java使用UCanAccess操作Access

简介

使用UCanAccess并进行封装，通过反射、注解的方式构建目标数据，便捷创建表、写入数据、查询数据。

Maven依赖

xml 复制代码

<dependency>
    <groupId>net.sf.ucanaccess</groupId>
    <artifactId>ucanaccess</artifactId>
    <version>5.0.1</version>
</dependency>

使用实例

建表

java 复制代码

AccessUtil.createTable(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class);

插入数据

java 复制代码

AccessUtil.insert(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class, list);

查询数据

java 复制代码

List<HonyeeAccessDO> all = AccessUtil.listAll(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class);

完整代码

HonyeeAccessDO

java 复制代码

import lombok.Data;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;

@Data
public class HonyeeAccessDO {


    @AccessTableField(value = "ID")
    private String id;

    @AccessTableField(value = "Name")
    private String name;

    @AccessTableField(value = "Remark", jdbcType = JdbcType.LONGVARCHAR)
    private String remark;
}

AccessTableField

java 复制代码

import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

/**
 * Access 字段标识
 */
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE})

public @interface AccessTableField {
    String value() default "";

    JdbcType jdbcType() default JdbcType.UNDEFINED;
}

AccessUtil

java 复制代码

import com.jhtech.cloud.server.boot.exception.ApplicationException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.ibatis.type.JdbcType;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class AccessUtil {
    /**
     * 创建表结构
     * @param conn access连接
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param clz 表模型对应的类
     */
    public static <T> void createTable(Connection conn, String tableName, Class<T> clz) throws SQLException {
        try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
            String sql = formatCreateSql(tableName, clz);
            stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        }
    }

    private static <T> String formatCreateSql(String tableName, Class<T> clz) {
        List<String> fieldSqlList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Field field : clz.getDeclaredFields()) {
            AccessTableField ann = field.getAnnotation(AccessTableField.class);
            if (ann == null) {
                throw new ApplicationException(String.format("字段缺少注解@TableField: %s.%s", clz.getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
            }

            // 默认包含自增ID，无需手动添加
            if ("ID".equalsIgnoreCase(ann.value())) {
                continue;
            }

            String fieldType = "";
            Class<?> type = field.getType();
            JdbcType jdbcType = ann.jdbcType();
            if (type == String.class) {
                fieldType = "TEXT(255)";
                if (jdbcType == JdbcType.LONGNVARCHAR) {
                    fieldType = "MEMO";
                }
            } else if (type == Integer.class) {
                fieldType = "INTEGER";
            } else if (type == Long.class) {
                fieldType = "LONG";
            } else if (type == Float.class) {
                fieldType = "DOUBLE";
            } else if (type == Double.class) {
                fieldType = "DOUBLE";
            } else if (type == BigDecimal.class) {
                fieldType = "DOUBLE";
            } else {
                log.warn("字段输出类型未定义: {}.{}", clz.getSimpleName(), field.getName());
                fieldType = "VARCHAR(255)";
            }

            fieldSqlList.add(String.format("%s %s", ann.value(), fieldType));
        }

        if (fieldSqlList.isEmpty()) {
            throw new ApplicationException("没有字段可输出");
        }
        String createTableSql = String.format(
                "CREATE TABLE [%s] (\n" +
                        "    ID COUNTER PRIMARY KEY,\n" +
                        "\t%s\n" +
                        ");",
                tableName, String.join(",\n\t", fieldSqlList));
        return createTableSql;
    }

    /**
     * 插入数据
     * @param conn access连接
     * @param tableName 表名
     * @param clz 表模型对应的类
     * @param list 数据
     */
    public static <T> void insert(Connection conn, String tableName, Class<T> clz, List<T> list) throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException {
        List<String> fieldNameList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<String> fieldNamePlaceholderList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Field field : clz.getDeclaredFields()) {
            AccessTableField ann = field.getAnnotation(AccessTableField.class);
            if (ann == null) {
                throw new ApplicationException(String.format("字段缺少注解@AccessTableField: %s.%s", clz.getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
            }
            fieldNameList.add(ann.value());
            fieldNamePlaceholderList.add("?");
        }
        String insertSql = String.format("INSERT INTO [%s] (%s) VALUES (%s)", tableName, String.join(", ", fieldNameList), String.join(", ", fieldNamePlaceholderList));

