在arm架构的Debian系统手动安装和卸载Mysql8的操作

记录一下在arm架构的Debian系统手动安装和卸载Mysql8的操作

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lsb_release -a

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linaro@linaro-alip:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Debian
Description:    Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:        12
Codename:       bookworm
linaro@linaro-alip:~$

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linaro@linaro-alip:~$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
BUILD_INFO="root@liqilin-virtual-machine Sat May 24 08:37:00 CST 2025"
ID_LIKE="debian"
RK_BUILD_INFO="root@liqilin-virtual-machine Sat May 24 08:37:01 CST 2025"
linaro@linaro-alip:~$

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linaro@linaro-alip:~$ uname -m
aarch64
linaro@linaro-alip:~$

1.安装MYSQL8

1.更新系统并安装依赖(安装过程中有可能需要用到)

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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

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sudo apt-get install -y libaio1 libnuma1 libncurses6

2.下载 MySQL 8 的官方安装包

进入/usr/local目录下载后解压更改文件夹名称

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cd /usr/local

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sudo wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.17-aarch64.tar.gz

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sudo tar -zxvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.17-aarch64.tar.gz

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sudo mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.17-aarch64 mysql

3.创建需要的data文件夹以及data下面的mysql和tmp文件夹以及授权

在/usr/local/mysql目录下面创建

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cd /usr/local/mysql

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sudo mkdir -p data

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cd data

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sudo mkdir -p mysql

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sudo mkdir -p tmp

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sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql

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sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/data

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sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql

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sudo chmod 777 /usr/local/mysql/data/tmp

4.创建 MySQL 用户和用户组

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sudo groupadd mysql

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sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

5.创建my.cnf文件

在/etc目录下创建

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cd /etc

创建文件

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sudo touch my.cnf

my.cnf文件内容(需要与创建的一致)

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[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=3306
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql
socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/tmp/mysql.sock
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql.pid
character_set_server=utf8mb4
symbolic-links=0

[client]
socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/tmp/mysql.sock

编辑或者用其他方式写文件的时候，权限应该要开放(注意编辑完成后权限要恢复644)

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sudo chmod 777 /etc/my.cnf

必须恢复644权限，/etc/my.cnf 文件的权限设置为可写(world-writable)可能导致 MySQL 忽略该配置文件

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sudo chmod 644 /etc/my.cnf

将 /etc/my.cnf 文件的所有者和所属组都设置为root

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sudo chown root:root /etc/my.cnf

6.初始化mysql8

在安装之前，必须设置所有者和所属组为新建的mysql用户用户组

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sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql

进入mysql的bin目录

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cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/

执行初始化

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sudo ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize

如果在控制台没有看到临时密码，那么安装过程可能出错了，如果有临时密码，基本上算是成功

如果没注意，可能需要在mysql.err里查看初始化临时密码

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/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql/mysql.err

7.配置 MySQLsystemd 服务

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cd /etc/systemd/system

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sudo touch mysqld.service

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sudo chmod 644 mysqld.service

mysqld.service文件内容

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[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=notify
TimeoutSec=0
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf $MYSQLD_OPTS
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 10000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
Environment=MYSQLD_PARENT_PID=1
PrivateTmp=false

刷新重新加载服务

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sudo systemctl daemon-reload

启动

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sudo systemctl start mysqld.service

停止

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sudo systemctl stop mysqld.service

查看状态

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sudo systemctl status mysqld.service

开机启动

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sudo systemctl enable mysqld.service

8.启动成功后，登录mysql和修改root密码

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sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

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ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';

输入临时密码登录后的修改密码

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linaro@linaro-alip:/usr/local/mysql/bin$ sudo /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p             
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 8.0.32

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \s
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)

mysql> \s
--------------
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql  Ver 8.0.32 for Linux on aarch64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:          9
Current database:       
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         8.0.32
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8mb4
Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
Client characterset:    utf8mb4
Conn.  characterset:    utf8mb4
UNIX socket:            /usr/local/mysql/data/tmp/mysql.sock
Binary data as:         Hexadecimal
Uptime:                 2 min 51 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 7  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 129  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 48  Queries per second avg: 0.040
--------------

mysql>

9.配置环境变量

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sudo echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile

刷新重新加载

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source /etc/profile

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linaro@linaro-alip:~$ sudo echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' | sudo tee -a /etc/profile
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
linaro@linaro-alip:~$ source /etc/profile
linaro@linaro-alip:~$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 8.0.32 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

其他配置环境变量的方式在/home/linaro 根据具体系统有一个.bashrc文件

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echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' >> ~/.bashrc

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source ~/.bashrc

2.卸载MYSQL8

1.停止运行和删除服务

卸载mysql8是基于上面安装mysql8的方式的，在卸载mysql8之前，停止 MySQL 服务，停止 MySQL 开机启动的服务

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sudo systemctl stop mysqld.service

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sudo systemctl disable mysqld.service

删除 systemd 服务文件

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sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service

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sudo systemctl daemon-reload

2.删除数据和安装目录

删除 MySQL 数据目录(谨慎哦)

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sudo rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/data

删除 MySQL 安装目录

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sudo rm -rf /usr/local/mysql

3.删除配置文件

删除 MySQL 的配置文件，通常位于 /etc/my.cnf

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sudo rm -f /etc/my.cnf

4.删除用户和用户组

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sudo userdel mysql

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sudo groupdel mysql

5.移除环境变量

移除环境变量-删除指定行

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sudo sed -i '/export PATH=$PATH:\/usr\/local\/mysql\/bin/d' /etc/profile

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source /etc/profile

移除环境变量-删除指定行(如果环境变量是在.bashrc配置的)

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sudo sed -i '/export PATH=$PATH:\/usr\/local\/mysql\/bin/d' ~/.bashrc

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source ~/.bashrc

验证 PATH 环境变量是否已更新

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echo $PATH