C# WebApi 接口测试工具：WebApiTestClient应用技术详解

一、引言

二、WebApiTestClient介绍

1、特性

2、应用场景

三、WebApiTestClient具体使用

一、引言

由于最近项目需要开发WebApi接口，接口开发完了需要自测或提供给第三方进行调试，看了网上的方法，大多都是使用第三方测试工具，如Postman、Fiddler等，但这些虽然功能强大，但使用起来较为繁琐，如Postman还需要注册、下载及安装等，因此就搜索其他的调试方法，如WebApiTestClient和swagger，这些都是轻量级的，可直接集成在项目中使用，很方便，本文主要介绍在WebApi中使用WebApiTestClien接口测试工具的应用。

二、WebApiTestClient介绍

WebApiTestClient是一款专门为调试和测试ASP.NET WebApi设计的工具，可以通过简洁的Web界面发送请求并查看响应。在API开发过程中，它可以帮助开发者更高效地进行调试和验证。

1、特性

简洁的Web界面：无需额外安装复杂的工具，通过Web浏览器即可访问和使用。
易于集成 ：作为NuGet包，可以方便地集成到现有的ASP.NET WebApi项目中。
灵活的请求配置：可以自定义HTTP方法、请求头、请求体等，便于模拟各种请求场景。
实时查看响应：即时查看API的响应，包括状态码、响应头和响应体，便于调试。

2、应用场景

1）开发阶段的调试

在开发阶段，WebApiTestClient可以用于快速验证API是否按预期工作。通过其简洁的界面，可以轻松构造各种HTTP请求并查看响应，便于发现和修复问题。

2）测试API端点

在测试阶段，QA工程师可以使用WebApiTestClient模拟各种请求，验证API的稳定性和正确性。能够自定义请求参数和请求体，也有助于进行边界测试和异常处理测试。

3）与前端开发的协同

前后端分离的开发模式下，前端开发人员可以使用WebApiTestClient测试后端API的接口，确保数据交互的正确性，减少前后端联调的时间和成本。

4）快速验证和演示

在需求评审或技术交流过程中，开发者可以使用WebApiTestClient进行快速验证和演示，展示API的功能和数据交互过程，提高沟通效率。

三、WebApiTestClient具体使用

1、WebApi项目引入组件

首先，我们需要定义一个API项目

然后通过Nuget引入组件，如下图。记住选下图中的第一个WebApiTestClient进行安装。

引入成功后，将向项目里面添加一些主要文件：

Scripts\WebApiTestClient.js
Areas\HelpPage\TestClient.css
Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help\DisplayTemplates\TestClientDialogs.cshtml
Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help\DisplayTemplates\TestClientReferences.cshtml

2、如何使用组件

1、修改Api.cshtml文件

通过上述步骤，就能将组件WebAPITestClient引入进来。下面我们只需要做一件事：打开文件 (根据 Areas\HelpPage\Views\Help) Api.cshtml 并添加以下内容:

@Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientDialogs")
@Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientReferences")

添加后Api.cshtml文件的代码如下

html 复制代码

@using System.Web.Http
@using WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage.Models
@model HelpPageApiModel

@{
    var description = Model.ApiDescription;
    ViewBag.Title = description.HttpMethod.Method + " " + description.RelativePath;
}

<link type="text/css" href="~/Areas/HelpPage/HelpPage.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<div id="body" class="help-page">
    <section class="featured">
        <div class="content-wrapper">
            <p>
                @Html.ActionLink("Help Page Home", "Index")
            </p>
        </div>
    </section>
    <section class="content-wrapper main-content clear-fix">
        @Html.DisplayForModel()
    </section>
</div>
@Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientDialogs")
@section Scripts{
    <link href="~/Areas/HelpPage/HelpPage.css" rel="stylesheet" />
    @Html.DisplayForModel("TestClientReferences")
}

2、配置读取注释的xml路径

其实，通过上面的步骤，我们的项目已经可以跑起来了，也可以调用接口测试。但是，还不能读取 /// <summary> 注释里面的东西。需要做如下配置才行。

（1）配置生成xml的路径。我们在项目上面点右键→属性→生成标签页配置xml的路径

（2）在xml的读取路径：在下图的HelpPageConfig.cs里面配置一句话，指定xml的读取路径。

这句代码如下：

cs 复制代码

config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/WebApiDemo.xml")));

HelpPageConfig.cs完整文件入下：

cs 复制代码

// Uncomment the following to provide samples for PageResult<T>. Must also add the Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.OData
// package to your project.
#define Handle_PageResultOfT

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Http;
#if Handle_PageResultOfT
using System.Web.Http.OData;
#endif

namespace WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Use this class to customize the Help Page.
    /// For example you can set a custom <see cref="System.Web.Http.Description.IDocumentationProvider"/> to supply the documentation
    /// or you can provide the samples for the requests/responses.
    /// </summary>
    public static class HelpPageConfig
    {
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Globalization", "CA1303:Do not pass literals as localized parameters",
            MessageId = "WebApiDemo.Areas.HelpPage.TextSample.#ctor(System.String)",
            Justification = "End users may choose to merge this string with existing localized resources.")]
        [SuppressMessage("Microsoft.Naming", "CA2204:Literals should be spelled correctly",
            MessageId = "bsonspec",
            Justification = "Part of a URI.")]
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
             Uncomment the following to use the documentation from XML documentation file.
            //config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/XmlDocument.xml")));

