mysql数据库压缩

刘大猫.2025-10-12 18:46

文章目录

一、背景

  1. 节省磁盘空间
    • InnoDB 表：可节省 30%-70% 磁盘空间
    • MyISAM 表：通过优化可节省 5%-20% 空间
  2. 提高 I/O 性能
    • 数据在磁盘上压缩存储
    • 读取时解压到内存
    • 减少磁盘 I/O 操作

二、说明

说明点1：问题1：他这个压缩最后产出的是啥，是个zip？tar？

答案：不是zip或tar文件，没有产出任何压缩包文件！

这个方法只是在数据库内部对表的存储格式进行压缩，产出的是：

  • 更紧凑的数据库表文件（对于InnoDB存储引擎生成.ibd文件；MyISAM存储引擎会生成3种文件，后缀名不同：表名.MYD - 数据文件（My Data）、表名.MYI - 索引文件（My Index） 、表名.frm - 表结构文件（格式定义））
  • 更小的磁盘占用空间
  • 优化后的表结构

说明点2：问题2：他这个压缩不是吧数据库备份生成sql文件压缩，而是直接把数据库进行压缩？

答案：是的，是直接压缩数据库表本身，不是备份文件！

说明点3：问题3：如果是问题2那样的，那数据库压缩和数据库备份岂不是不相干，各干个的？

答案：完全正确！这个方法与数据库备份毫不相干，各干各的！

说明点4：问题4：InnoDB压缩和MyISAM压缩区别？

答案：

说明点5：有多种直观方法查看压缩是否成功

方法1：查看表状态信息（最直接）

java 复制代码 
-- 查看所有表的行格式和压缩状态
SELECT 
    TABLE_NAME,
    ENGINE,
    ROW_FORMAT,
    TABLE_ROWS,
    DATA_LENGTH as '数据大小(字节)',
    INDEX_LENGTH as '索引大小(字节)',
    round(((DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH) / 1024 / 1024), 2) as '总大小(MB)'
FROM information_schema.TABLES 
WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '你的数据库名';

压缩成功的关键指标：

  • ROW_FORMAT 显示为 Compressed
  • DATA_LENGTH 明显减小

方法2：查看文件系统大小变化

java 复制代码 
# 进入MySQL数据目录
cd /var/lib/mysql/你的数据库名

# 查看文件大小
ls -lh *.ibd    # 查看InnoDB表文件大小
ls -lh *.MYD    # 查看MyISAM数据文件大小

# 或者查看总大小变化
du -sh .        # 查看整个数据库目录大小

方法3：查看MySQL错误日志

java 复制代码 
-- 压缩过程中如有问题会在错误日志中显示
-- 查看日志位置
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'log_error';

-- 或者查看最近的操作记录
SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;

预期看到的成功迹象：

  1. 文件大小明显减小（可能减少30%-70%）
  2. ROW_FORMAT显示为Compressed
  3. data_free碎片空间接近0
  4. 查询performance_schema可能显示压缩操作完成

最直观的方法就是对比压缩前后的文件大小和ROW_FORMAT字段的变化！

说明点6 数据库压缩执行就这3步

java 复制代码 
select ENGINE,TABLE_NAME  from information_schema.TABLES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA = '数据库名' 
ALTER TABLE 表名 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8
OPTIMIZE TABLE 表名

第1步命令作用：查询数据库下所有表
第2步命令作用：这是 InnoDB 的页级压缩功能：

java 复制代码 
-- 作用：启用 InnoDB 表的透明压缩
ALTER TABLE table_name ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8;

工作原理：

  • 将数据分成 8KB 的块（KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8）
  • 每个块用 zlib 算法单独压缩
  • 压缩后的数据存储在磁盘上
  • 读取时自动解压缩到内存

效果：

  • 磁盘空间减少 30%-70%
  • 内存中仍是未压缩格式，性能影响较小
  • I/O 操作减少（因为读取的数据量变小）

第3步命令作用：这是通用的表维护命令：

java 复制代码 
-- 作用：重建表，整理碎片
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name;

工作原理：

  • 重建表的物理存储
  • 回收未使用的空间
  • 整理数据碎片
  • 更新索引统计信息

效果：

  • 减少存储空间
  • 提高查询性能
  • 对所有存储引擎都有效

为什么不同引擎要区别对待：

InnoDB 的处理：

java 复制代码 
// InnoDB：压缩 + 优化
ALTER TABLE table_name ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8;  // 🎯 启用压缩
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name;                                      // 🧹 整理碎片

