前言
本文以 OpenZeppelin 5.x 最新组件为基础,用 Hardhat 完成「合约 → 编译 → 测试 → 部署」全链路流程。解决 openzeppelin V5 在 0.8.24 环境下易出现的编译失败的解决方案;示范了零托管的现场分账逻辑:版税、平台费、卖家收益一次性链上清算,合约不留余额,安全又省 Gas。
前期准备
- 启动本地节点 :npx hardhat node
- 想要快速验证合约,可以把合约放在Remix IDE,节省环境配置环节
合约编译
特别说明
:针对代码中使用openzeppelin V5会出现编译失败问题- 解决方法 :在hardhat.config.json进行以下设置
java
module.exports = {
solidity:{
version: "0.8.24",
settings: {
evmVersion: "cancun",//处理问题的关键代码
}
},
//其他设置......
}
核心代码
ini
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
/*
OpenZeppelin ^5.4.0
无需 PullPayment / EscrowPayment
*/
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/IERC721.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/common/ERC2981.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuardTransient.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Pausable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/access/Ownable.sol";
contract OZMarketplace is
ReentrancyGuardTransient,
Pausable,
Ownable
{
/* ===== 事件 ===== */
event Listed(uint256 indexed tokenId, address indexed seller, uint256 price);
event Delisted(uint256 indexed tokenId);
event Sold(uint256 indexed tokenId, address buyer, address seller, uint256 price);
/* ===== 结构 ===== */
struct Listing {
address seller;
uint256 price;
}
/* ===== 常量 & 状态 ===== */
IERC721 public immutable NFT;
uint96 public feeBps = 250; // 2.5 %
uint96 public constant FEE_DENOMINATOR = 10_000;
mapping(uint256 tokenId => Listing) private _listings;
constructor(address _nft, address initialOwner) Ownable(initialOwner) {
NFT = IERC721(_nft);
}
/* ===== 管理函数 ===== */
function pause() external onlyOwner {
_pause();
}
function unpause() external onlyOwner {
_unpause();
}
function setFeeBps(uint96 _feeBps) external onlyOwner {
require(_feeBps <= FEE_DENOMINATOR, "fee > 100%");
feeBps = _feeBps;
}
/* ===== 挂单 ===== */
function list(uint256 tokenId, uint256 price) external whenNotPaused {
require(price > 0, "Price zero");
require(NFT.ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "Not owner");
require(
NFT.isApprovedForAll(msg.sender, address(this)) ||
NFT.getApproved(tokenId) == address(this),
"Not approved"
);
require(_listings[tokenId].seller == address(0), "Listed");
_listings[tokenId] = Listing(msg.sender, price);
emit Listed(tokenId, msg.sender, price);
}
/* ===== 撤单 ===== */
function delist(uint256 tokenId) external whenNotPaused {
Listing memory l = _listings[tokenId];
require(l.seller == msg.sender, "Not seller");
delete _listings[tokenId];
emit Delisted(tokenId);
}
/* ===== 购买(现场转账,无托管) ===== */
function buy(uint256 tokenId)
external
payable
whenNotPaused
nonReentrant
{
Listing memory l = _listings[tokenId];
require(l.seller != address(0), "Not listed");
require(msg.value == l.price, "Wrong value");
delete _listings[tokenId];
/* 版税 & 手续费计算 */
(address royaltyReceiver, uint256 royaltyAmount) =
ERC2981(address(NFT)).royaltyInfo(tokenId, l.price);
uint256 feeAmount = (l.price * feeBps) / FEE_DENOMINATOR;
uint256 sellerAmount = l.price - royaltyAmount - feeAmount;
/* 现场转账 ------ 合约不留余额 */
if (royaltyAmount > 0) {
(bool okRoyalty, ) = royaltyReceiver.call{value: royaltyAmount}("");
require(okRoyalty, "Royalty fail");
}
if (feeAmount > 0) {
(bool okFee, ) = owner().call{value: feeAmount}("");
require(okFee, "Fee fail");
}
(bool okSeller, ) = l.seller.call{value: sellerAmount}("");
require(okSeller, "Seller fail");
NFT.transferFrom(l.seller, msg.sender, tokenId);
emit Sold(tokenId, msg.sender, l.seller, l.price);
}
/* ===== 查询 ===== */
function getListing(uint256 tokenId)
external
view
returns (address seller, uint256 price)
{
Listing memory l = _listings[tokenId];
return (l.seller, l.price);
}
}
合约编译 :npx hardat compile
合约测试
测试流程说明:
-
完整挂单-购买流程
-
NFT 归属:addr1 → addr2
-
资金:
- 版税 5% → deployer
- 平台费 2.5% → deployer
- 剩余 92.5% → addr1
测试代码
javascript
const {ethers,getNamedAccounts,deployments} = require("hardhat");
