Flutter——最详细原生交互(MethodChannel、EventChannel、BasicMessageChannel)使用教程

  1. MethodChannel(方法通道)
    用途:实现 双向通信,用于调用原生平台提供的 API 并获取返回结果。
    场景:适合一次性操作,如调用相机、获取设备信息等。

使用步骤:

  • Flutter 端:通过 MethodChannel监听事件流。
dart 复制代码
  static const platform =
      MethodChannel('com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin');
  • Android 端(Kotlin)
kotlin 复制代码
    private var methodChannel: MethodChannel? = null
  val CHANNEL: String = "com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin"
  
  private fun getPhoneNumber(): Any? {
        val telephonyManager = context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE) as TelephonyManager?
//        val phoneNumber = telephonyManager!!.line1Number
        val phoneNumber = "18627000332"
        return phoneNumber
    }
  1. EventChannel(事件通道)
    用途:实现 单向数据流,用于原生平台向 Flutter 持续发送事件(如传感器数据)。
    场景:适合实时数据流,如监听陀螺仪、GPS 位置更新等。
    使用步骤:
  • Flutter 端:通过 EventChannel 监听事件流。
dart 复制代码
static const eventChannel =
      EventChannel('com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin/event');

  Stream<int> get _batteryLevelStream {
    return eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream("111").cast<int>();
  }
  • Android 端(Kotlin)
kotlin 复制代码
 
class DeviceInfoPlugin(var context: Context) : EventChannel.StreamHandler, FlutterPlugin {

    private var eventChannel: EventChannel? = null
    val EVENT_CHANNEL: String = "com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin/event"

    override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {
            result.notImplemented()
    }

    override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
        setupChannels(binding.binaryMessenger, binding.applicationContext)
    }

    override fun onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
        teardownChannels()
    }

    private fun setupChannels(messenger: BinaryMessenger, context: Context) {
        this.context = context
        eventChannel = EventChannel(messenger, EVENT_CHANNEL)
        eventChannel?.setStreamHandler(this)
    }

    private fun teardownChannels() {
        eventChannel?.setStreamHandler(null)
        eventChannel = null
    }

    private val mainHandler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())

    override fun onListen(arguments: Any?, events: EventChannel.EventSink?) {
        Toast.makeText(context, arguments.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        events?.let {
            sendBatteryLevel(it)
            events.success(1)
            mainHandler.postDelayed({
                events.success(2)
            }, 2000)
            mainHandler.postDelayed({ events.success(3) }, 4000)
        }
    }

    override fun onCancel(arguments: Any?) {

    }

    private fun sendBatteryLevel(events: EventChannel.EventSink) {
        val batteryLevel = -1
        if (batteryLevel != -1) {
            events.success(batteryLevel)
        } else {
            events.error("UNAVAILABLE", "Battery level not available.", null);
        }
    }
}
  1. BasicMessageChannel(基础消息通道)
    用途:支持 异步消息传递,使用自定义编解码器传递数据。
    场景:适合简单的数据交换(如 JSON、二进制数据)。

使用步骤:

  • Flutter 端:通过 BasicMessageChannel监听事件流。
dart 复制代码
  final BasicMessageChannel<String> messageChannel =
      BasicMessageChannel<String>(
    'com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin/basicMessage',
    StringCodec(),
  );
  
// 发送消息
Future<String> sendMessage(String message) async {
  return await messageChannel.send(message);
}

    @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    // 设置消息处理器
    messageChannel.setMessageHandler((String? message) async {
      print('Received message from native: $message');
      return '$message';
    });
  }
  
  • Android 端(Kotlin)
kotlin 复制代码
package com.example.fltest.plugin

import android.content.Context
import android.os.Handler
import android.os.Looper
import android.telephony.TelephonyManager
import android.widget.Toast
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.plugins.FlutterPlugin
import io.flutter.plugin.common.BasicMessageChannel
import io.flutter.plugin.common.BasicMessageChannel.Reply
import io.flutter.plugin.common.BinaryMessenger
import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodCall
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StandardMessageCodec
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StringCodec


class DeviceInfoPlugin(var context: Context) :  FlutterPlugin {

    private var basicMessageChannel: BasicMessageChannel<String>? = null
    val BASIC_MESSAGE_CHANNEL: String = "com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin/basicMessage"

    override fun onMethodCall(call: MethodCall, result: MethodChannel.Result) {
      
            result.notImplemented()
       
    }

    override fun onAttachedToEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
        setupChannels(binding.binaryMessenger, binding.applicationContext)
    }

    override fun onDetachedFromEngine(binding: FlutterPlugin.FlutterPluginBinding) {
        teardownChannels()
    }

    private fun setupChannels(messenger: BinaryMessenger, context: Context) {
        this.context = context
        basicMessageChannel = BasicMessageChannel(messenger, BASIC_MESSAGE_CHANNEL, StringCodec.INSTANCE)
        basicMessageChannel?.setMessageHandler { message, reply ->
            println("Received message from Flutter: $message")
            reply.reply("Message received")
            basicMessageChannel?.send(message
            ) { reply -> Toast.makeText(context, reply.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show() }
        }
        // 发送消息
basicMessageChannel.send("Hello from Android") { reply ->
    Log.d("TAG", "Reply: $reply")
}
    }

    private fun teardownChannels() {
       
    }
    
    override fun onCancel(arguments: Any?) {

    }

}

在MainActivity初始化添加插件类

kotlin 复制代码
package com.example.fltest

import com.example.fltest.plugin.DeviceInfoPlugin
import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity
import io.flutter.embedding.engine.FlutterEngine

class MainActivity: FlutterActivity(){
    override fun configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine: FlutterEngine) {
        super.configureFlutterEngine(flutterEngine)
        flutterEngine.plugins.add(DeviceInfoPlugin(this))
    }
}

总结:

方法 方向 使用场景
MethodChannel 双向 调用原生 API 并获取结果
EventChannel 单向(原生→Flutter) 监听持续事件(如传感器)
BasicMessageChannel 双向 简单消息传递(字符串、二进制数据)

根据具体需求选择合适的方式,可覆盖绝大多数跨平台交互场景。

相关推荐
Julian.zhou2 小时前
AI自然语音交互:下一代技术制高点与用户体验革命
人工智能·ai·交互·未来趋势
python开发笔记3 小时前
python(77) python脚本与jenkins pipeline交互的5种方式
python·jenkins·交互
蒋星熠6 小时前
脑机接口(BCI):从信号到交互的工程实践
人工智能·python·神经网络·算法·机器学习·ai·交互
wuhanwhite7 小时前
Flutter Release 打包后插件失效问题排查与解决(实战分享)
flutter
BG8 小时前
Flutter Svg转Path对象,path.getBounds()获取测量信息不准问题记录
flutter
MaoJiu8 小时前
Flutter中实现Hero Page Route效果
flutter
神经骚栋8 小时前
Flutter面试题01-Flutter中的三棵树
flutter·面试
书源丶19 小时前
二十八、API之《System 类》——与系统交互的“桥梁”
java·交互
码农阿豪1 天前
【征文计划】从掌心到像素:深度解析Rokid UXR 2.0的手势识别与自定义交互实战
交互
人机与认知实验室1 天前
人机交互中的确定性交互与不确定性交互
人机交互·交互