ORACLE DATAGUARD遇到GAP增量恢复方式修复RAC环境备机的实践

Yushan Bai2025-04-25 12:56

ORACLE DATAGUARD技术是一个常用的数据保护机制，在DATAGUARD运行过程中，遇到异常导致备机不同步，而主库的归档日志也被清理，此时出现GAP，无法同步；就需要人工处理；对于小型数据库重新全量同步数据即可，但是对于大型数据库，通常建议是增量方式恢复，减少时间精力、网络、磁盘等资源的消耗，如下为一个RAC环境的备机增量恢复的过程：

1.查询备库SCN号及主备库数据文件信息

备库操作，备库取消归档应用，查询最小SCN号

SQL> select min(checkpoint_change#) from v$datafile_header

where file# not in (select file# from v$datafile where enabled = 'READ ONLY');

MIN(F.FHSCN)

75039049863

生产

SQL> select to_char(current_scn) from v$database;

SQL> select min(fhscn) from x$kcvfh;

SQL> select min(f.fhscn) from xkcvfh f,vdatafile d where f.hxfil=d.file# and d.enabled!='READ ONLY';

备库----------------------------------------------

SQL> select to_char(current_scn) from v$database;

SQL> select min(fhscn) from x$kcvfh;

SQL> select min(f.fhscn) from xkcvfh f,vdatafile d where f.hxfil=d.file# and d.enabled!='READ ONLY';

查完后查看最小值

查询主备库数据文件个数是否一致并记录备库数据文件路径

select file#, name from v$datafile order by file# ;

  1. 主库做RMAN的增量备份，scn号为查询出来的备库最小scn号

oracle@his01 rmanbak$ cat rman.sh

#!/bin/bash

BACKUP_PATH=/backup/rman_backup/

mkdir $BACKUP_PATH

source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

rman target / << EOF

run{

allocate channel d1 type disk;

allocate channel d2 type disk;

backup as compressed backupset datafile 60,61 format '/home/oracle/zlback/datafile_%U.bak' tag 'datafile';------若主库比备库多两个数据文件，执行这条命令。

BACKUP as compressed INCREMENTAL FROM SCN 75039049863 DATABASE FORMAT '/backup/hisbak/rmanbak/ForStandby_%U' tag 'FORSTANDBY';-----as compressed 为压缩参数

release channel d1;

release channel d2;

}

3.将备份好的备份集scp到备库

oracle@his01 rmanbak$ scp ForStandby_i* 192.168.10.35:/rmanbak/

4.备库注册备份集

RMAN> catalog start with '/rmanbak/';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

searching for all files that match the pattern /rmanbak/

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ic3kr2p0_38476_1_1

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ib3kr1ok_38475_1_1

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ia3kr1ok_38474_1_1

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ic3kr2p0_38476_1_1

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ib3kr1ok_38475_1_1

File Name: /rmanbak/ForStandby_ia3kr1ok_38474_1_1

5.使用增量备份集恢复备库

RMAN> recover database noredo;

Starting recover at 20-MAR-2025 20:14:28

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=304 instance=hisdb1 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=908 instance=hisdb1 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=2570 instance=hisdb1 device type=DISK

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4

channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=3174 instance=hisdb1 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/system01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00002: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/sysaux01.dbf

......

destination for restore of datafile 00074: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his.366.1186787373

destination for restore of datafile 00077: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his.369.1186787431

destination for restore of datafile 00080: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/undotbs2.396.1195663885

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/ForStandby_ia3kr1ok_38474_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00008: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/sysaux04.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00009: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00013: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his04.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00015: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his06.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00017: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his08.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00019: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his11.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00021: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his13.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00024: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his16.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00027: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his10.dbf

......

destination for restore of datafile 00075: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his.367.1186787375

destination for restore of datafile 00076: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his.368.1186787429

destination for restore of datafile 00078: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his_2025_0208.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00079: +DATADG/hisdb/datafile/undotbs1.395.1195663875

channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /rmanbak/ForStandby_ib3kr1ok_38475_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/rmanbak/ForStandby_ib3kr1ok_38475_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY

channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:20:46

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/rmanbak/ForStandby_ia3kr1ok_38474_1_1 tag=FORSTANDBY

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:28:16

Finished recover at 20-MAR-2025 20:42:46

RMAN> exit

恢复多出来的数据文件

RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/datafile_%U.bak';

RMAN> restore datafile 60,61;

6.恢复控制文件

SYS@hisdb1>shutdown immediate

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@hisdb1>startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 8.1068E+10 bytes

Fixed Size 37218536 bytes

Variable Size 1.3422E+10 bytes

Database Buffers 6.7377E+10 bytes

Redo Buffers 231215104 bytes

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/rmanbak/ForStandby_ic3kr2p0_38476_1_1';

Starting restore at 20-MAR-2025 21:38:01

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=908 instance=hisdb1 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

output file name=+DATADG/HISDB/CONTROLFILE/current.267.1196261129

Finished restore at 20-MAR-2025 21:38:03

7.catalog datafilecopy

hisdg01:/home/oracle$rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Mar 20 21:50:41 2025

Version 19.16.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

connected to target database: HISDB (DBID=1936455435, not open)

RMAN> catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/LOGMINER_TBS.261.1145745771';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/LOGMINER_TBS.397.1196189189';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL.278.1145744523';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL.297.1145740519';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL.401.1196189295';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.256.1152206447';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.257.1145737777';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.260.1145737775';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.262.1145737777';

......

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.347.1184327183';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.348.1184327185';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.349.1184327263';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.350.1184327263';

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/PORTAL_HIS.351.1184327263';

catalog datafilecusing target database control file instead of recovery catalog

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/logminer_tbs.261.1145745771 RECID=11 STAMP=1196286653

......

catalog datafilecopy '+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his09.dbf'

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/portal_his.394.1192550351 RECID=88 STAMP=1196286659

RMAN>

8.SWITCH DATABASE TO COPY;

RMAN> SWITCH DATABASE TO COPY;

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy "+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/system01.dbf"

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy "+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/sysaux01.dbf"

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy "+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/undotbs01.dbf"

........................

datafile 79 switched to datafile copy "+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/undotbs1.395.1195663875"

datafile 80 switched to datafile copy "+DATADG/hisdb/datafile/undotbs2.396.1195663885"

RMAN>

9.开启MRP进程

SYS@hisdb1>ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT USING CURRENT LOGFILE;

Database altered.

SYS@hisdb1>SYS@hisdb1>

PROCESS STATUS THREAD# SEQUENCE# BLOCK#

ARCH CLOSING 2 52552 36864

ARCH CLOSING 1 59424 51200

RFS IDLE 1 59425 24784

RFS IDLE 2 52553 44835

RFS RECEIVING 2 52265 126977

RFS RECEIVING 2 52264 57345

RFS RECEIVING 2 52263 436225

RFS RECEIVING 2 52335 14337

RFS RECEIVING 2 52334 221185

RFS RECEIVING 2 52333 348161

MRP0 APPLYING_LOG 2 52262 191805

11 rows selected.

10.第一次增量备份未备份至最新（可通过查找数据文件scn号找出最小scn号）

SYS@hisdb1>select file#,TO_CHAR(checkpoint_change#, 'FM999999999999999999999999') from v$datafile_header;

FILE# TO_CHAR(CHECKPOINT_CHANGE

1 75578048600

2 75578048600

3 75578048600

4 75578048600

5 75578048600

6 75578048600

7 75578048600

8 75578048600

9 75578048600

10 75578048600

11 75578048600

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