结合检索的信息，在 QEMU virtio 标准化背景下，eBPF 结合 tap 设备或 socket（如 DPDK）实现东西向虚拟机（VM）之间零拷贝的主要技术原理和现状如下：
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Tap 设备在 QEMU 中通常作为虚拟机的网卡后端，通过用户态进程与宿主机网络通信。eBPF 可挂载在宿主机的 tap 或相关网络栈路径中，对数据包进行处理和重定向，实现内核态零拷贝转发，减少上下文切换和数据复制。（但虚拟机内部和 tap 之间不像容器使用 veth 那么高效，毕竟跨了一层内核 os 协议栈，而且虚拟机 tap 会接入桥）
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使用 DPDK 和 vhost-user 技术，VM 与宿主机用户态数据平面（如 OVS-DPDK）共享内存环（vring），实现直接内存访问（DMA），数据在 VM 和宿主机之间可以零拷贝传输。eBPF 可以集成在 DPDK 用户态程序旁辅助数据处理和调度，但传统 eBPF 运行于内核，故限于内核空间操作（DPDK 性能比 eBPF 更好，一般来说，不必混用）。
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近期研究和实践中，有提出结合 eBPF 与共享内存（如 IVSHMEM）构建透明且标准化的高速通信通道，绕过 TCP/IP，兼容 virtio 标准，实现低延迟的东西向 VM 通信[1]。（这个共享内存倒是有点意思，但不能只考虑东西向，虚拟机需要南北向）
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QEMU virtio-net 支持 eBPF RSS（接收端多队列散列）增强性能 ，进一步降低上下文切换和包处理开销，但全面零拷贝依赖于底层驱动、内存布局和主机/guest 配合。
综上，eBPF 在 tap 设备与 socket（DPDK）结合 QEMU virtio 环境下，理论上可以配合已有零拷贝机制（如 DPDK vhost-user 共享内存环），实现东西向虚拟机间的高效零拷贝通信，尤其是在跨越内核和用户空间的路径上减少数据复制；不过实际零拷贝全链路仍依赖 virtio 标准支持、共享内存配置以及用户态和内核态协同优化。最新趋势是利用 eBPF 加强共享内存通信透明化和高效调度[2][3][1][4][5].
如需更具体技术实现或源码层面细节，也可以再深入探究。
Sources [1] Transparent Shared Memory Communications with eBPF netdevconf.info/0x18/sessio...
2\] Open vSwitch with AF_XDP [docs.openvswitch.org/en/latest/i...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.openvswitch.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fintro%2Finstall%2Fafxdp%2F "https://docs.openvswitch.org/en/latest/intro/install/afxdp/") \[3\] 44. Vhost Library - Documentation [doc.dpdk.org/guides-18.1...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fdoc.dpdk.org%2Fguides-18.11%2Fprog_guide%2Fvhost_lib.html "https://doc.dpdk.org/guides-18.11/prog_guide/vhost_lib.html") \[4\] How OVS DPDK and qemu communicate via the vhost ... [www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2Fdream397%2Fp%2F14367127.html "https://www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/14367127.html") \[5\] The Case for Vhost-User [www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2Fdream397%2Fp%2F13931679.html "https://www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/13931679.html") \[6\] Chapter 23. Understanding the eBPF networking features ... [docs.redhat.com/en/document...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.redhat.com%2Fen%2Fdocumentation%2Fred_hat_enterprise_linux%2F10%2Fhtml%2Fconfiguring_firewalls_and_packet_filters%2Funderstanding-the-ebpf-networking-features-in-rhel-10 "https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/10/html/configuring_firewalls_and_packet_filters/understanding-the-ebpf-networking-features-in-rhel-10") \[7\] dpdk vhost user + vhost cuse - tycoon3 [www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/...](https://link.juejin.cn?target=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2Fdream397%2Fp%2F13931740.html "https://www.cnblogs.com/dream397/p/13931740.html") \[8\] Design and Implementation of eBPF-based Virtual TAP for ... 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