        try (PreparedStatement ps = conn.prepareStatement(insertSql)) {
            for (T t : list) {
                int i = 1;
                for (Field field : clz.getDeclaredFields()) {
                    Class<?> type = field.getType();
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    if (type == String.class) {
                        ps.setString(i++, (String) field.get(t));
                    } else if (type == Integer.class) {
                        ps.setInt(i++, (Integer) field.get(t));
                    } else if (type == Long.class) {
                        ps.setLong(i++, (Long) field.get(t));
                    } else if (type == Float.class) {
                        ps.setFloat(i++, (Float) field.get(t));
                    } else if (type == Double.class) {
                        ps.setDouble(i++, (Double) field.get(t));
                    } else if (type == BigDecimal.class) {
                        ps.setBigDecimal(i++, (BigDecimal) field.get(t));
                    } else {
                        log.warn("字段输出类型未定义: {}.{}", clz.getSimpleName(), field.getName());
                        Object val = field.get(t);
                        if (val == null) {
                            ps.setString(i++, null);
                        } else {
                            ps.setString(i++, field.get(t).toString());
                        }
                    }
                }
                ps.executeUpdate();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 查询全部
     */
    public static <T> List<T> listAll(Connection conn, String tableName, Class<T> clz) throws SQLException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
        List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();

        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);

        Map<Field, AccessTableField> fieldMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (Field field : clz.getDeclaredFields()) {
            AccessTableField ann = field.getAnnotation(AccessTableField.class);
            if (ann == null) {
                throw new ApplicationException(String.format("字段缺少注解@AccessTableField: %s.%s", clz.getSimpleName(), field.getName()));
            }
            fieldMap.put(field, ann);
        }

        T t = clz.newInstance();
        while (rs.next()) {
            for (Map.Entry<Field, AccessTableField> entry : fieldMap.entrySet()) {
                Field field = entry.getKey();
                AccessTableField ann = entry.getValue();
                Object value = getValue(rs, field, ann);
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(t, value);
            }
            list.add(t);
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 获取值
     */
    private static <T> Object getValue(ResultSet rs, Field field, AccessTableField ann) throws SQLException {
        Class<?> type = field.getType();

        if (type == String.class) {
            return rs.getString(ann.value());
        } else if (type == Integer.class) {
            return rs.getInt(ann.value());
        } else if (type == Long.class) {
            return rs.getLong(ann.value());
        } else if (type == Float.class) {
            return rs.getFloat(ann.value());
        } else if (type == Double.class) {
            return rs.getDouble(ann.value());
        } else if (type == BigDecimal.class) {
            return rs.getBigDecimal(ann.value());
        }
        log.warn("字段输出类型未定义: {}", field.getName());
        return null;
    }
}

完整调用示例

java 复制代码

import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.Database;
import com.healthmarketscience.jackcess.DatabaseBuilder;

import java.io.File;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        String dir = "d://";
        String fileName = "honyee.accdb";
        File file = new File(dir, fileName);
        // 加载驱动（其实不太需要，有自动加载机制）
        Class.forName("net.ucanaccess.jdbc.UcanaccessDriver");
        // 创建空的 Access 数据库文件，选择合适的版本
        DatabaseBuilder.create(Database.FileFormat.V2016, file).close();
        String connectPath = String.format("jdbc:ucanaccess://%s", file.getAbsolutePath());
        // 连接到新创建的数据库
        try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(connectPath)) {
            String tableName = "Honyee_Table_Name";
            // 1.建表
            AccessUtil.createTable(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class);

            List<HonyeeAccessDO> list = new ArrayList<>();
            HonyeeAccessDO d = new HonyeeAccessDO();
            d.setName("Honyee");
            d.setRemark("备注");
            list.add(d);

            // 2. 插入数据
            AccessUtil.insert(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class, list);

            // 3. 查询数据
            {
                List<HonyeeAccessDO> all = AccessUtil.listAll(conn, tableName, HonyeeAccessDO.class);
                System.out.println(all.get(0));
            }

            // 3. 查询数据-基础方式
            Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
            {
                ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from " + tableName);
                while (rs.next()) {
                    // 假设表中有ID和Name列，根据实际情况调整
                    int id = rs.getInt("id");
                    String name = rs.getString("Name");
                    String remark = rs.getString("Remark");
                    System.out.println("ID: " + id + ", Name: " + name + ", Remark: " + remark);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}