原因：

  • InnoDB 支持透明的页级压缩
  • 先启用压缩，再整理碎片获得最佳效果

MyISAM 和其他引擎的处理：

java 复制代码 
// MyISAM/其他：只优化
OPTIMIZE TABLE table_name;  // 🧹 只整理碎片

原因：

  • MyISAM 不支持 ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED
  • MyISAM 有自己的压缩工具 myisampack，但需要离线操作
  • 其他引擎可能也不支持压缩

三、页面及代码

DatabaseManageControl

java 复制代码 
@Operation(summary = "数据库压缩")
@GetMapping(value = "/tarDatabase")
public ResponseModel tarDatabase() {
    return databaseManageUserControl.tarDatabase();
}

DatabaseManageUserControl

java 复制代码 
public ResponseModel<String> tarDatabase() {
    String databaseName = configValue.obtainConfigValue("xnms.service.center.DSDatabaseName");;
    SingleResponse<Boolean> booleanSingleResponse = clientService.tarDatabase(databaseName);
    Boolean isSuccess = booleanSingleResponse.getData();
    if (!isSuccess) {
        return ResponseModel.ofError(languageFind.findKey("TarFailed"));
    }
    Account account = (Account) SecurityUtils.getSubject().getPrincipal();
    clientService.clientLog(account.getUserName(), ClientLogType.LogDataBaseManager, ClientSubLogType.LogDataBaseManager_CompressDB, "DatabaseCompressSuccess", account.getIp());
    return ResponseModel.ofSuccess(languageFind.findKey("TarSuccess"));
}

application-cvt.properties

java 复制代码 
xnms.service.center.DSDatabaseName=cvt_db

ClientService

java 复制代码 
SingleResponse<Boolean> tarDatabase(String databaseName);

ClientServiceI

java 复制代码 
@Override
public SingleResponse<Boolean> tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    SingleResponse<Boolean> singleResponse = new SingleResponse<>();
    try {
        singleResponse.setData(dataBase.tarDatabase(databaseName));
        singleResponse.setSuccess(true);
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        logger.error("[DataBaseI] TarDatabase error: " + ex.getMessage(), ex);
        singleResponse.setSuccess(false);
        singleResponse.setMsg(ex.getMessage());
    }
    return singleResponse;
}

DataBaseServImpl

java 复制代码 
public boolean tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    try {
        systemDao.tarDatabase(databaseName);
        return true;
    } catch (Exception e) {
        // Log the exception (optional)
        logger.error("Error during database tar operation: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        return false;
    }
}

SystemDao

java 复制代码 
void tarDatabase(String databaseName);

SystemDaoImpl

java 复制代码 
@Transactional
@Override
public void tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    String selectSql = "SELECT ENGINE,TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= :databaseName";
    Query selectQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(selectSql, InformationSchemaEntity.class);
    selectQuery.setParameter("databaseName", databaseName);
    List<InformationSchemaEntity> list  = selectQuery.getResultList();
    for (InformationSchemaEntity item  : list ) {
        if (item.getEngine().equalsIgnoreCase("InnoDB")) {
            String alterSql = "ALTER TABLE " + item.getTableName() + " ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8";
            Query alterQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(alterSql);
            alterQuery.executeUpdate();
        }
        String optimizeSql = "OPTIMIZE TABLE " + item.getTableName();
        Query optimizeQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(optimizeSql);
        optimizeQuery.getResultList();
    }
}

四、错误场景

错误场景1：org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaSystemException: could not execute statement; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: could not execute statement

