Maven 测试和单元测试介绍

一、测试介绍

二、单元测试

1）介绍

2）快速入门

添加依赖

<dependencies>
        <!-- junit依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.9.1</version>
        </dependency>
</dependencies>

UserService

java 复制代码

package com.project;

import java.time.LocalDate;
import java.time.Period;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

public class UserService {

    /**
     * 给定一个身份证号, 计算出该用户的年龄
     * @param idCard 身份证号
     */
    public Integer getAge(String idCard){
        if (idCard == null || idCard.length() != 18) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("无效的身份证号码");
        }
        String birthday = idCard.substring(6, 14);
        LocalDate parse = LocalDate.parse(birthday, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMdd"));
        return Period.between(parse, LocalDate.now()).getYears();
    }

    /**
     * 给定一个身份证号, 计算出该用户的性别
     * @param idCard 身份证号
     */
    public String getGender(String idCard){
        if (idCard == null || idCard.length() != 18) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("无效的身份证号码");
        }
        return Integer.parseInt(idCard.substring(16,17)) % 2 == 1 ? "男" : "女";
    }

}

UserServiceTest

java 复制代码

package com.project;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

//测试类
public class UserServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void testGetAge(){
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        Integer age = userService.getAge("100000200010011011");
        System.out.println(age);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetName(){
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");
        System.out.println(gender);
    }
    
        // 断言可以判断业务逻辑是否正确
    @Test
    public void testGenderWithAssert(){
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");
        // 断言
        Assertions.assertEquals("男", gender,"性别获取有问题");
    }

    @Test
    public void testGenderWithAssert2(){
        UserService userService = new UserService();
        String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");
        // 断言如果有错误抛出异常
        Assertions.assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, ()->{
            userService.getGender("100000200010011011");
        });
    }
}

3）断言

复制代码

上述方法形参中的最后一个参数 msg ，表示错误提示信息，可以不指定（有对应的重载方法）

4）常见注解

5）单元测试-企业开发规范

1、判断测试方法的覆盖率

2、只判断某个类之中的覆盖率

3、AI生成单元测试

IDea安装通义灵码AI插件

点击标志后，点击单元测试

java 复制代码

package com.project;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.*;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.ValueSource;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

public class UserServiceAiTest {

    private UserService userService;
    @BeforeEach // 在每个测试方法执行前执行
    public void setUp() {
        userService = new UserService();
    }

    @Test
    public void getGender_ValidMaleIdCard_ReturnsMale() {
        String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011011");
        assertEquals("男", gender, "性别获取错误，应为男性");
    }

    @Test
    public void getGender_ValidFemaleIdCard_ReturnsFemale() {
        String gender = userService.getGender("100000200010011022");
        assertEquals("女", gender, "性别获取错误，应为女性");
    }

    @Test
    public void getGender_NullIdCard_ThrowsException() {
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
            userService.getGender(null);
        }, "无效的身份证号码");
    }

    @Test
    public void getGender_InvalidLengthIdCard_ThrowsException() {
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> {
            userService.getGender("10000020001001101");
        }, "无效的身份证号码");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(strings = {"100000200010011011", "100000200010011031", "100000200010011051"})
    public void getGender_MultipleMaleIdCards_ReturnsMale(String idCard) {
        String gender = userService.getGender(idCard);
        assertEquals("男", gender, "性别获取错误，应为男性");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(strings = {"100000200010011022", "100000200010011042", "100000200010011062"})
    public void getGender_MultipleFemaleIdCards_ReturnsFemale(String idCard) {
        String gender = userService.getGender(idCard);
        assertEquals("女", gender, "性别获取错误，应为女性");
    }
}

6）生命周期中的test

所有命名规范的test都会运行