ceph的集群管理

0 环境说明

ip地址	主机名	额外硬盘	是否加入ceph集群
10.0.0.141	ceph141	sdb 300G，sdc 500G	是
10.0.0.142	ceph142	sdb 300G，sdc 500G, sdd 1000G	否
10.0.0.143	ceph143	sdb 300G，sdc 500G	否

在上一篇文章中，已经成功地初始化了一个ceph管理节点ceph141。接下来要做的是把ceph142、ceph143节点给添加到集群。

在新的主机加入集群前，还不能使用，因为资源列表是空的，

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch device ls
HOST     PATH      TYPE  DEVICE ID                                   SIZE  AVAILABLE  REFRESHED  REJECT REASONS  
ceph141  /dev/sdb  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_01000000000000000001   300G  Yes        6m ago                     
ceph141  /dev/sdc  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_02000000000000000001   500G  Yes        6m ago                     
[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST     ADDR        LABELS  STATUS  
ceph141  10.0.0.141  _admin          
1 hosts in cluster

查看ceph状态，目前只有这一个刚刚初始化的节点

1 ceph节点的添加和删除

orch 是 orchestrator 的缩写，表示编排器（Orchestrator）

1.查看集群主机只有1个，接下来把其他节点添加进去。添加操作也可以在web页面上进行

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST     ADDR        LABELS  STATUS  
ceph141  10.0.0.141  _admin          
1 hosts in cluster

2.把ssh秘钥放到其他服务器上，方便免密登录

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub ceph142
[root@ceph141 ~]# ssh-copy-id -f -i /etc/ceph/ceph.pub ceph143

3.添加其他节点到集群

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host add ceph142 10.0.0.142
Added host 'ceph142' with addr '10.0.0.142'
[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host add ceph143 10.0.0.143
Added host 'ceph143' with addr '10.0.0.143'

4.再次查看主机列表，3个节点已经都在列表中了

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host ls
HOST     ADDR        LABELS  STATUS  
ceph141  10.0.0.141  _admin          
ceph142  10.0.0.142                  
ceph143  10.0.0.143                  
3 hosts in cluster

5.测试删除一个节点，删除后记得添加回来

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch host rm ceph143
Error EINVAL: Not allowed to remove ceph143 from cluster. The following daemons are running in the host:
type                 id             
-------------------- ---------------
ceph-exporter        ceph143        
crash                ceph143        
node-exporter        ceph143        
mon                  ceph143        

Please run 'ceph orch host drain ceph143' to remove daemons from host

2 添加OSD设备到集群

如果一个OSD（对象存储设备）想要加入ceph集群，要求满足2个条件

设备未被使用，已经分区使用的磁盘无法加入
设备的存储大小必须大于5GB

1.添加OSD之前环境查看当前OSD设备

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch device ls
HOST     PATH      TYPE  DEVICE ID                                   SIZE  AVAILABLE  REFRESHED  REJECT REASONS  
ceph141  /dev/sdb  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_01000000000000000001   300G  Yes        45s ago                    
ceph141  /dev/sdc  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_02000000000000000001   500G  Yes        45s ago                    
ceph142  /dev/sdb  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_01000000000000000001   300G  Yes        7m ago                     
ceph142  /dev/sdc  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_02000000000000000001   500G  Yes        7m ago                     
ceph142  /dev/sdd  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_03000000000000000001  1024G  Yes        7m ago                     
ceph143  /dev/sdb  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_01000000000000000001   300G  Yes        6m ago                     
ceph143  /dev/sdc  hdd   ATA_VMware_Virtual_S_02000000000000000001   500G  Yes        6m ago
[root@ceph141~]# ceph osd tree
ID  CLASS  WEIGHT  TYPE NAME     STATUS  REWEIGHT  PRI-AFF
-1              0  root default

2.把上述设备进行添加。磁盘命名根据实际情况添加

daemon 表示以守护进程添加

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph141:/dev/sdb
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph141:/dev/sdc
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph142:/dev/sdb
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph142:/dev/sdc
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph142:/dev/sdd
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph143:/dev/sdb
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch daemon add osd ceph143:/dev/sdc

3.查看添加好的OSD以及LVM

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph orch device ls
Has a FileSystem, Insufficient space (<10 extents) on vgs, LVM detected
Has a FileSystem, Insufficient space (<10 extents) on vgs, LVM detected

