如何理解运行 lspci 命令得到的输出信息？

输出信息

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers (rev 04)
00:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E MM/Vt-d Configuration Registers (rev 04)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS (rev 04)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOAPIC (rev 04)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Thermal Subsystem
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #17 (rev f0)
00:1b.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #19 (rev f0)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f0)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f0)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation X299 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller
02:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
03:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
16:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
16:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
16:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
16:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:10.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
64:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
64:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
64:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
64:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
64:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0a.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0a.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DECS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DECS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 2 (rev 04)
65:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090] (rev a1)
65:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
b2:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
b2:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
b2:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
b2:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.0 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:15.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:16.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:16.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:17.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b3:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090] (rev a1)
b3:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)

理解

第1部分

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DMI3 Registers (rev 04)

• 00:00.0：这是设备在PCI总线上的地址，表示这是第一个设备，位于第一个总线上。

• Host bridge：主桥接器，负责连接CPU和其他组件（如内存和PCI设备）的部件。它管理数据在处理器和系统其他部分之间的流动。

• Intel Corporation：制造这个组件的公司，英特尔。

• Sky Lake-E：这是英特尔的一种处理器架构，通常用于高性能计算，比如工作站和服务器。

• DMI3：直接媒体接口3（Direct Media Interface 3），是一种用于连接CPU和芯片组的高速通信接口。

• Registers (rev 04)：这表示与此组件相关的寄存器（数据存储区域）的版本信息，"rev 04"表示这是第四版。

第2部分

00:04.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)
00:04.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CBDMA Registers (rev 04)

这段信息显示的是一组与 Intel Sky Lake-E 处理器相关的设备，具体是 CBDMA（Cache-Bound Direct Memory Access）寄存器。表明你的系统中，有多个与 Intel Sky Lake-E 处理器相关的 CBDMA 寄存器，通常这些寄存器会用于高效的数据管理和传输。

解析

• 00:04.0 - 00:04.7：这些是设备在 PCI 总线上的地址。每个设备都有一个唯一的地址，后面的数字代表不同的设备实例。

• System peripheral：这表示这些设备是系统外设，通常是指不直接参与计算的设备，而是支持处理器和系统的功能。

• Intel Corporation：制造这些设备的公司，英特尔。

• Sky Lake-E：特指英特尔的 Skylake 架构，常用于高性能计算和服务器。

• CBDMA Registers (rev 04)：表示这些是与 CBDMA 相关的寄存器，"rev 04" 表示这是第四个版本。CBDMA 是一种技术，允许数据在计算机内存和缓存之间以更高效的方式传输。

CBDMA 的作用

CBDMA（Cache-Bound Direct Memory Access）主要用于优化数据传输，特别是在处理大量数据时，能够提高传输效率，减少 CPU 的负担，从而提升整体系统性能。

第3部分

00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E MM/Vt-d Configuration Registers (rev 04)
00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS (rev 04)
00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOAPIC (rev 04)
00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)
00:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)

解析

• 00:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E MM/Vt-d Configuration Registers (rev 04)：

  • 00:05.0：这是设备在 PCI 总线上的地址。
  • System peripheral：表示这是一个系统外设，支持处理器的功能。
  • MM/Vt-d Configuration Registers：涉及内存管理（MM，Memory Management）和虚拟化技术（VT-d，Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O）的配置寄存器。这些寄存器用于管理虚拟化环境中的内存和设备访问。

• 00:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS (rev 04)：

  • RAS：表示可靠性、可用性和可维护性（Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability）相关的寄存器。这些寄存器用于监控和管理系统的可靠性和错误检测。

• 00:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOAPIC (rev 04)：

  • PIC：可编程中断控制器（Programmable Interrupt Controller），用于管理中断请求。IOAPIC（输入/输出高级可编程中断控制器）是一个更高级的中断控制器，用于处理来自多个设备的中断信号。

• 00:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)：

  • Ubox Registers：指的是与处理器的微架构相关的寄存器，用于控制处理器内部的某些功能。

• 00:08.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)：

  • Performance counters：这些寄存器用于监控和计数处理器性能相关的数据，比如指令执行数量、缓存命中率等，这对于性能调优和分析非常重要。

• 00:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Ubox Registers (rev 04)：

  • 这也是与 Ubox 相关的寄存器，可能用于其他控制和状态监测功能。

总结

这段信息描述了多个与 Intel Sky Lake-E 处理器相关的系统外设和寄存器。这些寄存器涉及虚拟化支持、系统可靠性管理、中断处理和性能监控等功能，是高性能计算或服务器系统中非常重要的组成部分。

第4部分

00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Thermal Subsystem
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1
00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]
00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #17 (rev f0)
00:1b.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #19 (rev f0)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f0)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f0)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev f0)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation X299 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller

这段信息列出了与 Intel 200 系列/Z370 芯片组相关的多个设备，包括 USB 控制器、信号处理控制器、通信控制器、SATA 控制器等。

解析

1. 00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller

   • USB 控制器：负责 USB 设备的连接和管理，支持 USB 3.0 标准，提供更快的数据传输速率。
   • xHCI：扩展主机控制器接口 (eXtensible Host Controller Interface)，是 USB 3.0 的标准。

2. 00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH Thermal Subsystem

   • 信号处理控制器：处理与系统温度相关的信号，监控和管理热量，以防止过热。

3. 00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH CSME HECI #1

   • 通信控制器：与 Intel CSME（Converged Security and Management Engine）相关，HECI（Host Embedded Controller Interface）用于与处理器的安全和管理功能进行通信。

4. 00:17.0 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH SATA controller [AHCI mode]

   • SATA 控制器：用于管理连接至计算机的 SATA 存储设备，支持 AHCI（高级主机控制器接口）模式，提供更高效的存储设备管理和性能。

5. 00:1b.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #17 (rev f0)

   • PCI 桥接器：用于连接 PCI Express（PCIe）设备和主板之间的通信，提供扩展插槽用于显卡、网络卡等。

6. 00:1b.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #19 (rev f0)

   • 另一个 PCIe 桥接器，功能与上一个类似，用于扩展 PCIe 设备的连接。

7. 00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f0)

   • 第三个 PCIe 桥接器，继续提供扩展连接。

8. 00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f0)

   • 另一个 PCIe 桥接器。

9. 00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH PCI Express Root Port #4 (rev f0)

   • 另一个 PCIe 桥接器。

10. 00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation X299 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller

    • ISA 桥接器：用于连接老旧的 ISA 设备与现代系统，支持 LPC（低引脚计数）和 eSPI（增强型串行外设接口）功能。

11. 00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family Power Management Controller

    • 内存控制器：负责内存的管理和电源控制，确保系统在不同负载下的电源使用效率。

12. 00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation 200 Series PCH HD Audio

    • 音频设备：集成的高清音频控制器，支持高质量音频输出。

13. 00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation 200 Series/Z370 Chipset Family SMBus Controller

    • SMBus 控制器：支持系统管理总线 (SMBus)，用于监控电源和温度等系统管理功能。

总结

这段信息描述了 Intel 200 系列/Z370 芯片组的多个关键组件和控制器，它们共同负责系统的基本功能，包括 USB 连接、存储管理、音频输出和电源管理等。这些设备是现代计算机系统中不可或缺的部分，确保硬件的协调工作和系统的高效运行。

第5部分

02:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
03:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller
04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)
05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)

这段信息列出了计算机中多个 USB 控制器和以太网控制器的硬件信息。

解析

1. 02:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller

   • USB 控制器：这是由 ASMedia Technology 公司制造的 USB 3.1 主控制器，型号为 ASM2142 或 ASM3142。
   • USB 3.1：支持 USB 3.1 标准，提供比 USB 3.0 更高的数据传输速率（可达 10 Gbps），向下兼容 USB 3.0 和 USB 2.0。

2. 03:00.0 USB controller: ASMedia Technology Inc. ASM2142/ASM3142 USB 3.1 Host Controller

   • 这是另一台与前一条相同型号的 ASMedia USB 3.1 主控制器。通常在计算机中会有多个 USB 控制器，以支持更多 USB 端口。

3. 04:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)

   • 以太网控制器：这是 Intel 公司的 I210 型号千兆以太网控制器（Gigabit Network Connection）。
   • 千兆网络：支持高达 1 Gbps 的网络速度，适合快速数据传输和网络连接。
   • rev 03：表示该设备的版本号，通常指的是硬件修订版。

4. 05:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation I210 Gigabit Network Connection (rev 03)

   • 这是第二个与前一条相同型号的 Intel I210 千兆以太网控制器。多个以太网控制器允许计算机支持多个网络连接，或者提供冗余连接以提高可靠性。

总结

这段信息描述了计算机中安装的 ASMedia USB 控制器和 Intel 以太网控制器。ASMedia 控制器提供了快速的 USB 3.1 连接，适合各种外部设备，如存储设备和周边设备。而 Intel I210 以太网控制器则提供了稳定的网络连接，适合需要高速网络的应用，如在线游戏、视频会议和大文件传输等。

第6部分

16:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
16:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
16:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
16:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:08.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:09.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0e.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:0f.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:10.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:10.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E CHA Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)
16:1e.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCU Registers (rev 04)

