every blog every motto: You can do more than you think.
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39190382?type=blog
0. 前言
商场收银软件为例
1. 基础版
python
total = 0
def click_ok(price,num):
tot = price * num
total += tot
print('合计:', total)
增加打折
python
total = 0
def click_ok(price,num,dis_num):
tot = price * num
total += tot
if dis_num == '0': # 正常收费
pass
elif dis_num == '8':
total *= 0.8
elif dis_num == '7':
total *= 0.7
elif dis_num == '5':
total *= 0.5
print('合计:', total)
2. 简单工厂

python
class cashSuper(ABC):
"""收取现金超类"""
@abstractmode
def acceptcash(money):
"""接收现金抽象类"""
pass
class cashNormal(cashSuper):
"""正常收费子类"""
def acceptcash(money):
return money
class cashRebate(cashSuper):
"""打折收费子类"""
def cash_rebate(rebate):
"""打折"""
self.rebate = rebate
def acceptcash(money):
return money * self.rebate
class cashReturn(cashSuper):
"""返利收费条件"""
def cash_return(condition, moneyreturn):
self.condition = condition # 返利条件
self.moneyreturn = moneyreturn
def accpetcash(money):
if money >= self.condition:
return money - (money-self.condition)*self.moneyreturn
return money
python
class CashFactory:
@staticmethod
def create_cash_accept(type_str) -> CashSuper:
cs = None
if type_str == "正常收费":
cs = CashNormal()
elif type_str == "满 300 返 100":
cr1 = CashReturn("300", "100")
cs = cr1
elif type_str == "打 8 折":
cr2 = CashRebate("0.8")
cs = cr2
return cs
3. 策略模式

python
class cashSuper(ABC):
"""收取现金超类"""
@abstractmode
def acceptcash(money):
"""接收现金抽象类"""
pass
class cashNormal(cashSuper):
"""正常收费子类"""
def acceptcash(money):
return money
class cashRebate(cashSuper):
"""打折收费子类"""
def cash_rebate(rebate):
"""打折"""
self.rebate = rebate
def acceptcash(money):
return money * self.rebate
class cashReturn(cashSuper):
"""返利收费条件"""
def cash_return(condition, moneyreturn):
self.condition = condition # 返利条件
self.moneyreturn = moneyreturn
def accpetcash(money):
if money >= self.condition:
return money - (money-self.condition)*self.moneyreturn
return money
python
class CashContext:
def __init__(self, cash_super:cashSuper):
self.cs = cash_super # 通过构造方法传入具体的收费策略
def get_result(self, money):
return self.cs.accept_cash(money) # 根据收费策略计算结果
需要再客户端判断哪种收费方式,可进行如下修改
4. 策略和简单工厂结合
这样就不用再客户端里面写分类代码了。
python
# 上下文类
class CashContext:
def __init__(self, type: str):
self.cs = None
if type == "正常收费":
self.cs = CashNormal()
elif type == "满 300 返 100":
self.cs = CashReturn("300", "100")
elif type == "打 8 折":
self.cs = CashRebate("0.8")
else:
raise ValueError("无效的收费类型")
def get_result(self, money: float) -> float:
return self.cs.accept_cash(money)
5. 简单工厂 VS 策略和简单工厂结合
客户端
简单工厂
python
# 客户端代码
from cash_factory import CashFactory, CashSuper # 必须导入父类 CashSuper
type = "满 300 返 100"
money = 350
# 客户端需要显式调用工厂,并知道返回的是 CashSuper 类型
csuper = CashFactory.create_cash_accept(type) # 客户端知道 CashSuper 存在
result = csuper.accept_cash(money) # 客户端需了解 accept_cash() 方法
策略和简单工厂结合
python
# 客户端代码
from cash_context import CashContext # 仅需导入 CashContext
type = "满 300 返 100"
money = 350
# 客户端只需与 CashContext 交互
csuper = CashContext(type) # 完全隐藏 CashSuper 和 CashFactory
result = csuper.get_result(money) # 统一方法名,隐藏具体实现
在简单工厂中,工厂方法的返回值类型是 CashSuper,客户端必须:
-
知道 CashSuper 是抽象父类
-
知道调用 accept_cash() 方法(如 csuper.accept_cash(money))
而策略+工厂模式通过 CashContext 封装了工厂和策略的细节,客户端只需调用统一的 get_result()。
小结:
-
简单工厂的耦合体现在:客户端需直接操作 CashSuper 的接口
-
策略+工厂的改进:通过 CashContext 屏蔽底层细节,使客户端更纯粹