Zabbix企业级分布式监控系统
Zabbix管理
- 用户与权限：创建用户 / 用户组，基于 RBAC 分配权限，控制资源访问范围，管理会话安全。
- 主机与主机组：添加主机并分组，关联模板，维护模式切换，监控主机在线状态。
- 模板管理：创建 / 导入模板，实现监控配置复用，支持模板继承与批量关联。
- 监控项与触发器：配置指标采集规则，设置告警阈值与优先级，建立触发器依赖，批量操作优化效率。
- 告警与动作：定义告警级别，配置通知（邮件 / 钉钉）与自动执行命令，设置告警升级、抑制与日志追溯。
- 分布式架构：部署 Proxy 分担 Server 压力，配置通信模式，超大规模场景使用 Node 节点。
- 数据管理：设置数据保留周期，通过 housekeeper 清理过期数据，优化数据库性能。
- 性能优化：监控 Server/Proxy/Agent 运行状态，调整配置参数，精简冗余监控项。
- 备份恢复：定期备份配置文件与数据库，制定灾难恢复流程。
- 日志审计：查看系统运行日志，记录用户操作，便于故障定位与变更追溯。
监控主机
可以更改名称，并完全克隆
更新宏，添加被监控端的ip以及数据库
bash
#被监控端添加数据库
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# yum -y install \
ncurses \
ncurses-devel \
bison \
cmake
#创建程序用户
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# id mysql
uid=1001(mysql) gid=1001(mysql) groups=1001(mysql)
#把所需安装包拖进来
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# rz -E
rz waiting to receive.
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg Desktop Downloads Music Pictures Templates
boost_1_59_0.tar.gz Documents initial-setup-ks.cfg mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz Public Videos
#解压，重命名
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# tar zxvf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@zabbix-agent local]# ls
bin boost_1_59_0 etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@zabbix-agent local]# mv boost_1_59_0/ boost
[root@zabbix-agent local]# ls
bin boost etc games include lib lib64 libexec sbin share src
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# tar zxvf mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz
[root@zabbix-agent ~]# cd mysql-5.7.17/
#开始编译
#安装工具
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# yum install gcc gcc-c++
#配置安装参数
cmake \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=1
#并行编译源码生成可执行文件
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# make -j4
#将编译结果安装到指定目录
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# make && make install
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
user = mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data
port = 3306
character_set_server=utf8
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
#权限
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf
#设置环境变量
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# vim /etc/profile
#如下
bash
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# source /etc/profile
#数据库初始化
[root@zabbix-agent mysql-5.7.17]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# bin/mysqld \
--initialize-insecure \
--user=mysql \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# netstat -anpt | grep 3306
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 23745/mysqld
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service.
#数据库密码设置
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# mysqladmin -u root -p password "123"
Enter password:
mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# mysql -u root -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
#授权远程登陆
[root@zabbix-agent mysql]# mysql -u root -p123
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.17 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
邮件服务
server端发送邮件
bash
#zabbix-server安装邮箱服务
[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install -y mailx配置邮箱服务
bash
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/mail.rc
----文件末尾新增---
set from=邮箱地址
set smtp=smtp.163.com
set smtp-auth-user=邮箱地址
set smtp-auth-password=代码
set smtp-auth=login发送测试邮件
bash
[root@zabbix-server ~]# echo "hello world" | mail -s "zb-test" 邮件地址
用脚本发邮件
bash
#创建脚本目录，并重启zabbix服务
[root@zabbix-server ~]# vim /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
[root@zabbix-server ~]# mkdir -p /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
[root@zabbix-server ~]# chown -R zabbix:zabbix /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server.service
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl status zabbix-server.service
#编写邮件发送脚本
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@zabbix-server local]# vim mailx.sh
[root@zabbix-server local]# cat mailx.sh
#!/bin/bash
#send mail
messages=`echo $3 | tr '\r\n' '\n'`
subject=`echo $2 | tr '\r\n' '\n'`
echo "${messages}" | mail -s "${subject}" $1 >>/tmp/mailx.log 2>&1
[root@zabbix-server local]# touch /tmp/mailx.log
[root@zabbix-server local]# chown -R zabbix.zabbix /tmp/mailx.log
[root@zabbix-server local]# mv mailx.sh /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/
[root@zabbix-server local]# cd /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/
[root@zabbix-server alertscripts]# ls
mailx.sh
[root@zabbix-server alertscripts]# chmod +x mailx.sh
#发送邮件
[root@zabbix-server alertscripts]# ./mailx.sh 邮件地址 "say hi" "This is test"
告警服务
bash
#脚本参数
{ALERT.SENDTO}
{ALERT.SUBJECT}
{ALERT.MESSAGE}
bash
默认接收人 ： {TRIGGER.STATUS}:{TRIGGER.NAME}
告警主机：{HOST.NAME}
告警 IP：{HOST.IP}
告警时间：{EVENT.DATE}-{EVENT.TIME}
告警等级：{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}
告警信息：{TRIGGER.NAME}:{ITEM.VALUE}
事件 ID：{EVENT.ID}
bash
#在被监控端关闭数据库服务
init 0重启后
关闭再启动mysql后
问题排查与优化
常见故障排查
- Agent 离线：检查端口（10050/10051）、防火墙、配置文件中 Server 地址是否正确。
- 数据采集异常：查看 Agent 日志（/var/log/zabbix/）、监控项类型与权限（如脚本执行权限）。
- 告警不触发：排查触发器表达式、动作配置（接收人、媒介）、告警抑制规则。