线程的实现方式
- 继承Thread类:void run()方法没有返回值,无法抛异常
- 实现Runnable接口:void run()方法没有返回值,无法抛异常
- 实现Callable接口:V call() throws Exception 返回结果,能够抛异常
实现Callable接口
(1)创建Callable接口的实现类,并实现call()方法,该call()方法将作为线程执行体,并且有返回值。
(2)创建Callable实现类的实例,使用FutureTask类来包装Callable对象,该FutureTask对象封装了该Callable对象的call()方法的返回值。
(3)使用FutureTask对象作为Thread对象的target创建并启动新线程。
(4)调用FutureTask对象的get()方法来获得子线程执行结束后的返回值
任务
四匹马,跑一千米比赛,每匹马的速度通过1~10的随机数来产生,输出哪匹马是冠军
RunTask1.java代码:
import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.Callable; /** * 跑步任务 */ public class RunTask1 implements Callable<Long> { // step/100ms 是否睡着 睡觉时间 // 通过方法形参接收参数 // 定义属性 private int step; private boolean isSleep; private int sleepTime; public RunTask1(int step,boolean isSleep,int sleepTime){ this.step=step; this.isSleep=isSleep; this.sleepTime=sleepTime; } @Override public Long call() throws Exception { int distance=0; long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); while(true){ distance+=step; if (isSleep) { if (distance == 800) { //跑到800米 try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "睡" + sleepTime + "ms"); Thread.sleep(sleepTime); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } if(distance>=1000){ break; } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "跑完" + distance + "米"); } try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return System.currentTimeMillis()-start; } }
Test.java代码
import java.util.Random; import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //第一匹马的跑步任务 RunTask1 horse1=new RunTask1(new Random().nextInt(10)+1,true,200); FutureTask<Long> horseResult = new FutureTask<>(horse1); Thread t1=new Thread(horseResult,"马1"); //第二匹马的跑步任务 RunTask1 horse2=new RunTask1(new Random().nextInt(10)+1,true,400); FutureTask<Long> horseResult1 = new FutureTask<>(horse2); Thread t2=new Thread(horseResult1,"马2"); //第三匹马的跑步任务 RunTask1 horse3=new RunTask1(new Random().nextInt(10)+1,true,5500); FutureTask<Long> horseResult2 = new FutureTask<>(horse3); Thread t3=new Thread(horseResult2,"马3"); //第四匹马的跑步任务 RunTask1 horse4=new RunTask1(new Random().nextInt(10)+1,false,0); FutureTask<Long> horseResult3 = new FutureTask<>(horse4); Thread t4=new Thread(horseResult3,"马4"); t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); t4.start(); //统计比赛结果,一定要等main线程执行,否则, Horse1的线程还没跑完,就输出了winner is Horse2 if((horseResult.get().longValue() < horseResult1.get().longValue()) && (horseResult.get().longValue() < horseResult2.get().longValue()) && (horseResult.get().longValue() < horseResult3.get().longValue())){ System.out.println("winner is "+t1.getName()); } else if((horseResult1.get().longValue() < horseResult.get().longValue()) && (horseResult1.get().longValue() < horseResult2.get().longValue()) && (horseResult1.get().longValue() < horseResult3.get().longValue())){ System.out.println("winner is "+t2.getName()); } else if((horseResult2.get().longValue() < horseResult.get().longValue()) && (horseResult2.get().longValue() < horseResult1.get().longValue()) && (horseResult2.get().longValue() < horseResult3.get().longValue())){ System.out.println("winner is "+t3.getName()); } else if(horseResult3.get().longValue() < horseResult.get().longValue() && (horseResult3.get().longValue() < horseResult1.get().longValue()) && (horseResult3.get().longValue() < horseResult2.get().longValue())){ System.out.println("winner is "+t4.getName()); } else System.out.println("平局"); } }
控制台输出,想要结果不一样,可以通过设置哪一匹马会睡眠,从而改变结果,代码还是有不足: