基础写法(类型安全)
typescript
// parent.component.vue
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
import type { InjectionKey } from 'vue'
// 1. 定义类型化的 InjectionKey
const COUNTER_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<number>
const USER_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<{ name: string }>
// 在 setup 中使用
setup() {
const counter = ref(0)
provide(COUNTER_KEY, counter) // 提供响应式数据
const user = { name: 'John' }
provide(USER_KEY, user) // 提供静态对象
return { counter }
}
typescript
// child.component.vue
import { inject } from 'vue'
import type { InjectionKey } from 'vue'
// 复用相同的 key
const COUNTER_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<number>
const USER_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<{ name: string }>
setup() {
// 2. 安全注入(带默认值)
const counter = inject(COUNTER_KEY, ref(0)) // 响应式数据
const user = inject(USER_KEY, { name: 'Guest' }) // 静态数据
// 3. 强制注入(当确定父级已提供时)
const forcedCounter = inject(COUNTER_KEY)!
return { counter, user }
}
<script setup>
语法糖写法
vue
<!-- Parent.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'
// 定义 key
const messageKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<string>
const message = ref('Hello from parent')
provide(messageKey, message)
</script>
vue
<!-- Child.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
const messageKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<string>
// 注入 + 类型声明
const message = inject(messageKey, 'default message')
// 处理可能 undefined 的情况
const safeMessage = inject(messageKey) ?? 'fallback value'
</script>
响应式对象注入
typescript
// types.ts
export interface User {
id: number
name: string
}
export const UserKey = Symbol() as InjectionKey<User>
vue
<!-- Parent.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { provide, reactive } from 'vue'
import { UserKey } from './types'
const user = reactive({
id: 1,
name: 'Alice'
})
provide(UserKey, user)
</script>
vue
<!-- Child.vue -->
<script setup lang="ts">
import { inject } from 'vue'
import { UserKey } from './types'
const user = inject(UserKey)
// 使用时需要处理可能 undefined 的情况
if (user) {
console.log(user.name) // 类型安全
}
</script>
最佳实践提醒:
-
使用
InjectionKey
:确保类型安全 -
默认值处理 :
inject(key, defaultValue)
-
响应式数据 :建议使用
ref
/reactive
保持响应性 -
代码组织:推荐将 keys 集中管理在单独文件中
-
安全判断 :当不确定是否已提供时,使用可选链操作符
?.
typescript
// 推荐的文件结构
// src/provides/keys.ts
import type { InjectionKey } from 'vue'
export const API_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<AxiosInstance>
export const THEME_KEY = Symbol() as InjectionKey<'light' | 'dark'>
typescript
TypeScript
// 祖先组件
// 提供函数给后代,获取受理样品选集
provide("provideApplySampleSelection", handleApplySampleSelectionChange);
// 获取受理样品表格勾选的行数据
const handleApplySampleSelectionChange = (newSelection: ApplySample[]) => {
//获取勾选行数据
applySampleTableSelection.value = newSelection;
// 控制按钮编辑状态
buttonDisabled();
};
// 提供数据给后代
// 受理样品列表
provide("applySampleList", applySampleTableData); // applySampleTableData是个Ref对象,不需要.value,传递ref对象本身(响应式数据)
// 受理类别
provide(
"acceptType",
computed(() => applyBasicInfo.value.acceptType) // applyBasicInfo.value.acceptType 是派生数据(属性数据),通过computed提供响应式数据
);
// 操作指令类型:新增删除:info-add;修改:info-modify;查看:info-view
provide("operateCommandType", ref("info-add"));
// 滚动到离顶部表头的距离
provide("scrollTop", applySampleTableScrollTop); // applySampleTableScrollTop是个Ref对象,不需要.value,传递ref对象本身(响应式数据)
// 后代组件
// 注入祖先提供的函数
const sendApplySampleSelection = inject("provideApplySampleSelection", (data: ApplySample[]) => {});
// 获取受理样品表格勾选的行数据
const handleApplySampleSelectionChange = (newSelection: ApplySample[]) => {
// 向祖先组件发送表格选集
sendApplySampleSelection(newSelection);
};
// 接收祖先提供的数据
// 受理样品列表
const applySampleList = inject<Ref<ApplySample[]>>("applySampleList", ref([]));
// 受理类别
const acceptType = inject<Ref<string>>("acceptType", ref(""));
// 操作指令类型:新增删除:info-add;修改:info-modify;查看:info-view
const operateCommandType = inject<Ref<"info-add" | "info-modify" | "info-view">>("operateCommandType", ref("info-add"));
// 滚动到离顶部表头的距离
const scrollTop = inject<Ref<number>>("scrollTop", ref(0));