Linux108 shell:.bashrc 正则表达式：. * .* ^ $ ^$ [ ] [^] ^[] ^[^ ] \＜ \＞

czhc11400756632025-10-09 8:38
bash 复制代码 
[code@samba ~]$ cat jump.sh
#!/bin/bash
menu1()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
        EOF
}
menu2()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用Web-server,请选择操作系统
1.清理日志
2.启动Apache
3.重启Apache
q.退出
h.help
        EOF
}
while true
do
menu1
read -p "pl choose the host:" host
case $host in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.100
        ;;
        3)
        clear
        menu2
        read -p "pl input actions:" actions
        case $actions in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 echo "日志正在清理中"
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3  service apache start
        ;;
        3)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 service apache stop
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu2
        ;;
        *)
        echo "pl choose the operation "
        ;;
        esac
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu1
        ;;
        q)
        exit
        ;;
esac
done

source 函数是什么意思

bash 复制代码 
[code@samba ~]$ cat fun1.sh
#!/bin/bash
fun1()
{
echo hello world
hostname
}

function fun2()
{
        A=hello
        if [ -z "$A" ];then
        echo "变量为空"
        else
        echo $A
        fi
}
[code@samba ~]$ bash -x fun1.sh
[code@samba ~]$ chmod +x fun1.sh
[code@samba ~]$ ./fun1.sh
[code@samba ~]$ fun1
bash: fun1: 未找到命令...
[code@samba ~]$ source fun1.sh
[code@samba ~]$ fun1
hello world
samba.web.cn

执行前：当前Shell环境

┌──────────────┐

│ Shell会话 │

└──────────────┘

source执行时：直接注入

┌──────────────┐

│ Shell会话 │←───(注入fun1/fun2函数定义)

│ + fun1() │

│ + fun2() │

└──────────────┘

执行后：函数常驻内存

┌──────────────┐

│ Shell会话 │

│ fun1() {...} │ ← 可随时调用

│ fun2() {...} │

└──────────────┘


bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}'.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\} 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123

172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12

193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123

172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12

193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]#
bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]#

shell

.bashrc

bash jump.sh

bash 复制代码 
    ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
    │                 • MobaXterm Personal Edition v23.2 •                 │
    │               (SSH client, X server and network tools)               │
    │                                                                      │
    │ ⮞ SSH session to code@192.168.235.10                                 │
    │   • Direct SSH      :  ✓                                             │
    │   • SSH compression :  ✓                                             │
    │   • SSH-browser     :  ✓                                             │
    │   • X11-forwarding  :  ✓  (remote display is forwarded through SSH)  │
    │                                                                      │
    │ ⮞ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website.            │
    └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Last login: Wed Oct  8 14:35:26 2025 from 192.168.235.1
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:2
Last login: Wed Oct  8 15:17:03 2025 from 192.168.235.10
[root@backup ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.235.100 closed.
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:4
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:

正则表达式：第一类正则

* grep 'go*' 1.txt 前导字符0次或连续多次

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go*' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle

. greo 'go.' 1.txt 任意单字符

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go.' 1.txt
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle

.* 任意长字符

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'goo.*' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle

^ 空行 grep -n '\^' 1.txt

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep -n '^$' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com

[root@66 ~]# grep -n '^$' 1.txt
11:
12:
13:
15:

^ 行开头

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '^goo*' 1.txt
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle

行结尾 grep '.\*com'

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '.*com$' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
taobao.com

[ ] [ abc ] 组内任意单个字符

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '[abc]' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
taobao.com

[ ^] 不在字符组内任一字符

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '[^abc]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com

^[1](#1 任一字符开头)^ 任一字符开头

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '^[abc]' 1.txt
a.com
ab.com

^ [^]不以任一字符开头

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '^[^abc]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
gooogle
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9].' 1.txt

< 取单词头 grep '<hello'

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '\<hello' 1.txt
hello world
helloworld

> grep 'w>' 1.txt 取单词尾

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'w\>' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep 'hello\>' 1.txt
hello world

<> 精确匹配 grep '<hello>'

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '\<hello\>' 1.txt
hello world

{n} 前导字符至少出现n次

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go\{2\}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle

{n,m} 前导字符n-m次

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go\{2,3\}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle

{} 保持被匹配字符

普通正则

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]' 1.txt
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '[a-zA-Z0-9.]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123

扩展正则 \d 匹配数字 grep -P '\d'

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep '\d' 1.txt
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\d' 1.txt
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123

\w 字母数字下划线

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\w' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123

扩展正则

+ 一次或多次
bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go+' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E 'go？' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep 'tao|j' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '(taobao|j).com'
^C^C
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '(taobao|j).com' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobao.com
? 0次或多次 a|b
() 组字符

正则匹配IP地址

bash 复制代码 
[root@66 ~]# grep -E 'go{2}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}'\.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]{1,3\}' 1.txt
> ^C
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}'.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\} 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123

172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12

193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}' [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
> ^C
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep

