selenium案例——爬取哔哩哔哩排行榜

案例需求：

1.使用selenium自动化爬虫爬取哔哩哔哩排行榜中舞蹈类的数据（包括视频标题、up主、播放量和评论量）

2.利用bs4进行数据解析和提取

3.将爬取的数据保存在本地json文件中

4.保存在excel文件中

分析：

1.请求url地址：https://www.bilibili.com/v/popular/rank/dance

2.加载等待事件，否则获取数据不充分

复制代码

wait = WebDriverWait(self.browsers, 280)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'rank-item')))
time.sleep(5)

3.获取相应内容

复制代码

last_height = self.browsers.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
while True:
    self.browsers.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);')
    time.sleep(5)
    data = self.browsers.page_source  # 获取网页源码
    self.parse_data(data=data)
    new_height = self.browsers.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
    if new_height == last_height:
        break
    last_height = new_height

4.使用bs4解析数据

复制代码

soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'lxml')
titles = soup.select('.info .title')  # 标题
up_names = soup.select('.info .up-name')  # up主
# :nth-of-type(2) 用于选择指定类型的第二个元素
play_counts = soup.select('.info .detail-state .data-box:nth-of-type(1)')  # 播放量
comment_counts = soup.select('.info .detail-state .data-box:nth-of-type(2)') # 评论量
rank_data = {}
print(len(titles))
for title, name, play_count, comment_count in zip(titles, up_names, play_counts, comment_counts):
    t = title.get_text().strip()
    n = name.get_text().strip()
    p = play_count.get_text().strip()
    c = comment_count.get_text().strip()
    print('标题：', t)
    print('up主：', n)
    print('播放量：', p)
    print('评论量：', c)
    print('==========================')

5.保存在本地json文件中

复制代码

with open('rank_data.json', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(json.dumps(rank_data, ensure_ascii=False) + '\n')

6.保存在excel文件中

复制代码

wb =workbook.Workbook()#创建一个EXcel对象 就相当于是要生成一个excel 程序
ws = wb.active #激活当前表
ws.append(['标题','up主','播放量','评论量'])

复制代码

#保存数据
def save_data(self,title,name,paly,comment):
    ws.append([title,name,paly,comment])
    # 保存为Excel数据
    wb.save('哔哩哔哩排行榜数据.xlsx')

案例代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from openpyxl import workbook #第三方模块 需要安装
import time
import json

wb =workbook.Workbook()#创建一个EXcel对象 就相当于是要生成一个excel 程序
ws = wb.active #激活当前表
ws.append(['标题','up主','播放量','评论量'])

class Spider:
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://www.bilibili.com/v/popular/rank/dance'
        self.options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
        self.options.add_experimental_option('excludeSwitches', ['enable-automation'])
        self.browsers = webdriver.Chrome(options=self.options)

    # 访问哔哩哔哩排行榜
    def get_bili(self):
        self.browsers.get(self.url)
        wait = WebDriverWait(self.browsers, 280)
        wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'rank-item')))
        time.sleep(5)

    # 获取响应内容
    def get_data(self):
        last_height = self.browsers.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
        while True:
            self.browsers.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);')
            time.sleep(5)
            data = self.browsers.page_source  # 获取网页源码
            self.parse_data(data=data)
            new_height = self.browsers.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
            if new_height == last_height:
                break
            last_height = new_height

    # 解析信息
    def parse_data(self, data):
        soup = BeautifulSoup(data, 'lxml')
        titles = soup.select('.info .title')  # 标题
        up_names = soup.select('.info .up-name')  # up主
        # :nth-of-type(2) 用于选择指定类型的第二个元素
        play_counts = soup.select('.info .detail-state .data-box:nth-of-type(1)')  # 播放量
        comment_counts = soup.select('.info .detail-state .data-box:nth-of-type(2)') # 评论量
        rank_data = {}
        print(len(titles))
        for title, name, play_count, comment_count in zip(titles, up_names, play_counts, comment_counts):
            t = title.get_text().strip()
            n = name.get_text().strip()
            p = play_count.get_text().strip()
            c = comment_count.get_text().strip()
            print('标题：', t)
            print('up主：', n)
            print('播放量：', p)
            print('评论量：', c)
            print('==========================')
            self.save_data(t,n,p,c)
            rank_data['标题'] = t
            rank_data['up主'] = n
            rank_data['播放量'] = p
            rank_data['评论量'] = c
            with open('rank_data.json', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write(json.dumps(rank_data, ensure_ascii=False) + '\n')
    #保存数据
    def save_data(self,title,name,paly,comment):
        ws.append([title,name,paly,comment])
        # 保存为Excel数据
        wb.save('哔哩哔哩排行榜数据.xlsx')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = Spider()
    s.get_bili()
    s.get_data()

运行结果：