概述
本文主要是写Ubuntu22.04搭建MySQL8.0.26版本
环境信息
| IP | 系统 | 规格 |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0.0.10 | Ubuntu22.04 | 2c4g |
数据库服务安装步骤
下载前置依赖
# 下载libtinfo5、libnuma1依赖
[root@lb ~]# apt update -y && apt install -y libtinfo5 libnuma1服务下载
方式一：进入官网下载，并上传到宿主机中，适合离线环境
官网下载地址： https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
方式二：直接在宿主机中使用wget进行下载，适合宿主机联网环境
wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz服务解压并创建软链接
# 服务解压至家目录
[root@lb ~]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
# 创建软链接
[root@lb ~]# ln -s mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
# 查看
[root@lb ~]# ll | grep mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 35 May 1 15:43 mysql -> mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 May 1 15:43 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 914806904 Jul 2 2021 mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz配置环境变量
# /root/mysql/bin根据你安装的实际地址来进行替换
[root@lb ~]# echo 'export PATH=/root/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@lb ~]# source /etc/profile检查环境变量是否配置正确
[root@lb ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 8.0.26 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)创建MySQL的虚拟用户
[root@lb ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql创建数据存储目录，并修改目录的拥有者
[root@lb ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@lb ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql/data初始化数据库
# 初始化数据库，没有报错即代表成功
[root@lb ~]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --basedir=/root/mysql
2025-05-01T07:59:04.638615Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /root/mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.26) initializing of server in progress as process 132486
2025-05-01T07:59:04.656989Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2025-05-01T07:59:05.254538Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2025-05-01T07:59:05.950015Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2025-05-01T07:59:05.950635Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2025-05-01T07:59:06.009584Z 6 [Warning] [MY-010453] [Server] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.参数解释：
- --initialize-insecure：不安全的初始化，表示数据库启动后没有密码信息，
- --initialize：安全初始化，表示数据库启动后，会有默认的密码信息
- --user：指定用户
- --datadir：指定数据存储目录
- --basedir：指定MySQL安装的目录
数据库初始化成功之后数据目录会有以下文件
[root@lb ~]# ll /data/mysql/data/
total 177608
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 196608 May 1 15:59 '#ib_16384_0.dblwr'
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8585216 May 1 15:59 '#ib_16384_1.dblwr'
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 15:59 '#innodb_temp'/
drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 15:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 1 15:56 ../
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 May 1 15:59 auto.cnf
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 May 1 15:59 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 1 15:59 ca.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 1 15:59 client-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 May 1 15:59 client-key.pem
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5995 May 1 15:59 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 1 15:59 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 1 15:59 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 1 15:59 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 15:59 mysql/
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 26214400 May 1 15:59 mysql.ibd
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 15:59 performance_schema/
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 May 1 15:59 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 May 1 15:59 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 1 15:59 server-cert.pem
-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 May 1 15:59 server-key.pem
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 15:59 sys/
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 May 1 15:59 undo_001
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 16777216 May 1 15:59 undo_002编写MySQL配置文件
[root@lb ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
# 数据库文件的存储路径
datadir=/data/mysql/data
# 服务器监听的端口号
port=3306
# 字符集设置
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 排序规则
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
# 允许的最大连接数
max_connections=1000
# MySQL服务器的缓存大小，用于缓存数据和索引
innodb_buffer_pool_size=1G
# 日志文件的路径
log_error=/var/log/mysql/error.log
# 慢查询日志文件的路径
slow_query_log_file=/var/log/mysql/slow-query.log
# 开启慢查询日志，1表示开启，0表示关闭
slow_query_log=1
# 设定慢查询的时间阈值，单位为秒，超过此时间的查询将被记录到慢查询日志中
long_query_time=3
# 设置用户
user=mysql
# 设置socket连信息
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
[client]
# 客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
# MySQL命令行工具的默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8mb4创建日志目录
[root@lb ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/mysql/
[root@lb ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /var/log/mysql/修改MySQL安装目录中的启动文件
拷贝启动文件至/etc/init.d目录下
[root@lb ~]# cp /root/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@lb ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld修改启动文件的内容
vim /etc/init.d/mysqld
启动MySQL服务
# 没报错即代表启动成功
[root@lb ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting mysqld (via systemctl): mysqld.service.
# 检查端口号
[root@lb ~]# ss -lntup | grep 3306
tcp LISTEN 0 70 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=144896,fd=21))
tcp LISTEN 0 1000 *:3306 *:* users:(("mysqld",pid=144896,fd=24))修改root用户密码
[root@lb ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "huangsir"
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.登录MySQL服务
[root@lb ~]# mysql -uroot -phuangsir
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.0.26 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>远程连接MySQL
MySQL默认的root用户是无法远程登录的，所以我们需要创建一个用户用于远程登录
# 创建用户，10.0.0.0/24代表网段，只有在这个网段之内的IP才能连接数据库，密码设置为huangsir
mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'10.0.0.0/24' IDENTIFIED BY 'huangsir';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
# 授权，*.*代表所有的库和表
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'10.0.0.0/24' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
# 刷新权限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)使用navicat连接数据库测试
