docker安装mysql数据库及简单使用

一、docker环境检查

- 1、检查docker运行环境

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[root@lyx ~]# docker version
[root@lyx ~]# systemctl status docker

二、部署mysql数据库

1、拉取mysql数据库镜像

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[root@lyx ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.36

2、在宿主机创建目录实现数据的持久化

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[root@lyx ~]# mkdir -pv /root/data/mysql/{conf,data,log}
[root@lyx ~]# tree data
data
└── mysql
    ├── conf
    ├── data
    └── log

3、部署服务

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[root@lyx ~]# docker run -d --name mysql --restart=always --privileged=true -v /root/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql -v /root/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /root/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:8.0.36-oracle

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命令行参数解释：
-d：后台运行mysql容器
--name mysql：容器的名称是mysql
--restart=always：总是和docker启动
--privileged=true：获取宿主机root权限
-v /root/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql：映射日志目录（宿主机目录:容器目录）
-v /root/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql：映射数据目录（宿主机目录:容器目录）
-v /root/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d：映射配置目录（宿主机目录:容器目录）
-v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro：容器时间与宿主机时间同步
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456：指定mysql环境变量，root用户名密码为123456（自定义）
mysql:8.0.36-oracle：使用的镜像名称

4、查看容器的运行状态

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[root@lyx ~]# docker ps -a | grep mysql
0acf0b68336c   mysql:8.0.36-oracle                                           "docker-entrypoint.s..."   21 minutes ago   Up 21 minutes         3306/tcp, 33060/tcp                         mysql

5、登录数据库

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[root@lyx ~]# docker exec -it mysql bash
bash-4.4# mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.36 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

三、数据库简单使用

1、检查当前数据库用户情况

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mysql> select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;

2、创建用户
2.1、创建本地登录用户

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mysql> create user lv@'localhost' identified by '123321';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

2.2、创建远程登录用户

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mysql> create user ya@'192.168.16.%' identified by '456654';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

3、用户登录

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bash-4.4# mysql -u lv -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 12
Server version: 8.0.36 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2024, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

4、检查当前登录用户

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mysql> select user();
+--------------+
| user()       |
+--------------+
| lv@localhost |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)

5、删除用户

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mysql> drop user ya@'192.168.16.%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

6、给用户授权

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mysql> grant Alter,Create,Delete,Drop,Insert,Select,Update on mysql.* to lv@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.08 sec)

7、检查用户权限

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mysql> show grants for lv@'localhost';
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for lv@localhost                                                                    |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `lv`@`localhost`                                                     |
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, ALTER ON `mysql`.* TO `lv`@`localhost` |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

8、回收权限

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mysql> revoke Select on mysql.* from lv@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)