任务背景：
某餐馆有猪肉菜、牛羊肉、家禽、鱼类等菜品分类，想制作每天中晚餐不重复菜单，要求每顿菜品由猪+其他组成，且最好不要连续都是猪肉的皮排骨、烧肉系列，要间隔开。
from
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
import random
from collections import deque
def generate_non_repeating_meals(total_days=56):
"""菜单生成器"""
pork_categories = {
'pork_1': [
"红烧肉", "萝卜烧肉", "豆泡烧肉", "海带烧肉", "鹌鹑蛋烧肉",
"莲藕烧肉", "毛芋仔烧肉", "香菇烧肉", "虎皮蛋烧肉", "干豆条烧肉",
"板栗烧肉", "咸鱼烧肉", "鱼蛋烧肉", "鹿茸菇烧肉", "梅干菜烧肉", "鲍鱼烧肉"],
'pork_2': [
"粉蒸排骨", "糯米排骨", "萝卜烧排骨", "鹌鹑蛋烧排骨", "莲藕烧排骨",
"香芋蒸排骨", "糖醋排骨", "红烧大排", "荔浦芋头烧排", "土豆焖排骨", "豉香排骨"],
'pork_3': [
"红烧猪脚", "梅菜猪脚", "黄豆猪脚"],
'pork_4': [
"米粉蒸肉", "红烧狮子头", "盐菜扣肉", "太阳蛋"]}
other_categories = {
'beef': ['红烧牛杂', '红烧牛腩', '牛腩烧萝卜', '牛腩腐竹', '回锅牛肉',
'杭椒牛柳', '黑椒牛仔骨', '牛腩烧牛肚', '牛腩烧牛筋', '羊肉烧红萝卜',
'红烧羊肉', '葱爆牛肉', '孜然羊排'],
'poultry': ['香辣鸭三件', '辣子鸡', '红烧鸡', '香菇烧鸡', '白切鸡',
'香酥鸭', '虎皮凤爪', '鹌鹑蛋凤爪', '啤酒鸭', '红烧鸭',
'香菇烧鸣', '烤鸭', '板鸭炖豆腐', '板鸭烧萝卜', '红烧鸡腿',
'可乐鸡中翅', '香辣卤鸡腿', '糯米蒸鸡', '莲花血鸭', '仔姜烧鹅',
'大盘鸡'],
'fish': ['红烧鱼块', '南昌小炒鱼', '红烧鲫鱼', '红烧带鱼', '酒糟鱼',
'酸菜鱼丸', '白灼基围虾', '深海鱼尾', '小黄鱼', '酸菜鱼',
'鲇鱼烧豆腐', '香酥椒盐虾', '蒜蓉基围虾']}
# 初始化状态
last_used = {cat: deque(maxlen=3) for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']}
used_dishes = {cat: set() for cat in pork_categories}
used_other_dishes = {cat: set() for cat in other_categories}
# 记录各类别的使用次数
usage_count = {cat: 0 for cat in pork_categories}
# 总餐数
total_meals = total_days * 2
def select_category(category_name):
"""选择指定类别的菜品"""
available = [d for d in pork_categories[category_name] if d not in used_dishes[category_name]]
if not available:
# 重置该类别的已使用记录
used_dishes[category_name] = set()
available = pork_categories[category_name]
dish = random.choice(available)
used_dishes[category_name].add(dish)
return dish
def select_pork(meal_type, day):
"""选择猪肉菜品并更新状态"""
nonlocal usage_count
available_cats = []
# 首先检查有间隔限制的类别 (pork_1, pork_2, pork_3)
for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:
# 检查间隔限制 - 增加到3顿间隔
if last_used[cat]:
last_day, last_meal_type = last_used[cat][-1]
# 检查是否间隔足够（至少间隔3顿）
# 如果同一天，或者第二天，或者第三天同一餐次，都不能使用
if (day == last_day) or \
(day == last_day + 1) or \
(day == last_day + 2 and meal_type == last_meal_type):
continue
# 检查可用菜品
available = [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]
if available:
available_cats.append((cat, available))
# 计算当前pork_4的使用率
pork_4_usage_rate = usage_count['pork_4'] / total_meals if total_meals > 0 else 0
# 决定是否使用pork_4 - 更严格的控制
use_pork_4 = False
# 只有在以下情况下才使用pork_4：
# 1. 没有其他可用类别
# 2. pork_4使用率低于25%且随机概率很低
if not available_cats:
use_pork_4 = True
elif pork_4_usage_rate < 0.25 and random.random() < 0.05: # 降低到5%概率
use_pork_4 = True
# 优先选择pork_1和pork_2
if available_cats and not use_pork_4:
# 给pork_1和pork_2更高的权重
weighted_cats = []
for cat, dishes in available_cats:
if cat == 'pork_1':
weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 4) # 增加pork_1权重为4
elif cat == 'pork_2':
weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 3) # 增加pork_2权重为3
else: # pork_3
weighted_cats.append((cat, dishes)) # pork_3权重为1
cat, dishes = random.choice(weighted_cats)
dish = random.choice(dishes)
used_dishes[cat].add(dish)
usage_count[cat] += 1
# 更新使用记录
if cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:
last_used[cat].append((day, meal_type))
return dish, cat
else:
# 使用pork_4
available_pork_4 = [d for d in pork_categories['pork_4'] if d not in used_dishes['pork_4']]
if available_pork_4:
dish = random.choice(available_pork_4)
used_dishes['pork_4'].add(dish)
usage_count['pork_4'] += 1
return dish, 'pork_4'
else:
# 如果pork_4不可用，尝试重置其他类别
for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:
if not [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]:
