一、前置知识补充
1.如何发起http请求，获取云服务端的响应数据
package net.xdclass.chapter15;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLTest {
public static void main(String []args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("https://assets.msn.cn/breakingnews/v1/cms/api/amp/article/AA5Quct");//请求数据的地址
System.out.println("getHost="+url.getHost());
System.out.println("getProtocol="+url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("getPort="+url.getPort());
System.out.println("getPath="+url.getPath());
System.out.println("getQuery="+url.getQuery());
//getPath和getQuery的组合
System.out.println("getFile="+url.getFile());
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//打开连接
int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();//获取响应码
if(200 <= responseCode && responseCode<=299){//正常响应
try(InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();//获取输入流
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))){//读云服务端响应的数据
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();//创建builder容器对象，存储拼接后的响应数据
String currentLine;
while ( (currentLine =in.readLine())!=null ){
response.append(currentLine);//拼接数据，形成完整的响应数据
}
System.out.println(response.toString());
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}2.将获取数据格式化
- 在线工具
花括号表示对象，方括号表示数组
下载json库，为本地项目配置解析工具
- 常见的JSON库
Gson Google公司开源 地址：https://github.com/google/gson
FastJson阿⾥里里巴巴开源 地址：https://github.com/alibaba/fastjson
引入后测试运行：
package net.xdclass.chapter15;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Map;
public class URLTest {
public static void main(String []args) throws Exception {
URL url = new URL("https://assets.msn.cn/breakingnews/v1/cms/api/amp/article/AA5Quct");
System.out.println("getHost="+url.getHost());
System.out.println("getProtocol="+url.getProtocol());
System.out.println("getPort="+url.getPort());
System.out.println("getPath="+url.getPath());
System.out.println("getQuery="+url.getQuery());
//getPath和getQuery的组合
System.out.println("getFile="+url.getFile());
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();//打开连接
int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode();//获取响应码
if(200 <= responseCode && responseCode<=299){//正常响应
try(InputStream inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();//获取输入流
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream))){//读云服务端响应的数据
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();//创建builder容器对象，存储拼接后的响应数据
String currentLine;
while ( (currentLine =in.readLine())!=null ){
response.append(currentLine);//拼接数据，形成完整的响应数据
}
String jsonStr=response.toString();//响应内容
System.out.println(jsonStr);
Gson gson = new Gson();//创建gson对象
Map<String,Object> objectmap=gson.fromJson(jsonStr, Map.class);//将json字符串转换成map对象
Object title = objectmap.get("title");//获取title的值
System.out.println(title);
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}2.搭建一个echo服务
package net.xdclass.chapter15;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ScannerTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);//创建扫描器对象
while(true){
System.out.println("请输入一个字符：");
String context = scanner.nextLine();//获取用户输入的内容
if("886".equalsIgnoreCase(context)){
System.out.println("欢迎下次登录，再见！");
break;
}else{
System.out.println("您输入的内容是："+context);
}
}
scanner.close();//关闭扫描器
}
}3.智能问答API平台的搭建
使用
http://api.qingyunke.com/api.php?key=free&appid=0&msg=输入你想了解的内容
eg: api.qingyunke.com/api.php?key=free&appid=0&msg=你今年多大了
二、项目的正式开发
1..项目基本框架搭建
流程
用户输⼊入指令 -> http发送请求 -> 解析结果 -> 显示内容 -> 循环上述操作
包分层
model 存放请求响应对象
util 存放工具类
app main函数入口
service 相关业务接口和实现类
2.引入json依赖
本地引入Json库：第一点中有说明。
3.model层
初始请求参数
package model;
public class Request {
//初始化请求参数
private String key = "free";
private String appid = "0";
private String msg = "";
public Request(){}
public Request(String msg){
this.msg = msg;
}
public String getKey() {
return key;
}
public void setKey(String key) {
this.key = key;
}
public String getAppid() {
return appid;
}
public void setAppid(String appid) {
this.appid = appid;
}
public String getMsg() {
return msg;
}
public void setMsg(String msg) {
this.msg = msg;
}
}初始响应参数
package model;
public class Response {
//初始化响应参数
private int code;
private String content;
public int getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(int code) {
this.code = code;
}
public String getContent() {
return content;
}
public void setContent(String content) {
this.content = content;
}
}4.封装Http工具类
package util;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class HttpUtils {
public static String request(String api ){//访问的静态方法
HttpURLConnection connection = null;//连接对象
int responseCode = 0;//响应码
try{
URL url = new URL(api);//获取api的URL对象
//获取对应的连接对象
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();//获取连接的响应码
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
if(200 <= responseCode && responseCode<=299){//正常响应
try(InputStream inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//获取输入流
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));//读取输入流中的内容
){
StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();//创建一个字符串对象,用于存储响应内容
String currentLine;
while ((currentLine = in.readLine())!= null){//逐行读取内容
response.append(currentLine);
}
String result = response.toString();
return result;
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return null;
}
}5.service业务层接口的定义与实现
接口
package service;
import model.Response;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
//定义一个业务服务接口
public interface RobotService {
Response qa(String msg) ;//问答接口传入请求的内容，返回响应的内容
}对应实现类
package service;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import model.Response;
import util.HttpUtils;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
//实现业务服务接口
public class QkyRobotServiceImpl implements RobotService {
//青云客api
private static final String apiTpl = "http://api.qingyunke.com/api.php?key=free&appid=0&msg=%s";
private static final Gson gson = new Gson();
@Override
public Response qa(String msg) {
String api = null;
try {
api = String.format(apiTpl, URLEncoder.encode(msg,"UTF-8") );//拼接请求的url
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
String result = HttpUtils.request(api);//通过Http工具类来发送请求
//可以做逻辑判断，比如null的时候，或者出错
Response response = gson.fromJson(result,Response.class);//将json字符串转化为Response对象
return response;
}
}6.实现核心入口类app main层
获取用户输入，调用请求方法
package app;
import model.Response;
import service.AliyunRobotServiceImpl;
import service.QkyRobotServiceImpl;
import service.RobotService;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
//定义请求实现类对象
private static final RobotService robotService = new QkyRobotServiceImpl();
public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception {
//1.获取用户输入
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("老板，麻烦您给我取个响亮的名称，按回车键确定！！！！");
String name = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.println("hi,我是您的小助手 "+name +", 直接对我下达指令");
//2.对不同输入作处理
while (true){
String input = scanner.nextLine();
if("886".equalsIgnoreCase(input)){
System.out.println("欢迎下次使用，拜拜");
break;
}else {
Response response = robotService.qa(input);//通过对象调用请求服务方法
if(response != null && response.getCode() == 0){//响应正常
System.out.println(name+":"+ new String(response.getContent().getBytes(),"UTF-8"));
}else {
System.out.println(name+": 暂时没明白您的意思，重新告诉我下吧");
}
}
}
scanner.close();
}
}7.项目打包
jar包方式
File -> Project Structure -> artifacts -> + -> jar -> from modules-> 选主类和第⼀一个单向按钮-》确定后会生成Manifest文件
勾选include in project build(不用)
菜单栏 build->build artifacts -> build java -jar xxx.jar
启动：在IDEA终端进入out----\artifacts----qa_project_jar再运行
java -jar qa-project.jar8.效果图
源码可以直接去gitee仓库