Compose 布局和修饰符的基础知识

Jerry2025-09-03 16:25

Fundamentals of Compose Layouts and Modifiers - MAD Skills

了解布局和修饰符的基础知识：布局和修饰符如何协同工作、提供哪些开箱即用型 API，以及如何设置界面样式。

1. Layouts

2. Arrangement and Alignment

Arrangement：main axis（主轴）

Alignment：cross axis（交叉轴）

可以单独设置某个 Compose 元素的排列位置。

Box

Box 使用 contentAlignment 排列 content。

kotlin 复制代码

Box(
    contentAlignment = Alignment.TopStart
) {

}

Modifier scope safety

3. Material Components

4. Scaffold

kotlin 复制代码

@Composable
fun Scaffold(
    modifier: Modifier = Modifier,
    topBar: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    bottomBar: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    snackbarHost: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    floatingActionButton: @Composable () -> Unit = {},
    floatingActionButtonPosition: FabPosition = FabPosition.End,
    containerColor: Color = MaterialTheme.colorScheme.background,
    contentColor: Color = contentColorFor(containerColor),
    contentWindowInsets: WindowInsets = ScaffoldDefaults.contentWindowInsets,
    content: @Composable (PaddingValues) -> Unit
) {
    val safeInsets = remember(contentWindowInsets) { MutableWindowInsets(contentWindowInsets) }
    Surface(
        modifier =
            modifier.onConsumedWindowInsetsChanged { consumedWindowInsets ->
                // Exclude currently consumed window insets from user provided contentWindowInsets
                safeInsets.insets = contentWindowInsets.exclude(consumedWindowInsets)
            },
        color = containerColor,
        contentColor = contentColor
    ) {
        ScaffoldLayout(
            fabPosition = floatingActionButtonPosition,
            topBar = topBar,
            bottomBar = bottomBar,
            content = content,
            snackbar = snackbarHost,
            contentWindowInsets = safeInsets,
            fab = floatingActionButton
        )
    }
}

5. Lazy Components

LazyHorizontalGrid
LazyColumn
LazyRow
Staggered grids：
- LazyVerticalStaggeredGrid
- LazyHorizontalStaggeredGrid