used_dishes[cat] = set() # 重置该类别的已使用记录
# 重新检查可用类别
available_cats = []
for cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:
if last_used[cat]:
last_day, last_meal_type = last_used[cat][-1]
if (day == last_day) or \
(day == last_day + 1) or \
(day == last_day + 2 and meal_type == last_meal_type):
continue
available = [d for d in pork_categories[cat] if d not in used_dishes[cat]]
if available:
available_cats.append((cat, available))
if available_cats:
# 使用权重选择
weighted_cats = []
for cat, dishes in available_cats:
if cat == 'pork_1':
weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 4)
elif cat == 'pork_2':
weighted_cats.extend([(cat, dishes)] * 3)
else:
weighted_cats.append((cat, dishes))
cat, dishes = random.choice(weighted_cats)
dish = random.choice(dishes)
used_dishes[cat].add(dish)
usage_count[cat] += 1
if cat in ['pork_1', 'pork_2', 'pork_3']:
last_used[cat].append((day, meal_type))
return dish, cat
else:
# 紧急情况使用pork_4（重置）
used_dishes['pork_4'] = set()
dish = random.choice(pork_categories['pork_4'])
used_dishes['pork_4'].add(dish)
usage_count['pork_4'] += 1
return dish, 'pork_4'
def select_other():
"""选择其他肉类"""
available_cats = []
for cat, dishes in other_categories.items():
available = [d for d in dishes if d not in used_other_dishes[cat]]
if available:
available_cats.append((cat, available))
if not available_cats:
# 重置所有其他肉类池
for cat in other_categories:
used_other_dishes[cat] = set()
available_cats = [(cat, dishes) for cat, dishes in other_categories.items()]
cat, dishes = random.choice(available_cats)
dish = random.choice(dishes)
used_other_dishes[cat].add(dish)
return dish
# 生成菜单
meals = []
for day in range(total_days):
# 午餐
lunch_pork, lunch_pork_type = select_pork('lunch', day)
lunch_other = select_other()
# 晚餐
dinner_pork, dinner_pork_type = select_pork('dinner', day)
dinner_other = select_other()
meals.append({
'lunch': [lunch_pork, lunch_other],
'dinner': [dinner_pork, dinner_other],
'lunch_pork_type': lunch_pork_type,
'dinner_pork_type': dinner_pork_type
})
return meals
def write_meat_to_all_sheets(file_path, output_path):
"""Excel写入器"""
wb = load_workbook(file_path)
all_meals = generate_non_repeating_meals(56)
# 按周分组
weekly_meals = [all_meals[i * 7:(i + 1) * 7] for i in range(8)]
for sheet_idx, (sheet_name, week_meals) in enumerate(zip(wb.sheetnames, weekly_meals)):
if sheet_idx >= len(weekly_meals):
break
ws = wb[sheet_name]
# 指定写入数据列（A、C、E、G、I、K、M列）
odd_columns = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13]
# 写入数据
for day, meals in enumerate(week_meals):
col = odd_columns[day]
# 午餐
ws.cell(row=4, column=col, value=meals['lunch'][0])
ws.cell(row=5, column=col, value=meals['lunch'][1])
# 晚餐
ws.cell(row=11, column=col, value=meals['dinner'][0])
ws.cell(row=12, column=col, value=meals['dinner'][1])
# 设置格式
for row in [4, 5, 11, 12]:
for col in odd_columns:
ws.cell(row=row, column=col).alignment = Alignment(
horizontal='center',
vertical='center',
wrap_text=True)
print(f"已处理 sheet【{sheet_name}】的肉类数据")
wb.save(output_path)
print(f"所有肉类数据已写入: {output_path}")
# 打印统计信息
print("\n菜单统计:")
pork_types_count = {"pork_1": 0, "pork_2": 0, "pork_3": 0, "pork_4": 0}
for meal in all_meals:
pork_types_count[meal['lunch_pork_type']] += 1
pork_types_count[meal['dinner_pork_type']] += 1
total_pork_meals = sum(pork_types_count.values())
for cat, count in pork_types_count.items():
percentage = count / total_pork_meals * 100
print(f"{cat}使用次数: {count} ({percentage:.1f}%)")
if __name__ == "__main__":
input_path = r'D:\文档\WXWork\1688855493661308\Cache\File\2025-11\食堂菜单 - 副本.xlsm'
output_path = r'D:\优化版食堂菜单.xlsx'
write_meat_to_all_sheets(input_path, output_path)```