图 this.processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, (Exception)dispatchException); } catch (Exception var22) { this.triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, var22); } catch (Throwable var23) { this.triggerAfterCompletion(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, new NestedServletException("Handler processing failed", var23)); } } finally { if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { // Instead of postHandle and afterCompletion if (mappedHandler != null) { mappedHandler.applyAfterConcurrentHandlingStarted(processedRequest, response); } // Clean up any resources used by a multipart request. } else if (multipartRequestParsed) { this.cleanupMultipart(processedRequest); } } }
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processDispatchResult()
javaprivate void processDispatchResult(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, @Nullable HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler, @Nullable ModelAndView mv, @Nullable Exception exception) throws Exception { boolean errorView = false; if (exception != null) { if (exception instanceof ModelAndViewDefiningException) { this.logger.debug("ModelAndViewDefiningException encountered", exception); mv = ((ModelAndViewDefiningException)exception).getModelAndView(); } else { Object handler = mappedHandler != null ? mappedHandler.getHandler() : null; mv = this.processHandlerException(request, response, handler, exception); errorView = mv != null; } } // Did the handler return a view to render? if (mv != null && !mv.wasCleared()) { // 处理模型数据和渲染视图 this.render(mv, request, response); if (errorView) { WebUtils.clearErrorRequestAttributes(request); } } else if (this.logger.isTraceEnabled()) { this.logger.trace("No view rendering, null ModelAndView returned."); } // Concurrent handling started during a forward if (!WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request).isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) { if (mappedHandler != null) { // Exception (if any) is already handled.. // 调用拦截器的afterCompletion() mappedHandler.triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, (Exception)null); } } }
4、SpringMVC的执行流程
- 用户向服务器发送请求,请求被 SpringMVC 前端控制器 DispatcherServlet 捕获。
- DispatcherServlet 对请求 URL 进行解析,得到请求资源标识符( URI ),判断请求 URI 对应的映射:
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不存在
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再判断是否配置了 mvc:default-servlet-handler
- 如果没配置,则控制台报映射查找不到,客户端展示 404 错误
- 如果有配置,则访问目标资源(一般为静态资源,如: JS,CSS,HTML ),找不到客户端也会展示 404错误
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存在则执行下面的流程
- 根据该 URI ,调用 HandlerMapping 获得该 Handler 配置的所有相关的对象(包括 Handler 对象以及Handler对象对应的拦截器),最后以 HandlerExecutionChain 执行链对象的形式返回
- DispatcherServlet 根据获得的 Handler ,选择一个合适的 HandlerAdapter
- 如果成功获得 HandlerAdapter ,此时将开始执行拦截器的 preHandler(...) 方法【正向】
- 提取 Request 中的模型数据,填充 Handler 入参,开始执行 Handler ( Controller) 方法,处理请求。在填充 Handler 的入参过程中,根据你的配置, Spring 将帮你做一些额外的工作:
- HttpMessageConveter : 将请求消息(如 Json 、 xml 等数据)转换成一个对象,将对象转换为指定的响应信息
- 数据转换:对请求消息进行数据转换。如 String 转换成 Integer 、 Double 等
- 数据格式化:对请求消息进行数据格式化。 如将字符串转换成格式化数字或格式化日期等
- 数据验证: 验证数据的有效性(长度、格式等),验证结果存储到 BindingResult 或 Error 中
- Handler 执行完成后,向 DispatcherServlet 返回一个 ModelAndView 对象
- 此时将开始执行拦截器的 postHandle(...) 方法【逆向】
- 根据返回的 ModelAndView (此时会判断是否存在异常:如果存在异常,则执行
HandlerExceptionResolver 进行异常处理)选择一个适合的 ViewResolver 进行视图解析,根据 Model和View ,来渲染视图 - 渲染视图完毕执行拦截器的 afterCompletion(...) 方法【逆向】
- 将渲染结果返回给客户端