Linux本地部署deepseek大模型之 6. Windows本地连接远程云服务器中的MySQL常见错误的解决办法

richxu202510012025-11-05 11:18

看到您的连接问题了。这是一个典型的远程连接 MySQL 被拒绝的情况。让我帮您一步步解决。

问题原因分析

连接超时通常是由于以下几个原因：

  1. MySQL 未允许远程连接
  2. 防火墙未开放 3306 端口
  3. MySQL 用户权限限制
  4. 云服务器安全组配置

解决方案

1. 首先在云服务器上检查 MySQL 容器状态

bash 复制代码 
# 进入容器检查MySQL是否正常运行
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "STATUS;"

2. 检查 MySQL 的绑定地址

bash 复制代码 
# 进入MySQL容器查看绑定配置
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'bind%';"

如果 bind_address 是 127.0.0.1，需要改为 0.0.0.0：

bash 复制代码 
# 方法一：临时修改
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SET GLOBAL bind_address='0.0.0.0';"

# 方法二：永久修改（推荐）
# 先停止容器
docker stop mysql8-imooc

# 重新启动容器，添加绑定参数
docker run -d --name mysql8-imooc \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=您的密码 \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  mysql:8.4.4 \
  --bind-address=0.0.0.0

3. 创建远程访问用户并授权

bash 复制代码 
# 进入MySQL
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p

# 在MySQL中执行以下命令：
# 创建远程访问用户（替换'your_password'为实际密码）
CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_password';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

4. 检查云服务器防火墙

bash 复制代码 
# 检查ufw状态
ufw status

# 如果ufw开启，确保3306端口开放
ufw allow 3306

# 检查iptables
iptables -L

5. 检查云服务商安全组规则

这是最常见的问题！您需要在云服务商控制台配置：

  • 登录云服务商控制台 → 安全组 → 添加规则
  • 协议类型: TCP
  • 端口范围: 3306
  • 授权对象 : 0.0.0.0/0 (或您的本地IP)

6. 在服务器上测试端口连通性

bash 复制代码 
# 检查3306端口是否监听
netstat -tlnp | grep 3306

# 从服务器本地测试连接
telnet 127.0.0.1 3306

# 检查容器端口映射
docker port mysql8-imooc

7. 完整的诊断脚本

在云服务器上运行这个脚本来检查所有配置：

bash 复制代码 
#!/bin/bash
echo "=== 检查MySQL容器状态 ==="
docker ps | grep mysql

echo "=== 检查端口监听 ==="
netstat -tlnp | grep 3306

echo "=== 检查MySQL绑定地址 ==="
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'bind%';" 2>/dev/null

echo "=== 检查用户权限 ==="
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user;" 2>/dev/null

echo "=== 检查防火墙状态 ==="
ufw status | grep 3306

推荐的重置方案

如果上述步骤复杂，最简单的方法是：

bash 复制代码 
# 1. 停止并删除现有容器
docker stop mysql8-imooc
docker rm mysql8-imooc

# 2. 重新启动容器，配置远程访问
docker run -d --name mysql8-imooc \
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -v /home/mysql8/data:/var/lib/mysql \
  mysql:8.4.4 \
  --bind-address=0.0.0.0

请按照以上步骤操作，第5步（云服务商安全组）是最关键的，大多数连接问题都是因为这个没有配置。完成这些配置后，您的 Windows 本地应该就能连接成功了。

复制代码 
ubuntu@VM-0-16-ubuntu:~$ sudo -i
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:~# ls
snap  software
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:~# cd /home
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# ls
mysql8  software  ubuntu
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker images 
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    1b44b5a3e06a   2 months ago   10.1kB
mysql         8.4.4     4a8a163431d3   9 months ago   769MB
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS                                                    NAMES
8ae78011b41f   mysql:8.4.4   "docker-entrypoint.s..."   21 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes             0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, [::]:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql8-imooc
0ea4334dfabd   hello-world   "/hello"                 39 hours ago     Exited (0) 39 hours ago                                                            wonderful_borg
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "STATUS;"
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "STATUS;"
Enter password: 
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.4 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:          11
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         8.4.4 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8mb4
Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
Client characterset:    latin1
Conn.  characterset:    latin1
UNIX socket:            /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:         Hexadecimal
Uptime:                 17 min 14 sec

Threads: 3  Questions: 11  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 130  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 49  Queries per second avg: 0.010
--------------

root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker stop mysql8-imooc
mysql8-imooc
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home#  docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql8-imooc \
-v /home/mysql8/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /home/mysql8/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Abc_123456789 \
-d mysql:8.4.4 \
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/mysql8-imooc" is already in use by container "8ae78011b41f08e73075c479e06d88eab3a8533124bee7d8c4e40113b2f32eab". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.

Run 'docker run --help' for more information
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker stop mysql8-imooc
mysql8-imooc
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
8ae78011b41f   mysql:8.4.4   "docker-entrypoint.s..."   24 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             mysql8-imooc
0ea4334dfabd   hello-world   "/hello"                 39 hours ago     Exited (0) 39 hours ago                   wonderful_borg
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker rmi mysql8-imooc
Error response from daemon: No such image: mysql8-imooc:latest
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker rmi 8ae78011b41f
Error response from daemon: No such image: 8ae78011b41f:latest
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home#  docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql8-imooc \
-v /home/mysql8/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /home/mysql8/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Abc_123456789 \
-d mysql:8.4.4 \
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
docker: Error response from daemon: Conflict. The container name "/mysql8-imooc" is already in use by container "8ae78011b41f08e73075c479e06d88eab3a8533124bee7d8c4e40113b2f32eab". You have to remove (or rename) that container to be able to reuse that name.

