在已部署 MySQL 5.7 的机器上部署 MySQL 8.0.35 的完整指南
在同一台服务器上部署多个 MySQL 版本需要谨慎规划,避免端口冲突和数据混淆。以下是详细的部署步骤:
一、规划配置
-
端口分配
- MySQL 5.7:使用默认端口 3306
- MySQL 8.0.35:使用新端口 3308(或其他未使用端口)
-
数据目录
- MySQL 5.7:保留原有数据目录(通常为
/var/lib/mysql
) - MySQL 8.0.35:创建新数据目录(如
/var/lib/mysql8
)
- MySQL 5.7:保留原有数据目录(通常为
-
配置文件
- MySQL 5.7:保留
/etc/my.cnf
- MySQL 8.0.35:创建新配置文件(如
/etc/mysql8/my.cnf
)
- MySQL 5.7:保留
二、安装 MySQL 8.0.35
将mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz包解压到/usr/local/mysql8/
bash
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/mysql8/ --strip-components=1
1.修改配置文件 /etc/mysql8/my.cnf
bash
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
port = 3308
basedir = /usr/local/mysql8
datadir = /var/lib/mysql8
socket = /var/lib/mysql8/mysql.sock
log-error = /var/lib/mysql8/error.log
pid-file = /var/lib/mysql8/mysqld.pid
# 完整功能配置
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=500
max_allowed_packet=5000M
innodb_default_row_format = DYNAMIC
innodb_file_per_table = ON
innodb_page_size = 32K
sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE"
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_log_file_size = 256M
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
2. 初始化数据库
bash
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/mysql8/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql
3.查看临时密码
bash
sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/lib/mysql8/error.log
4.新建启动脚本
bash
vi /etc/init.d/mysql8
bash
#!/bin/bash
# MySQL 8.0.35 init script
# chkconfig: 2345 64 36
# description: MySQL 8.0.35 Server
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: mysql8
# Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start and stop MySQL 8.0.35
# Description: MySQL 8.0.35 Server
### END INIT INFO
basedir=/usr/local/mysql8
datadir=/var/lib/mysql8
conf=/etc/mysql8/my.cnf
pid_file="$datadir/mysqld.pid"
socket="$datadir/mysql.sock"
user=mysql
lock_file="/var/lock/subsys/mysql8"
start() {
echo -n "Starting MySQL 8.0.35: "
if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then
read pid < "$pid_file"
return 0
fi
fi
$basedir/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file="$conf" --user="$user" >/dev/null 2>&1 &
sleep 3
if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then
echo "OK"
touch "$lock_file"
return 0
else
echo "FAILED"
return 1
fi
}
stop() {
echo -n "Stopping MySQL 8.0.35: "
if [ ! -f "$pid_file" ]; then
echo "not running"
return 0
fi
read pid < "$pid_file"
if [ ! -d "/proc/$pid" ]; then
echo "not running"
rm -f "$pid_file" "$lock_file"
return 0
fi
$basedir/bin/mysqladmin --defaults-file="$conf" --user=root --socket="$socket" -p'password' shutdown
sleep 3
if [ -d "/proc/$pid" ]; then
echo "FAILED"
return 1
else
echo "OK"
rm -f "$pid_file" "$lock_file"
return 0
fi
}
status() {
if [ -f "$pid_file" ]; then
read pid < "$pid_file"
if [ -d "/proc/$pid" ]; then
echo "MySQL 8.0.35 is running (PID: $pid)"
return 0
else
echo "MySQL 8.0.35 is not running, but PID file exists"
return 1
fi
else
echo "MySQL 8.0.35 is not running"
return 3
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
三. 修改外部可访问
启动mysql8
bash
/etc/init.d/mysql8 start
使用临时密码登录
bash
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3308 -u root -p'passwod'
修改密码为1234
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '1234';
刷新
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
查看发现只有本地可访问,修改可访问的主机为所有

update mysql.user set host = '%' where user ='root';