[root@ceph141~]# lsblk | egrep -A 1 '^sdb|^sdc'
sdb                                                                                                     8:16   0  300G  0 disk 
└─ceph--ae423c15--8ff6--4e72--af97--ac909ca57fac-osd--block--6fc95050--e75e--4833--845b--b0e7698e1543 253:0    0  300G  0 lvm  
sdc                                                                                                     8:32   0  500G  0 disk 
└─ceph--00a6dda3--90da--46ba--8962--31835455173a-osd--block--2f6e56ff--9926--4c4e--8931--a780eb353431 253:1    0  500G  0 lvm

由此可见，ceph底层是基于LVM技术的

4.再次查看ceph集群状态。命令cephs tatus等于ceph -s

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph status 
  cluster:
    id:     12fad866-9aa0-11ef-8656-6516a17ad6dd
    health: HEALTH_OK
 
  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 10m)
    mgr: ceph141.yvswvf(active, since 10m), standbys: ceph142.gtcikx
    osd: 7 osds: 7 up (since 7m), 7 in (since 7m)
 
  data:
    pools:   1 pools, 1 pgs
    objects: 2 objects, 577 KiB
    usage:   192 MiB used, 3.3 TiB / 3.3 TiB avail
    pgs:     1 active+clean

5.全部添加后，查看OSD设备的数量为7个。正好对应上

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# ceph osd ls
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

3 ceph集群配置时间同步

ceph集群基于chrony进行同步时间，如果集群时间偏差较大，可能导致healthy异常

1.所有节点安装chrony时间同步

bash 复制代码

apt -y install chrony

2.ceph141修改配置，这个节点设置为时间同步服务器。

在配置文件中添加一行：pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst maxsources 4

最后重启服务：systemctl restart chronyd

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# yy /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
confdir /etc/chrony/conf.d
pool ntp.ubuntu.com        iburst maxsources 4
pool 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
pool 1.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 1
pool 2.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org iburst maxsources 2
pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst maxsources 4
sourcedir /run/chrony-dhcp
sourcedir /etc/chrony/sources.d
keyfile /etc/chrony/chrony.keys
driftfile /var/lib/chrony/chrony.drift
ntsdumpdir /var/lib/chrony
logdir /var/log/chrony
maxupdateskew 100.0
rtcsync
makestep 1 3
leapsectz right/UTC

验证服务可用：

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# chronyc activity -v
200 OK
7 sources online
0 sources offline
2 sources doing burst (return to online)
0 sources doing burst (return to offline)
7 sources with unknown address

4 ceph的管理节点设置

1.拷贝apt源及认证文件到ceph142节点

bash 复制代码

scp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ceph.list ceph142:/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
scp /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/ceph.release.gpg  ceph142:/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/

2.在ceph142节点执行安装

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph142~]# apt update
[root@ceph142~]# apt -y install ceph-common
[root@ceph142~]# ceph -v
ceph version 18.2.4 (e7ad5345525c7aa95470c26863873b581076945d) reef (stable)

3.ceph141节点拷贝认证文件到ceph142节点

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141~]# scp /etc/ceph/ceph.{conf,client.admin.keyring} ceph142:/etc/ceph/

4.在ceph142节点测试可以正常访问ceph集群

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph142~]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     12fad866-9aa0-11ef-8656-6516a17ad6dd
    health: HEALTH_OK
 
  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph141,ceph142,ceph143 (age 15m)
    mgr: ceph141.yvswvf(active, since 14m), standbys: ceph142.gtcikx
    osd: 7 osds: 7 up (since 14m), 7 in (since 35m)
 
  data:
    pools:   1 pools, 1 pgs
    objects: 2 objects, 577 KiB
    usage:   1003 MiB used, 3.3 TiB / 3.3 TiB avail
    pgs:     1 active+clean

5 节点的标签管理

为节点打上对应的标签，以便于日后管理。

参考链接

1.给ceph142节点添加自定义标签

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph142 _admin
Added label _admin to host ceph142
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph143 _admin
Added label _admin to host ceph143
[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label add ceph143 wzy666
Added label wzy666 to host ceph143

2.移除标签

bash 复制代码

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 wzy666
Removed label wzy666 from host ceph143

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 admin
Host ceph143 does not have label 'admin'. Please use 'ceph orch host ls' to list all the labels.

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 _admin
Removed label _admin from host ceph143
Removed label wzy666 from host ceph143

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 admin
Host ceph143 does not have label 'admin'. Please use 'ceph orch host ls' to list all the labels.

[root@ceph141 ~]# ceph orch host label rm ceph143 _admin
Removed label _admin from host ceph143