完整错误

java 复制代码 
2025-10-10 11:20:59.298 [http-nio-61000-exec-8] ERROR org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper - Can not issue executeUpdate() or executeLargeUpdate() with statements that produce result sets
2025-10-10 11:20:59.308 [http-nio-61000-exec-8] ERROR c.x.d.service.service.impl.client.DataBaseServImpl - Error during database tar operation: could not execute statement; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: could not execute statement
org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaSystemException: could not execute statement; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: could not execute statement
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:331)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.translateExceptionIfPossible(HibernateJpaDialect.java:233)
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.translateExceptionIfPossible(AbstractEntityManagerFactoryBean.java:551)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.translateExceptionIfPossible(ChainedPersistenceExceptionTranslator.java:61)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.DataAccessUtils.translateIfNecessary(DataAccessUtils.java:242)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:152)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.proceed(CglibAopProxy.java:763)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor$1.proceedWithInvocation(TransactionInterceptor.java:123)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.invokeWithinTransaction(TransactionAspectSupport.java:388)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:119)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:186)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.proceed(CglibAopProxy.java:763)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:708)
	at com.xnms.data.service.dao.mysql.impl.SystemDaoImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$b7963bdd.tarDatabase(<generated>)
	at com.xnms.data.service.service.impl.client.DataBaseServImpl.tarDatabase(DataBaseServImpl.java:99)
	at com.xnms.data.service.service.impl.client.DataBaseServImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$bf1fe8d7.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.invokeMethod(CglibAopProxy.java:386)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.access$000(CglibAopProxy.java:85)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:704)
	at com.xnms.data.service.service.impl.client.DataBaseServImpl$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$24daa3c3.tarDatabase(<generated>)
	at com.xnms.data.service.controller.client.ClientServiceI.tarDatabase(ClientServiceI.java:473)
	at com.xnms.data.service.controller.client.ClientServiceI$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$a830f508.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.invokeMethod(CglibAopProxy.java:386)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy.access$000(CglibAopProxy.java:85)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$DynamicAdvisedInterceptor.intercept(CglibAopProxy.java:704)
	at com.xnms.data.service.controller.client.ClientServiceI$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$9dda6ef6.tarDatabase(<generated>)
	at com.xnms.client.service.view.system.mangment.DatabaseManageUserControl.tarDatabase(DatabaseManageUserControl.java:135)
	at com.xnms.client.service.controller.system.management.DatabaseManageControl.tarDatabase(DatabaseManageControl.java:50)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:77)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:568)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:205)
	at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:150)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:117)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:895)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:808)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:87)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1071)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:964)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:670)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:779)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:227)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:112)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:61)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.executeChain(AdviceFilter.java:108)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AdviceFilter.doFilterInternal(AdviceFilter.java:137)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.ProxiedFilterChain.doFilter(ProxiedFilterChain.java:66)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.executeChain(AbstractShiroFilter.java:449)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter$1.call(AbstractShiroFilter.java:365)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.doCall(SubjectCallable.java:90)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.SubjectCallable.call(SubjectCallable.java:83)
	at org.apache.shiro.subject.support.DelegatingSubject.execute(DelegatingSubject.java:387)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.AbstractShiroFilter.doFilterInternal(AbstractShiroFilter.java:362)
	at org.apache.shiro.web.servlet.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:125)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201)
	at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:177)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97)
	at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:135)
	at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78)
	at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360)
	at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65)
	at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:891)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1784)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659)
	at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
	at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)
Caused by: org.hibernate.exception.GenericJDBCException: could not execute statement
	at org.hibernate.exception.internal.StandardSQLExceptionConverter.convert(StandardSQLExceptionConverter.java:42)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:113)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper.convert(SqlExceptionHelper.java:99)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:200)
	at org.hibernate.engine.query.spi.NativeSQLQueryPlan.performExecuteUpdate(NativeSQLQueryPlan.java:107)
	at org.hibernate.internal.SessionImpl.executeNativeUpdate(SessionImpl.java:1554)
	at org.hibernate.query.internal.NativeQueryImpl.doExecuteUpdate(NativeQueryImpl.java:299)
	at org.hibernate.query.internal.AbstractProducedQuery.executeUpdate(AbstractProducedQuery.java:1696)
	at com.xnms.data.service.dao.mysql.impl.SystemDaoImpl.tarDatabase(SystemDaoImpl.java:240)
	at com.xnms.data.service.dao.mysql.impl.SystemDaoImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$42f84ff5.invoke(<generated>)
	at org.springframework.cglib.proxy.MethodProxy.invoke(MethodProxy.java:218)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(CglibAopProxy.java:793)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:163)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.CglibAopProxy$CglibMethodInvocation.proceed(CglibAopProxy.java:763)
	at org.springframework.dao.support.PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.invoke(PersistenceExceptionTranslationInterceptor.java:137)
	... 96 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.sql.SQLException: Can not issue executeUpdate() or executeLargeUpdate() with statements that produce result sets
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:129)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:97)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:89)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.exceptions.SQLError.createSQLException(SQLError.java:63)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1038)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdateInternal(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1009)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeLargeUpdate(ClientPreparedStatement.java:1320)
	at com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ClientPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(ClientPreparedStatement.java:994)
	at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.ProxyPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(ProxyPreparedStatement.java:61)
	at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariProxyPreparedStatement.executeUpdate(HikariProxyPreparedStatement.java)
	at org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.internal.ResultSetReturnImpl.executeUpdate(ResultSetReturnImpl.java:197)
	... 107 common frames omitted