const { assert,expect } = require("chai");
describe("OZMarketplace",function(){
let SimpleClosedNFT;//合约
let OZMarketplace;//合约
let addr1;
let addr2;
let firstAccount//第一个账户
let secondAccount//第二个账户
// let mekadate='ipfs://QmQT8VpmWQVhUhoDCEK1mdHXaFaJ3KawkRxHm96GUhrXLB';
// let mekadate1="ipfs://QmXzbsbjpWpbSGJkgGzmk6r6HLz1nvjpEtjFR6bVhMh3U9"
beforeEach(async function(){
await deployments.fixture(["SimpleClosedNFT","OZMarketplace"]);
[addr1,addr2]=await ethers.getSigners();
firstAccount=(await getNamedAccounts()).firstAccount;
secondAccount=(await getNamedAccounts()).secondAccount;
const SimpleClosedNFTDeployment = await deployments.get("SimpleClosedNFT");
SimpleClosedNFT = await ethers.getContractAt("SimpleClosedNFT",SimpleClosedNFTDeployment.address);//已经部署的合约交互
const OZMarketplaceDeployment = await deployments.get("OZMarketplace");
OZMarketplace = await ethers.getContractAt("OZMarketplace",OZMarketplaceDeployment.address);//已经部署的合约交互
})
describe("OZMarketplace",function(){
it("把nft挂单-购买流程",async ()=>{
//铸造一个nft
const uri = "https://zygomorphic-magenta-bobolink.myfilebase.com/ipfs/QmZdC1RywVL2mPry9TSP128ZUrvPJCJPtndqMUpv5TNctn";
const price = ethers.parseEther("0.1");
const royaltyBps=500;
await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(addr1).create(uri,price,royaltyBps,{value:price})
console.log(await SimpleClosedNFT.tokenURI(1))
console.log("nft的所有者",await SimpleClosedNFT.ownerOf(1))
const mintPrice=await SimpleClosedNFT.mintPrice(1)
console.log("nft的价格",ethers.formatEther(mintPrice))
//授权把铸造的nft授权给交易所
await SimpleClosedNFT.connect(addr1).approve(await OZMarketplace.getAddress(), 1);
console.log("授权成功",await SimpleClosedNFT.getApproved(1))
//挂单
await OZMarketplace.connect(addr1).list(1,price)
const [seller, pricew] = await OZMarketplace.getListing(1);
console.log("卖方:",seller)
console.log("价格:",ethers.formatEther(pricew))
//购买
const tx=await OZMarketplace.connect(addr2).buy(1,{value:price})
const receipt = await tx.wait();
console.log("购买成功","gas消耗:",receipt.gasUsed , "gas价格:",receipt.gasPrice)
console.log("nft的所有者",await SimpleClosedNFT.ownerOf(1))
//校验下架 addr2购买了所欲 下架了
const [seller1, pricew1] = await OZMarketplace.getListing(1);
console.log("卖方:",seller1)
console.log("价格:",ethers.formatEther(pricew1))
//* 校验资金分账 */
const gasUsed = receipt.gasUsed * receipt.gasPrice;
console.log("gas消耗:",gasUsed)
//版税
const royaltyAmount = price*500n / 10_000n
console.log("版税:",ethers.formatEther(royaltyAmount))
//平台
const feeAmount = price * 250n / 10_000n;
console.log("平台:",ethers.formatEther(feeAmount))
//addr1收入
const addr1Amount = price - royaltyAmount - feeAmount;
console.log("addr1收入:",ethers.formatEther(addr1Amount))
})
})
})
测试指令 :npx hardhat test ./test/xxx,js
合约部署
部署代币
javascript
module.exports = async ({getNamedAccounts,deployments})=>{
const getNamedAccount = (await getNamedAccounts()).firstAccount;
const MyNFT=await deployments.get("SimpleClosedNFT");//获取nft合约
const {deploy,log} = deployments;
const OZMarketplace=await deploy("OZMarketplace",{
from:getNamedAccount,
args: [MyNFT.address,getNamedAccount],//参数 nft合约地址,所有者
log: true,
})
// await hre.run("verify:verify", {
// address: TokenC.address,
// constructorArguments: [TokenName, TokenSymbol],
// });
console.log('OZMarketplace合约地址',OZMarketplace.address)
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "OZMarketplace"];
- 编译指令 :npx hardat deploy --tags xxx1,xxx2;
- 参数说明 :例如 NFT,Exchange) 分别部署nft合约和nft交易的合约
总结
至此NFT交易合约全部完成
- 环境踩坑 :用
"evmVersion": "cancun"
秒解 OZ V5 与 Solidity 0.8.24 的编译冲突。 - 合约设计:仅用 100 行代码实现挂单、撤单、购买、暂停、手续费及 ERC-2981 版税自动分账,gas 优化到极限。
- 全流程测试:Hardhat 本地网模拟铸造 → 授权 → 挂单 → 购买 → 资金拆分,验证 NFT 所有权与资金流向 100% 正确。
- 一键部署 :Hardhat-deploy 脚本化部署,tags 机制可组合部署 NFT 与 Marketplace,后续可直接
verify
上链。
现在,你可以把合约地址塞进前端,或者继续拓展:支持 ERC-1155、批量挂单、链下签名订单、实时事件推送。一个生产级的 NFT 市场雏形,正式就绪!