再次查看发现修改成功,同时刷新

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
四. 客户端兼容
-
MySQL 8.0 默认使用
caching_sha2_password
认证插件,若旧客户端(如 MySQL 5.7 客户端)连接失败,需修改认证方式:bashALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
五.数据库迁移脚本
数据库表和数据导出脚本
bash
vi /opt/export_script.sh
bash
#!/bin/bash
# MySQL 5.7 配置(root账户 + 明文密码)
SRC_USER="root"
SRC_PASSWORD="password"
SRC_HOST="localhost"
SRC_PORT="3306"
# 导出配置
BACKUP_DIR="/data/backup/mysql"
THREADS=8
mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
# 导出所有表结构
# 导出所有表结构(排除系统库)
mysqldump -u$SRC_USER -p$SRC_PASSWORD -h$SRC_HOST -P$SRC_PORT \
--no-data \
--databases $(mysql -u$SRC_USER -p$SRC_PASSWORD -h$SRC_HOST -P$SRC_PORT -N -e "SHOW DATABASES WHERE \`Database\` NOT IN ('information_schema', 'performance_schema', 'mysql', 'sys','dz','dzys_db','gfclimate2021','grid','northwind','testdemoapp','yww_meta','ywwsystem')") \
> $BACKUP_DIR/structure.sql
# 获取所有表名
TABLES=$(mysql -u$SRC_USER -p$SRC_PASSWORD -h$SRC_HOST -P$SRC_PORT -N -e "SELECT CONCAT(TABLE_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME) FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_SCHEMA NOT IN ('information_schema', 'performance_schema', 'mysql', 'sys','dz','dzys_db','gfclimate2021','grid','northwind','testdemoapp','yww_meta','ywwsystem')")
# 创建FIFO队列控制并发
FIFO="/tmp/export_fifo.$$"
mkfifo $FIFO
exec 3<>$FIFO
rm $FIFO
# 初始化线程池
for ((i=1; i<=$THREADS; i++)); do
echo >&3
done
# 并行导出每个表
for table in $TABLES; do
read -u 3
{
db=$(echo $table | cut -d. -f1)
tbl=$(echo $table | cut -d. -f2)
echo "导出 $table..."
mysqldump -u$SRC_USER -p$SRC_PASSWORD -h$SRC_HOST -P$SRC_PORT --no-create-info --single-transaction --quick $db $tbl | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/${db}@${tbl}.sql.gz
echo >&3
} &
done
wait
exec 3>&-
echo "数据导出完成!"
数据库表和数据导入脚本
bash
vi /opt/import_script.sh
bash
#!/bin/bash
# MySQL 8 配置(root账户 + 明文密码)
DST_USER="root"
DST_PASSWORD="password"
DST_HOST="127.0.0.1"
DST_PORT="3308"
# 导入配置
BACKUP_DIR="/data/backup/mysql"
THREADS=8
# 导入表结构(先禁用外键检查)
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql -u$DST_USER -p$DST_PASSWORD -h$DST_HOST -P$DST_PORT -e "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;"
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql -u$DST_USER -p$DST_PASSWORD -h$DST_HOST -P$DST_PORT < $BACKUP_DIR/structure.sql
/usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql -u$DST_USER -p$DST_PASSWORD -h$DST_HOST -P$DST_PORT -e "SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=1;"
# 获取所有备份文件
FILES=$(ls $BACKUP_DIR/*.sql.gz 2>/dev/null || true)
# 创建FIFO队列控制并发
FIFO="/tmp/import_fifo.$$"
mkfifo $FIFO
exec 3<>$FIFO
rm $FIFO
# 初始化线程池
for ((i=1; i<=$THREADS; i++)); do
echo >&3
done
# 并行导入每个表
for file in $FILES; do
[[ "$file" == *"structure.sql.gz" ]] && continue # 跳过结构文件
read -u 3
{
filename=$(basename $file)
db=$(echo $filename | cut -d@ -f1)
tbl=$(echo $filename | cut -d@ -f2 | cut -d. -f1)
echo "导入 $db.$tbl..."
gunzip -c $file | /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysql -u$DST_USER -p$DST_PASSWORD -h$DST_HOST -P$DST_PORT $db
echo >&3
} &
done
wait
exec 3>&-
echo "数据导入完成!"