代码

java 复制代码 
@Transactional
@Override
public void tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    String selectSql = "SELECT `TABLE_NAME` FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= :databaseName";
    Query selectQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(selectSql);
    selectQuery.setParameter("databaseName", databaseName);
    List<String> tableNames  = selectQuery.getResultList();
    for (String tableName  : tableNames ) {
        String alterSql = "ALTER TABLE " + tableName + " ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8";
        Query alterQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(alterSql);
        alterQuery.executeUpdate();
        String optimizeSql = "OPTIMIZE TABLE " + tableName;
        Query optimizeQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(optimizeSql);
        optimizeQuery.executeUpdate();
    }
}

原因：这个错误是因为 OPTIMIZE TABLE 语句会返回结果集，但你在使用 executeUpdate() 方法，这个方法只能用于不返回结果集的语句。

问题分析：

ALTER TABLE → 不返回结果集 → 可以用 executeUpdate()

OPTIMIZE TABLE → 返回优化结果信息 → 不能用 executeUpdate()

解决方案：

java 复制代码 
String optimizeSql = "OPTIMIZE TABLE " + item.getTableName();
Query optimizeQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(optimizeSql);
optimizeQuery.getResultList();

错误场景2：ERROR org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''alarm_data' ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8' at line 1

完整错误

java 复制代码 
2025-10-10 11:02:16.697 [http-nio-61000-exec-3] ERROR org.hibernate.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near ''alarm_data' ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8' at line 1
2025-10-10 11:02:16.717 [http-nio-61000-exec-3] ERROR c.x.d.service.service.impl.client.DataBaseServImpl - Error during database tar operation: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement
org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessResourceUsageException: could not execute statement; SQL [n/a]; nested exception is org.hibernate.exception.SQLGrammarException: could not execute statement
	at org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaDialect.convertHibernateAccessException(HibernateJpaDialect.java:259)

错误代码

java 复制代码 
@Override
public void tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    String selectSql = "SELECT `TABLE_NAME` FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= :databaseName";
    Query selectQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(selectSql, String.class);
    selectQuery.setParameter("databaseName", databaseName);
    List<String> tableNames  = selectQuery.getResultList();
    for (String tableName  : tableNames ) {
        String alterSql = "ALTER TABLE :tableName ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8";
        Query alterQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(alterSql);
        alterQuery.setParameter("tableName", tableName);
        alterQuery.executeUpdate();
        String optimizeSql = "OPTIMIZE TABLE :tableName";
        Query optimizeQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(optimizeSql);
        optimizeQuery.setParameter("tableName", tableName);
        optimizeQuery.executeUpdate();
    }
}

原因：问题在于：表名不能使用参数绑定！

问题分析：在SQL中，表名、列名等数据库对象标识符不能使用参数化查询，只有值可以使用参数绑定。

解决方案：

java 复制代码 
@Transactional
@Override
public void tarDatabase(String databaseName) {
    String selectSql = "SELECT ENGINE,TABLE_NAME FROM information_schema.tables WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA= :databaseName";
    Query selectQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(selectSql, InformationSchemaEntity.class);
    selectQuery.setParameter("databaseName", databaseName);
    List<InformationSchemaEntity> list  = selectQuery.getResultList();
    for (InformationSchemaEntity item  : list ) {
        if (item.getEngine().equalsIgnoreCase("InnoDB")) {
            String alterSql = "ALTER TABLE " + item.getTableName() + " ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED KEY_BLOCK_SIZE=8";
            Query alterQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(alterSql);
            alterQuery.executeUpdate();
        }
        String optimizeSql = "OPTIMIZE TABLE " + item.getTableName();
        Query optimizeQuery = entityManager.createNativeQuery(optimizeSql);
        optimizeQuery.getResultList();
    }
}

本人其他相关文章链接

1.mysql数据库备份

2.mysql数据库压缩

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