ubuntu20配置mysql注意事项

一、mysql安装

1.更新apt源

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sudo apt update

2.安装mysql服务

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sudo apt-get install mysql-server

3.初始化配置

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sudo mysql_secure_installation

4.配置项

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords... Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N (选择N ,不会进行密码的强校验)

Please set the password for root here... New password: (输入密码) Re-enter new password: (重复输入)

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them... Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除匿名用户)

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network... Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，允许root远程连接)

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access... Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N (选择N，不删除test数据库)

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : Y (选择Y，修改权限立即生效)

5.检查mysql服务状态

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systemctl status mysql.service

二、初始化配置密码

1.访问mysql数据库

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sudo mysql

2.切换数据库

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use mysql;

3.查询用户表命令

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select User,authentication_string,Host from user;

4.查看状态

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select host,user,plugin from user;

5.设置权限与密码

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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '密码'; #使用mysql_native_password修改加密规则
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '密码' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER; #更新一下用户的密码
UPDATE user SET host = '%' WHERE user = 'root'; #允许远程访问

刷新cache中配置刷新权限

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flush privileges; 
quit;

三、配置文件的位置

/etc/mysql/my.cnf

配置文件修改如下：

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[mysqld]
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket
#socket=/tmp/mysql.socket
skip-external-locking
skip-grant-tables

四、常用的mysql命令

1.重启mysql

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sudo systemctl restart mysql

2.查看mysql服务状态

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sudo systemctl status mysql

3.启动mysql

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sudo systemctl start mysql

五、踩坑以及解决方法

**遇到问题：**Can 't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock '(2) ";

解决方法：

按照三中的方法对配置文件进行修改修改后重启mysql服务
查看在/var/lib/mysql下是否存在mysql.socket

3.尝试如下命令：

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mysql -u root -p -S /var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket

输入密码后可进入mysql

4.上述命令成功后，进行软连接

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ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.socket /tmp/mysql.sock

5.之后可通过mysql -u root -p的方式访问mysql

参考链接1

参考链接2