SpringSecurity 鉴权认证入门讲解

Spring Security 是 Spring 家族中的一个安全管理框架。相比与另外一个安全框架Shiro，它提供了更丰富的功能，社区资源也比Shiro丰富。

一般来说中大型的项目都是使用SpringSecurity 来做安全框架。小项目有Shiro的比较多，因为相比与SpringSecurity，Shiro的上手更加的简单。

一般Web应用的需要进行认证和授权。

认证：验证当前访问系统的是不是本系统的用户，并且要确认具体是哪个用户

授权：经过认证后判断当前用户是否有权限进行某个操作

而认证和授权也是SpringSecurity作为安全框架的核心功能。

1、新建一个SpringBoot项目，pom里添加springsecurity的依赖和Thymeleaf依赖

java 复制代码

<dependency>
     <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
     <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>


<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
</dependency>

2、创建Spring Security的配置类

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;



@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
        .authorizeRequests()
        // 访问"/admin"路径的 需要有ADMIN身份
        .antMatchers("/admin").hasRole("ADMIN")
        // 访问"/"和"/home"路径的 需要有USE身份
        .antMatchers("/", "/home").hasRole("USER")
        // 而其他的请求都需要认证
        .anyRequest()
        .authenticated()
        .and()
        // 修改Spring Security默认的登陆界面
        .formLogin()
        .loginPage("/login")
        .permitAll()
        .and()
        .logout()
        .permitAll();
    }

    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception{
        //基于内存来存储用户信息
        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
                .withUser("user").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123")).roles("USER").and()
                .withUser("admin").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("456")).roles("USER","ADMIN");
    }
}

3、Controller层代码与前端代码

SecurityController.java

java 复制代码

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;

@Controller
public class SecurityController {

    public static final String PAGE_HOME = "home";
    public static final String PAGE_LOGIN = "login";
    public static final String PAGE_ADMIN = "admin";
    public static final String PAGE_USER = "user";
    public static final String PAGE_GUEST = "guest";
    public static final String PAGE_HELLO = "hello";


    @GetMapping(value = {"/home","/"})
    public String home(){
        return PAGE_HOME;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/hello")
    public String hello(){
        return PAGE_HELLO;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/login")
    public String login(){
        return PAGE_LOGIN;
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/admin")
    public String admin(){
        return PAGE_ADMIN;
    }
}

hello.html

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
    <title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 th:inline="text">Hello [[${#httpServletRequest.remoteUser}]]!</h1>
<form th:action="@{/logout}" method="post">
    <input type="submit" value="Sign Out"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
    <title>Spring Security Example </title>
</head>
<body>
<div th:if="${param.error}">
    Invalid username and password.
</div>
<div th:if="${param.logout}">
    You have been logged out.
</div>
<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
    <div><label> User Name : <input type="text" name="username"/> </label></div>
    <div><label> Password: <input type="password" name="password"/> </label></div>
    <div><input type="submit" value="Sign In"/></div>
</form>
</body>
</html>

admin.html

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Admin Dashboard</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <h1 class="my-5">Welcome to the Admin Dashboard</h1>

    <!-- Display the username of the logged-in user -->
    <div>
        <p>Hello">User</strong>!</p>
    </div>

    <!-- Admin features -->
    <h3 class="my-3">Admin Features</h3>
    <ul>
        <li><a href="/admin/users">Manage Users</a></li>
        <li><a href="/admin/reports">View Reports</a></li>
        <li><a href="/admin/settings">System Settings</a></li>
    </ul>

    <a href="/logout" class="btn btn-danger mt-3">Logout</a>
</div>

<!-- Optional Bootstrap JS for interactive features -->
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

home.html

html 复制代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Home</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to the Home Page</h1>
<p><a href="/login">Login</a></p>
</body>
</html><!DOCTYPE html>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"
      xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity3">
<head>
    <title>Spring Security Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome!</h1>

<p>Click <a th:href="@{/hello}">here</a> to see a greeting.</p>
</body>
</html>

4、运行结果与分析

当我们直接访问localhost:8081/hello时，此时页面将跳转到http://localhost:8081/login，这是因为SecurityConfig类配置了仅对 "/" 和 "/home"路径的请求有USER身份即可访问，"/admin"请求需要有"ADMIN"身份才可以访问。（注：这里端口我因为做了调整，改为了8081，大家照常访问8080端口即可。）

ADMIN权限的账号登录认证的时候

当访问http://localhost:8081/admin的时候会重定向到http://localhost:8081/login来鉴权认证，输入

admin
456

则可以访问到 http://localhost:8081/admin 页面

USER权限的账号登录认证的时候

当访问http://localhost:8081/home的时候会重定向到http://localhost:8081/login来鉴权认证，输入

user
123

则可以访问到 http://localhost:8081/home页面

而这个账号有权限的地方主要是这里配置的，给了admin账号赋予了USER、ADMIN权限

参考Spring Security最简单全面教程（带Demo）_spring security demo-CSDN博客