             Uncomment the following to use "sample string" as the sample for all actions that have string as the body parameter or return type.
             Also, the string arrays will be used for IEnumerable<string>. The sample objects will be serialized into different media type 
             formats by the available formatters.
            //config.SetSampleObjects(new Dictionary<Type, object>
            //{
            //    {typeof(string), "sample string"},
            //    {typeof(IEnumerable<string>), new string[]{"sample 1", "sample 2"}}
            //});

            // Extend the following to provide factories for types not handled automatically (those lacking parameterless
            // constructors) or for which you prefer to use non-default property values. Line below provides a fallback
            // since automatic handling will fail and GeneratePageResult handles only a single type.
#if Handle_PageResultOfT
            config.GetHelpPageSampleGenerator().SampleObjectFactories.Add(GeneratePageResult);
#endif

            // Extend the following to use a preset object directly as the sample for all actions that support a media
            // type, regardless of the body parameter or return type. The lines below avoid display of binary content.
            // The BsonMediaTypeFormatter (if available) is not used to serialize the TextSample object.
            config.SetSampleForMediaType(
                new TextSample("Binary JSON content. See http://bsonspec.org for details."),
                new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/bson"));

             Uncomment the following to use "[0]=foo&[1]=bar" directly as the sample for all actions that support form URL encoded format
             and have IEnumerable<string> as the body parameter or return type.
            //config.SetSampleForType("[0]=foo&[1]=bar", new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"), typeof(IEnumerable<string>));

             Uncomment the following to use "1234" directly as the request sample for media type "text/plain" on the controller named "Values"
             and action named "Put".
            //config.SetSampleRequest("1234", new MediaTypeHeaderValue("text/plain"), "Values", "Put");

             Uncomment the following to use the image on "../images/aspNetHome.png" directly as the response sample for media type "image/png"
             on the controller named "Values" and action named "Get" with parameter "id".
            //config.SetSampleResponse(new ImageSample("../images/aspNetHome.png"), new MediaTypeHeaderValue("image/png"), "Values", "Get", "id");

             Uncomment the following to correct the sample request when the action expects an HttpRequestMessage with ObjectContent<string>.
             The sample will be generated as if the controller named "Values" and action named "Get" were having string as the body parameter.
            //config.SetActualRequestType(typeof(string), "Values", "Get");

             Uncomment the following to correct the sample response when the action returns an HttpResponseMessage with ObjectContent<string>.
             The sample will be generated as if the controller named "Values" and action named "Post" were returning a string.
            //config.SetActualResponseType(typeof(string), "Values", "Post");
            config.SetDocumentationProvider(new XmlDocumentationProvider(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/App_Data/WebApiDemo.xml")));
        }

#if Handle_PageResultOfT
        private static object GeneratePageResult(HelpPageSampleGenerator sampleGenerator, Type type)
        {
            if (type.IsGenericType)
            {
                Type openGenericType = type.GetGenericTypeDefinition();
                if (openGenericType == typeof(PageResult<>))
                {
                    // Get the T in PageResult<T>
                    Type[] typeParameters = type.GetGenericArguments();
                    Debug.Assert(typeParameters.Length == 1);

                    // Create an enumeration to pass as the first parameter to the PageResult<T> constuctor
                    Type itemsType = typeof(List<>).MakeGenericType(typeParameters);
                    object items = sampleGenerator.GetSampleObject(itemsType);

                    // Fill in the other information needed to invoke the PageResult<T> constuctor
                    Type[] parameterTypes = new Type[] { itemsType, typeof(Uri), typeof(long?), };
                    object[] parameters = new object[] { items, null, (long)ObjectGenerator.DefaultCollectionSize, };

                    // Call PageResult(IEnumerable<T> items, Uri nextPageLink, long? count) constructor
                    ConstructorInfo constructor = type.GetConstructor(parameterTypes);
                    return constructor.Invoke(parameters);
                }
            }

            return null;
        }
#endif
    }
}

3、测试接口

下面仅为简单接口，仅为项目说明使用

cs 复制代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Web.Http;

namespace WebApiDemo.Controllers
{
    public class ValuesController : ApiController
    {
        // GET api/values
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }

        // GET api/values/5
        public string Get(int id)
        {
            return "value";
        }

        // POST api/values
        public void Post([FromBody]string value)
        {

        }

        // PUT api/values/5
        public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // DELETE api/values/5
        public void Delete(int id)
        {
        }
    }
}

到这里组件就搭完了，剩下的就是运行了。如果过我们是是把webAPI部署在IIS或其他服务器上，在浏览器url里面敲地址http://IP地址:端口/Help即可显示WebApiTestClient调试页面；这里我是直接通过Visual Studio 2017调试弹出WebApiTestClient调试页面，如下：

WebApiTestClient调试页面展示：