记录

bash 复制代码 
Last login: Tue Oct  7 18:57:15 2025 from 192.168.235.1
[code@samba ~]$ vim ~/.bashrc
[code@samba ~]$ cat jump.sh
#!/bin/bash
menu1()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
        EOF
}
menu2()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用Web-server,请选择操作系统
1.清理日志
2.启动Apache
3.重启Apache
q.退出
h.help
        EOF
}
while true
do
menu1
read -p "pl choose the host:" host
case $host in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.100
        ;;
        3)
        clear
        menu2
        read -p "pl input actions:" actions
        case $actions in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 echo "日志正在清理中"
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3  service apache start
        ;;
        3)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 service apache stop
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu2
        ;;
        *)
        echo "pl choose the operation "
        ;;
        esac
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu1
        ;;
        q)
        exit
        ;;
esac
done
[code@samba ~]$ vim ~/.bashrc
[code@samba ~]$ vim .bashrc
[code@samba ~]$ cat .bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions
bash jumper.sh
[code@samba ~]$ vim .bashrc
[code@samba ~]$ cat .bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions
bash jump.sh
[code@samba ~]$ jump.sh
bash: jump.sh: 未找到命令...
[code@samba ~]$ cat jump.sh
#!/bin/bash
menu1()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
        EOF
}
menu2()
{
cat<<-EOF
欢迎使用Web-server,请选择操作系统
1.清理日志
2.启动Apache
3.重启Apache
q.退出
h.help
        EOF
}
while true
do
menu1
read -p "pl choose the host:" host
case $host in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.100
        ;;
        3)
        clear
        menu2
        read -p "pl input actions:" actions
        case $actions in
        1)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 echo "日志正在清理中"
        ;;
        2)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3  service apache start
        ;;
        3)
        ssh root@192.168.235.3 service apache stop
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu2
        ;;
        *)
        echo "pl choose the operation "
        ;;
        esac
        ;;
        h)
        clear
        menu1
        ;;
        q)
        exit
        ;;
esac
done
[code@samba ~]$ ./jump.sh
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:2
Last login: Tue Oct  7 19:05:53 2025 from 192.168.235.1
[root@backup ~]#
bash 复制代码 
    ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
    │                 • MobaXterm Personal Edition v23.2 •                 │
    │               (SSH client, X server and network tools)               │
    │                                                                      │
    │ ⮞ SSH session to code@192.168.235.10                                 │
    │   • Direct SSH      :  ✓                                             │
    │   • SSH compression :  ✓                                             │
    │   • SSH-browser     :  ✓                                             │
    │   • X11-forwarding  :  ✓  (remote display is forwarded through SSH)  │
    │                                                                      │
    │ ⮞ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website.            │
    └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Last login: Wed Oct  8 14:35:26 2025 from 192.168.235.1
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:2
Last login: Wed Oct  8 15:17:03 2025 from 192.168.235.10
[root@backup ~]# exit
登出
Connection to 192.168.235.100 closed.
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:4
欢迎使用jump-server，请选择主机
1.DBI-Master
2.DB2-Slave
3.Web1
4.Web2
h.help
q.exit
pl choose the host:
bash 复制代码 
login as: root
root@192.168.235.133's password:
     ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
     │                        • MobaXterm 20.0 •                          │
     │            (SSH client, X-server and networking tools)             │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ SSH session to root@192.168.235.133                              │
     │   • SSH compression : ✘                                            │
     │   • SSH-browser     : ✔                                            │
     │   • X11-forwarding  : ✔  (remote display is forwarded through SSH) │
     │   • DISPLAY         : ✔  (automatically set on remote server)      │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website           │
     └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

This system is not registered to Red Hat Insights. See https://cloud.redhat.com/
To register this system, run: insights-client --register

Last login: Sun Sep 28 21:29:18 2025 from 192.168.235.1
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
cat: 1.txt: 没有那个文件或目录
[root@66 ~]# ls 1.txt
ls: 无法访问'1.txt': 没有那个文件或目录
[root@66 ~]# ls
aaa              expect2.sh  id_rsa.pub            pub2.sh  scp.sh               user1        useradd.sh
anaconda-ks.cfg  file1       initial-setup-ks.cfg  rsa.sh   sshpass-1.06         user2
expect1.sh       file3       ip.txt                scp1.sh  sshpass-1.06.tar.gz  useradd2.sh
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go*' |txt
bash: txt: 未找到命令...
^C
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go*' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go.' 1.txt
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep 'goo.*' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep -n '^$' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com

[root@66 ~]# grep -n '^$' 1.txt
11:
12:
13:
15:
[root@66 ~]# grep '^goo*' 1.txt
gogle
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep '.*com$' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '[abc]' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '[^abc]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '^[abc]' 1.txt
a.com
ab.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '^[^abc]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
gooogle
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9].' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -w hello 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep '\<hello' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep 'w\>' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -w hello 1.txt
hello world
[root@66 ~]# grep '\<hello' 1.txt
hello world
helloworld
[root@66 ~]# grep 'w\>' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep '\<hello\>' 1.txt
hello world
[root@66 ~]# grep 'hello\>' 1.txt
hello world
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go\{2}' 1.txt
grep: 不匹配的 \{
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go\{2\}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go\{2,3\}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# vim 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]' 1.txt
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep '\d' 1.txt
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\d' 1.txt
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep '[a-zA-Z0-9.]' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\w' 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle
taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123
172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep 'go+' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E 'go？' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep 'tao|j' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '(taobao|j).com'
^C^C
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '(taobao|j).com' 1.txt
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobao.com
[root@66 ~]# grep -E 'go{2}' 1.txt
google
gooooogle
gooogle
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}'\.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]{1,3\}' 1.txt
> ^C
[root@66 ~]# grep '[0-9]\{1,3\}'.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\}.[0-9]\{1,3\} 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# cat 1.txt
ggle
gogle
google
gooooogle
taobao.com
taobao.com
taobaot.com
a.com
ab.com
gooogle



taobao.com
hello world
helloworld
hhhh world
123213123
21312e 12312 31
23123

172./g.2
1./g.21
172./g.12

193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}\.[0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -P '\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}' [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
> ^C
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3} [0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
[root@66 ~]# grep -E '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}' 1.txt
193.168.235.2
193.168.235.23
193.168.235.123
[root@66 ~]# grep






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