Run 'docker run --help' for more information
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# 
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# 
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker rm mysql8-imooc
mysql8-imooc
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker ps -a 
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND    CREATED        STATUS                    PORTS     NAMES
0ea4334dfabd   hello-world   "/hello"   39 hours ago   Exited (0) 39 hours ago             wonderful_borg
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql8-imooc \
-v /home/mysql8/log:/var/log/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/data:/var/lib/mysql \
-v /home/mysql8/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \
-v /home/mysql8/mysql-files:/var/lib/mysql-files \
-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=Abc_123456789 \
-d mysql:8.4.4 \
--bind-address=0.0.0.0 \
--character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
3f6cf4a44feb8e7ac02d6ce70a3880fb8e1524aa3e7a3cd2a63e21113922ff85
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE         COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                    PORTS                                                    NAMES
3f6cf4a44feb   mysql:8.4.4   "docker-entrypoint.s..."   18 seconds ago   Up 17 seconds             0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, [::]:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql8-imooc
0ea4334dfabd   hello-world   "/hello"                 39 hours ago     Exited (0) 39 hours ago                                                            wonderful_borg
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -pAbc_123456789 -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'bind%';"
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
+---------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value   |
+---------------+---------+
| bind_address  | 0.0.0.0 |
+---------------+---------+
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "STATUS;"
Enter password: 
--------------
mysql  Ver 8.4.4 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

Connection id:          9
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server version:         8.4.4 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8mb4
Db     characterset:    utf8mb4
Client characterset:    latin1
Conn.  characterset:    latin1
UNIX socket:            /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
Binary data as:         Hexadecimal
Uptime:                 4 min 7 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 10  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 136  Flush tables: 3  Open tables: 55  Queries per second avg: 0.040
--------------

root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 8.4.4 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2025, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> CREATE USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'Abc_123456789';
 GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation CREATE USER failed for 'root'@'%'
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> EXIT;
Bye
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# ufw status
Status: inactive
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# ufw allow 3306
Rules updated
Rules updated (v6)
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# iptables -L
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         
YJ-FIREWALL-INPUT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER-USER  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
DOCKER-FORWARD  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain DOCKER (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     tcp  --  anywhere             172.17.0.2           tcp dpt:mysql
DROP       all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain DOCKER-BRIDGE (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain DOCKER-CT (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere             ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED

Chain DOCKER-FORWARD (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER-CT  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
DOCKER-BRIDGE  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            
ACCEPT     all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2  all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
DROP       all  --  anywhere             anywhere            

Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         

Chain YJ-FIREWALL-INPUT (1 references)
target     prot opt source               destination         
REJECT     all  --  157.245.67.217       anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  185.156.73.233       anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  80.94.95.115         anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  80.94.95.116         anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  107-173-154-136-host.colocrossing.com  anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  117.72.204.255       anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  167.99.38.212        anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  161.132.48.14        anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  203.195.82.113       anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  170.78.230.60        anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
REJECT     all  --  106.36.198.78        anywhere             reject-with icmp-port-unreachable
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# netstat -tlnp | grep 3306
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      107495/docker-proxy 
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      107502/docker-proxy 
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# telnet 127.0.0.1 3306
Trying 127.0.0.1...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
I
8.4.4
     @}@3WM��]k`L       mpiZEcaching_sha2_password2#08S01Got timeout reading communication packetsConnection closed by foreign host.
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# docker port mysql8-imooc
3306/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:3306
3306/tcp -> [::]:3306
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home# #!/bin/bash
echo "=== 检查MySQL容器状态 ==="
docker ps | grep mysql

echo "=== 检查端口监听 ==="
netstat -tlnp | grep 3306

echo "=== 检查MySQL绑定地址 ==="
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'bind%';" 2>/dev/null

echo "=== 检查用户权限 ==="
docker exec -it mysql8-imooc mysql -uroot -p -e "SELECT user, host FROM mysql.user;" 2>/dev/null

echo "=== 检查防火墙状态 ==="
ufw status | grep 3306
=== 检查MySQL容器状态 ===
3f6cf4a44feb   mysql:8.4.4   "docker-entrypoint.s..."   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, [::]:3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp   mysql8-imooc
=== 检查端口监听 ===
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      107495/docker-proxy 
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      107502/docker-proxy 
=== 检查MySQL绑定地址 ===
Enter password: 
+---------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value   |
+---------------+---------+
| bind_address  | 0.0.0.0 |
+---------------+---------+
=== 检查用户权限 ===
Enter password: 
+------------------+-----------+
| user             | host      |
+------------------+-----------+
| root             | %         |
| mysql.infoschema | localhost |
| mysql.session    | localhost |
| mysql.sys        | localhost |
| root             | localhost |
+------------------+-----------+
=== 检查防火墙状态 ===
root@VM-0-16-ubuntu:/home#
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