使用docker 创建MongoDB副本集配置完整指南

一、准备工作

bash 复制代码

mkdir mongodb-replica
cd mongodb-replica

bash 复制代码

mkdir scripts
mkdir data

二、生成密钥文件

生成MongoDB密钥文件

bash 复制代码

openssl rand -base64 756 > mongodb-keyfile
chmod 400 mongodb-keyfile

三、创建初始化脚本

创建setup.sh脚本

bash 复制代码

touch scripts/setup.sh
chmod +x scripts/setup.sh

编写setup.sh内容

bash 复制代码

#!/bin/bash
sleep 30 
mongosh --host mongo1:27017 -u root -p example --authenticationDatabase admin <<EOF
rs.initiate({
  _id: "myReplicaSet",
  members: [
    { _id: 0, host: "mongo1:27017" },
    { _id: 1, host: "mongo2:27017" },
    { _id: 2, host: "mongo3:27017" }
  ]
})
EOF

四、配置Docker Compose

创建docker-compose.yml文件

yaml 复制代码

version: '3.8'
services:
  mongo1:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongo1
    command: mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip 0.0.0.0 --keyFile /data/mongodb-keyfile
    networks:
      - mongo-replica
    ports:
      - "27017:27017"
    volumes:
      - ./data/mongo1:/data/db
      - ./mongodb-keyfile:/data/mongodb-keyfile:ro
    restart: always
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: example
    healthcheck:
      test: echo 'db.runCommand("ping").ok' | mongosh --quiet --eval "db.runCommand('ping').ok" localhost:27017/admin -u root -p example
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s

  mongo2:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongo2
    command: mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip 0.0.0.0 --keyFile /data/mongodb-keyfile
    networks:
      - mongo-replica
    ports:
      - "27018:27017"
    volumes:
      - ./data/mongo2:/data/db
      - ./mongodb-keyfile:/data/mongodb-keyfile:ro
    restart: always
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: example
    healthcheck:
      test: echo 'db.runCommand("ping").ok' | mongosh --quiet --eval "db.runCommand('ping').ok" localhost:27017/admin -u root -p example
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s
    depends_on:
      mongo1:
        condition: service_healthy

  mongo3:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongo3
    command: mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip 0.0.0.0 --keyFile /data/mongodb-keyfile
    networks:
      - mongo-replica
    ports:
      - "27019:27017"
    volumes:
      - ./data/mongo3:/data/db
      - ./mongodb-keyfile:/data/mongodb-keyfile:ro
    restart: always
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: example
    healthcheck:
      test: echo 'db.runCommand("ping").ok' | mongosh --quiet --eval "db.runCommand('ping').ok" localhost:27017/admin -u root -p example
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 3
      start_period: 30s
    depends_on:
      mongo1:
        condition: service_healthy

  mongo-setup:
    image: mongo:latest
    container_name: mongo-setup
    restart: on-failure
    networks:
      - mongo-replica
    depends_on:
      mongo1:
        condition: service_healthy
      mongo2:
        condition: service_healthy
      mongo3:
        condition: service_healthy
    volumes:
      - ./scripts:/scripts
      - ./mongodb-keyfile:/data/mongodb-keyfile:ro
    entrypoint: [ "bash", "/scripts/setup.sh" ]

networks:
  mongo-replica:
    driver: bridge

五、启动服务

启动MongoDB副本集

bash 复制代码

docker-compose up -d

查看服务状态

bash 复制代码

docker-compose ps

六、验证配置

检查副本集状态

bash 复制代码

docker exec mongo1 mongosh --eval "rs.status()" -u root -p example

测试写入操作

bash 复制代码

docker exec mongo1 mongosh -u root -p example --eval '
db = db.getSiblingDB("test");
db.test.insertOne({x: 1});
'

七、重要说明

端口映射

mongo1: 27017
mongo2: 27018
mongo3: 27019

认证信息

用户名：root
密码：example
认证数据库：admin

数据持久化

安全注意事项

密钥文件权限必须为400
生产环境建议修改默认密码
建议配置防火墙规则

八、常见问题处理

服务无法启动

检查端口占用
检查目录权限
检查密钥文件权限

副本集初始化失败

检查网络连接
检查认证信息
检查setup.sh脚本权限

数据同步问题

检查节点健康状态
检查网络连接
检查日志信息

九、维护建议

定期备份

使用mongodump进行数据备份
保存配置文件
记录集群状态

监控

监控节点状态
监控数据同步
监控系统资源

更新维护

定期更新MongoDB版本
检查安全补丁
优化配置参数