这段信息列出了计算机中的多个系统外设，具体是 Intel Sky Lake-E 架构相关的硬件组件。每一行都表示一个外设，主要包括 VT-d、RAS 配置寄存器、IOxAPIC 配置寄存器、CHA 寄存器和 PCU 寄存器等。以下是对每个部分的详细解释：

解析

1. 系统外设 (System Peripheral)：

   • 所有列出的项目都是 Intel 公司的外设，属于 Sky Lake-E 架构。这是 Intel 的一种高性能处理器架构，常用于服务器和高性能计算。

2. VT-d (Intel Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O)：

   • 16:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)：
     • 这个外设是用于支持虚拟化的技术，允许虚拟机直接访问硬件设备，提高虚拟化性能。

3. RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability)：

   • 16:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)：
     • 这个外设与系统的可靠性、可用性和可维护性相关，通常用于监控和管理系统故障。

4. IOxAPIC (I/O Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller)：

   • 16:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)：
     • 这是一个中断控制器，负责管理系统中各个外设的中断请求，确保系统能有效响应外部事件。

5. CHA (Cache Hierarchy Architecture) Registers：

   • 从 16:08.0 到 16:10.1 的多个条目：
     • 这些寄存器与缓存层次结构相关，负责管理 CPU 的缓存机制，以提高数据访问速度和整体性能。多个 CHA 寄存器通常是因为处理器的多核设计，每个核心可能都有其独立的缓存设置。

6. PCU (Power Control Unit) Registers：

   • 16:1e.0 到 16:1e.6 的条目：
     • 这些寄存器与处理器的电源管理相关，负责监控和调节 CPU 的功耗，确保在不同负载下的能效和性能。

总结

这段信息展示了 Intel Sky Lake-E 处理器架构中各种系统外设的详细信息。这些外设主要与系统的虚拟化、可靠性、缓存管理和电源控制相关。它们共同工作，以确保系统的高效运行和稳定性。在服务器和高性能计算环境中，这些组件的性能和功能尤为重要。

第7部分

64:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
64:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
64:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
64:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
64:08.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:09.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0a.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0a.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0a.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0b.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DECS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0b.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0c.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E Integrated Memory Controller (rev 04)
64:0c.5 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0c.6 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0c.7 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 1 (rev 04)
64:0d.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E DECS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.1 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LM Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMS Channel 2 (rev 04)
64:0d.3 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E LMDP Channel 2 (rev 04)
65:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090] (rev a1)
65:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)
b2:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E PCI Express Root Port A (rev 04)
b2:05.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E VT-d (rev 04)
b2:05.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E RAS Configuration Registers (rev 04)
b2:05.4 PIC: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E IOxAPIC Configuration Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.0 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.1 Performance counters: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:12.2 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M3KTI Registers (rev 04)
b2:15.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:16.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:16.4 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b2:17.0 System peripheral: Intel Corporation Sky Lake-E M2PCI Registers (rev 04)
b3:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090] (rev a1)
b3:00.1 Audio device: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 High Definition Audio Controller (rev a1)

解析

这是关于计算机硬件设备的PCI（Peripheral Component Interconnect）设备列表。这些信息包含有关不同硬件组件的详细信息。

1. PCI设备地址：

   • 每行开头的64:00.0、65:00.0等是设备的地址，通常由两个部分组成。第一部分（例如64或65）是总线号，第二部分（例如00或05）是设备号和功能号。

2. 设备类型和制造商：

   • 每行中出现的"VGA compatible controller"、"Audio device"、"PCI bridge"等是设备的类型。
   • 例如，VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GA102 [GeForce RTX 3090]表示该设备是一块兼容VGA的显卡，制造商是NVIDIA，型号是GeForce RTX 3090。

3. 设备功能：

   • 许多PCI设备具有多个功能。在输出中，65:00.0是显卡的主功能，而65:00.1是相关的音频功能。同样，64:05.0等是与Intel Sky Lake-E平台相关的系统外设。

4. 设备版本：

   • 每个设备后面的(rev 04)表示该设备的版本号。版本号有助于识别特定的硬件修订版。

5. 系统外设：

   • 许多设备被标识为"System peripheral"，这通常指的是主板上的集成设备或控制器，如内存控制器、VT-d等。

6. 理解结构：

   • 这个输出中的设备主要是Intel的Sky Lake-E架构系列硬件，表明你正在使用的计算机基于这一架构，并且有NVIDIA的显卡。

总结

总结来说，这个输出信息展示了你计算机中安装的硬件设备及其类型、型号和制造商。对于了解系统硬件配置、驱动程序安装和故障排除等方面非常有用。