SpringBoot 3.x 开发环境搭建
🎯 环境要求
在开始SpringBoot 3.x开发之前,我们需要准备以下开发环境:
必需组件
组件 | 版本要求 | 推荐版本 |
---|---|---|
JDK | 17+ | JDK 21 LTS |
Maven | 3.6.3+ | 3.9.x |
Gradle | 7.5+ | 8.x |
IDE | 支持Java 17+ | IntelliJ IDEA 2023+ |
☕ JDK安装与配置
1. 下载JDK
推荐使用以下JDK发行版:
- Oracle JDK : 官方下载
- OpenJDK : AdoptOpenJDK
- Amazon Corretto : AWS Corretto
2. 安装JDK
Windows安装
bash
# 下载msi安装包,双击安装
# 或使用Chocolatey
choco install openjdk17
# 或使用Scoop
scoop install openjdk17
macOS安装
bash
# 使用Homebrew
brew install openjdk@17
# 设置JAVA_HOME
echo 'export JAVA_HOME=/opt/homebrew/opt/openjdk@17' >> ~/.zshrc
Linux安装
bash
# Ubuntu/Debian
sudo apt update
sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk
# CentOS/RHEL
sudo yum install java-17-openjdk-devel
3. 验证安装
bash
java -version
javac -version
期望输出:
openjdk version "17.0.8" 2023-07-18
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 17.0.8+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 17.0.8+7-Ubuntu-1ubuntu122.04, mixed mode, sharing)
🔧 构建工具配置
Maven配置
1. 下载安装Maven
bash
# Windows (Chocolatey)
choco install maven
# macOS (Homebrew)
brew install maven
# Linux
sudo apt install maven # Ubuntu/Debian
sudo yum install maven # CentOS/RHEL
2. 配置settings.xml
xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
<!-- 本地仓库路径 -->
<localRepository>D:/maven/repository</localRepository>
<!-- 镜像配置 -->
<mirrors>
<mirror>
<id>aliyun</id>
<name>Aliyun Maven</name>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
<!-- 配置文件 -->
<profiles>
<profile>
<id>jdk-17</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
<jdk>17</jdk>
</activation>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>17</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>
</properties>
</profile>
</profiles>
</settings>
Gradle配置
1. 安装Gradle
bash
# Windows (Chocolatey)
choco install gradle
# macOS (Homebrew)
brew install gradle
# 或使用Gradle Wrapper (推荐)
./gradlew wrapper --gradle-version 8.4
2. 配置gradle.properties
properties
# 全局配置文件位置: ~/.gradle/gradle.properties
# JVM参数
org.gradle.jvmargs=-Xmx2048m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m
# 并行构建
org.gradle.parallel=true
# 构建缓存
org.gradle.caching=true
# 配置仓库镜像
systemProp.maven.repo.central=https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/central
💻 IDE配置
IntelliJ IDEA配置
1. 下载安装
- IntelliJ IDEA官网
- 推荐使用Ultimate版本(学生可免费使用)
2. 配置JDK
File -> Project Structure -> Project Settings -> Project
- Project SDK: 选择JDK 17+
- Project language level: 17 - Sealed types, always-strict floating-point semantics
3. 配置Maven
File -> Settings -> Build, Execution, Deployment -> Build Tools -> Maven
- Maven home directory: 指向Maven安装目录
- User settings file: 指向settings.xml文件
- Local repository: 指向本地仓库目录
4. 安装有用的插件
File -> Settings -> Plugins
推荐插件:
- Spring Boot
- Lombok
- MyBatis Log Plugin
- Rainbow Brackets
- GitToolBox
VS Code配置
1. 安装扩展
json
{
"recommendations": [
"vscjava.vscode-java-pack",
"vmware.vscode-spring-boot",
"gabrielbb.vscode-lombok",
"redhat.java",
"vscjava.vscode-maven"
]
}
2. 配置settings.json
json
{
"java.home": "/path/to/jdk-17",
"java.configuration.runtimes": [
{
"name": "JavaSE-17",
"path": "/path/to/jdk-17"
}
],
"maven.executable.path": "/path/to/maven/bin/mvn"
}
🚀 创建第一个项目
使用Spring Initializr
1. 在线创建
配置项目:
Project: Maven Project
Language: Java
Spring Boot: 3.2.x
Group: com.example
Artifact: demo
Name: demo
Description: Demo project for Spring Boot
Package name: com.example.demo
Packaging: Jar
Java: 17
2. 命令行创建
bash
curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
-d dependencies=web,data-jpa,h2 \
-d type=maven-project \
-d language=java \
-d bootVersion=3.2.0 \
-d baseDir=demo \
-d groupId=com.example \
-d artifactId=demo \
-o demo.zip
unzip demo.zip
cd demo
3. IDE集成创建
IntelliJ IDEA:
File -> New -> Project -> Spring Initializr
VS Code:
Ctrl+Shift+P -> Spring Initializr: Generate a Maven Project
验证环境
创建简单的Controller测试:
java
package com.example.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
@RestController
class HelloController {
@GetMapping("/hello")
public String hello() {
return "Hello SpringBoot 3.x!";
}
}
运行应用:
bash
./mvnw spring-boot:run
访问测试:
bash
curl http://localhost:8080/hello
🔍 常见问题解决
1. JDK版本问题
bash
# 检查当前Java版本
java -version
# 设置JAVA_HOME环境变量
export JAVA_HOME=/path/to/jdk-17
2. Maven依赖下载慢
xml
<!-- 使用阿里云镜像 -->
<mirror>
<id>aliyun</id>
<url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
3. IDE无法识别SpringBoot项目
- 确保安装了SpringBoot插件
- 重新导入Maven/Gradle项目
- 清理并重新构建项目
📋 环境检查清单
- JDK 17+安装并配置
- Maven/Gradle安装并配置
- IDE安装并配置插件
- 网络连接正常(下载依赖)
- 创建测试项目成功
- 应用启动正常
- 接口访问正常
🔗 下一篇
环境搭建完成后,下一篇我们将创建第一个完整的SpringBoot 3.x应用,并深入了解项目结构。
本文关键词: 开发环境, JDK17, Maven, Gradle, IntelliJ IDEA, Spring Initializr