鸿蒙音频录制方式总结

HarmonyOS 音频录制「一条龙」指南

（ArkTS／C++／NDK C 三种方式一次看齐）

选型速览表

层级	核心 API	语言	输出	延迟	典型场景	代码量
应用层	AVRecorder / AudioCapturer	ArkTS	文件 / Stream	高/中	UI直接调用、录音笔	少
C++层	oboe::AudioStreamBuilder	C++17	PCM 回调	低	游戏、实时语音	中
NDK层	OH_AudioCapturer	C	PCM 回调	极低	编解码器、专业工具	中

ArkTS（应用层）

2.1 普通文件录制（AVRecorder）

ts 复制代码

// FileRecordPage.ets
import media from '@ohos.multimedia.media';

@Entry @Component struct FileRecordPage {
  private recorder?: media.AVRecorder;
  private path = getContext().filesDir + '/audio.aac';

  async start() {
    this.recorder = await media.createAVRecorder();
    const fd = fileio.openSync(this.path, 0o100 | 0o2);
    const cfg: media.AVRecorderConfig = {
      audioSourceType: media.AudioSourceType.AUDIO_SOURCE_TYPE_MIC,
      profile: { audioBitrate: 128000, audioChannels: 2, audioCodec: media.CodecMimeType.AUDIO_AAC, audioSampleRate: 48000 },
      url: `fd://${fd}`
    };
    await this.recorder.prepare(cfg);
    await this.recorder.start();
  }

  async stop() {
    await this.recorder?.stop();
    await this.recorder?.release();
  }

  build() {
    Column({ space: 20 }) {
      Button('开始').onClick(() => this.start());
      Button('停止').onClick(() => this.stop());
    }.padding(20);
  }
}

2.2 低延迟内存流（AudioCapturer）

ts 复制代码

// StreamRecordPage.ets
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';

@Entry @Component struct StreamRecordPage {
  private capturer?: audio.AudioCapturer;
  private isCapturing = false;

  async start() {
    const stream: audio.AudioStreamInfo = {
      samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,
      channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_1,
      sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,
      encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW
    };
    this.capturer = await audio.createAudioCapturer(stream, {
      source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC
    });
    await this.capturer.start();
    this.isCapturing = true;

    while (this.isCapturing) {
      const data = await this.capturer.read(4096, true);
      // TODO: 实时发送或处理 data.buffer
    }
  }

  async stop() {
    this.isCapturing = false;
    await this.capturer?.stop();
    await this.capturer?.release();
  }

  build() { /* 同上 */ }
}

2.3 多轨混合录制

需要额外声明 CAPTURE_AUDIO_PLAYBACK 权限

读取麦克风 + 系统回环，两路 PCM 自行混音即可。

C++ 层（Oboe）

3.1 CMakeLists.txt（模块级）

cmake 复制代码

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
find_package(oboe REQUIRED PATHS ${OHOS_SYSROOT}/usr/lib)
add_library(record SHARED record.cpp)
target_link_libraries(record oboe log)

3.2 record.cpp

cpp 复制代码

#include <oboe/Oboe.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <chrono>
#include <thread>

class Callback : public oboe::AudioStreamCallback {
public:
    explicit Callback(std::ofstream& f) : fout_(f) {}
    oboe::DataCallbackResult
    onAudioReady(oboe::AudioStream* s, void* data, int32_t frames) override {
        fout_.write(static_cast<char*>(data),
                    frames * s->getChannelCount() * sizeof(int16_t));
        return oboe::DataCallbackResult::Continue;
    }
private:
    std::ofstream& fout_;
};

extern "C" void start_oboe_record() {
    std::ofstream pcm("/data/storage/el2/base/hfiles/oboe.pcm", std::ios::binary);
    Callback cb(pcm);

    oboe::AudioStreamBuilder b;
    b.setDirection(oboe::Direction::Input)
     ->setSampleRate(48000)
     ->setChannelCount(oboe::ChannelCount::Mono)
     ->setFormat(oboe::AudioFormat::I16)
     ->setPerformanceMode(oboe::PerformanceMode::LowLatency)
     ->setCallback(&cb);

    oboe::AudioStream* stream = nullptr;
    if (b.openStream(&stream) == oboe::Result::OK) {
        stream->requestStart();
        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(5));
        stream->requestStop();
        stream->close();
    }
}

NDK C 层（OHAudio）

4.1 oh_record.c

c 复制代码

#include <ohaudio/native_audio_capturer.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>

static FILE* gFile;
static OH_AudioCapturer* gCapturer;

static void OnData(OH_AudioCapturer* c, void* user, void* buffer, int32_t len) {
    fwrite(buffer, 1, len, gFile);
}

void start_oh_record() {
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder* b;
    OH_AudioCapturer_CreateBuilder(&b);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_SetSamplingRate(b, 48000);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_SetChannelCount(b, 1);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_SetSampleFormat(b, AUDIO_SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_SetCapturerInfoCallback(b, OnData, NULL);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_GenerateCapturer(b, &gCapturer);
    OH_AudioCapturerBuilder_Destroy(b);

    gFile = fopen("/data/storage/el2/base/hfiles/oh.pcm", "wb");
    OH_AudioCapturer_Start(gCapturer);

    sleep(5);

    OH_AudioCapturer_Stop(gCapturer);
    OH_AudioCapturer_Destroy(gCapturer);
    fclose(gFile);
}

4.2 CMakeLists.txt

cmake 复制代码

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.16)
project(oh_record)
add_library(oh_record SHARED oh_record.c)
target_link_libraries(oh_record ohaudio)

权限与编译
module.json5（通用）

json5 复制代码

"reqPermissions": [
  "ohos.permission.MICROPHONE",
  "ohos.permission.CAPTURE_AUDIO_PLAYBACK" // 仅多轨/系统回环需要
]

编译

ArkTS：DevEco Studio 一键运行
C++ / NDK：

bash 复制代码

cd entry/src/main/cpp
cmake -B build -DOHOS_STL=c++_static
cmake --build build

生成的 .so 会自动打包进 hap。

一句话总结

业务 App 直接 ArkTS → 文件 or Stream；
游戏/实时 → C++ Oboe；
极限延迟 → NDK OHAudio。

全部代码复制即可跑，至此「录制」全家桶完毕。