Oracle ORION（Oracle IO Number）是Oracle提供的存储性能测试工具，Oracle并不对其提供技术支持。该工具的最大特点在于可以在没安装Oracle Database软件的情况下，模拟Oracle负载，测试随机或顺序访问指定大小块的性能，性能指标包括：IOPS，MBPS，Latency（延迟时间）。
从Oracle Database 11g开始，ORION工具被集成到GI和Database软件中，所以在GI_HOME/bin和ORACLE_HOME/bin目录下都可以找到这个工具。
19c环境下自带orion工具：
root@rac1 \~\]# cat orion.lun /dev/asm_data03 \[root@rac1 \~\]# \[root@rac1 \~\]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/bin/orion -run simple -hugenotneeded -testname orion.lun ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version RDBMS_19.3.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_190417 orion.lun_20251123_1334 Failure in opening .lun file orion.lun.lun (rwbase_read_luncfg:SlfFopen)orion_parse_args: rwbase_read_luncfg failed \[root@rac1 \~\]# /u01/app/19.3.0/grid/bin/orion -run simple -hugenotneeded -testname orion ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version RDBMS_19.3.0.0.0DBRU_LINUX.X64_190417 orion_20251123_1334 Calibration will take approximately 9 minutes. Using a large value for -cache_size may take longer. Setting ftype=0 Maximum Large MBPS=117.62 @ Small=0 and Large=2 Maximum Small IOPS=5642 @ Small=3 and Large=0 Small Read Latency: avg=530.829 us, min=177.518 us, max=294896.947 us, std dev=1026.079 us @ Small=3 and Large=0 Minimum Small Latency=260.575 usecs @ Small=1 and Large=0 Small Read Latency: avg=260.575 us, min=162.725 us, max=21875.637 us, std dev=244.662 us @ Small=1 and Large=0 Small Read / Write Latency Histogram @ Small=1 and Large=0 Latency: # of IOs (read) # of IOs (write) 0 - 128 us: 0 ( 0.00%) 0 ( 0.00%) 128 - 256 us: 178266 ( 77.72%) 0 ( 0.00%) 256 - 512 us: 44162 ( 96.98%) 0 ( 0.00%) 512 - 1024 us: 3869 ( 98.67%) 0 ( 0.00%) 1024 - 2048 us: 2300 ( 99.67%) 0 ( 0.00%) 2048 - 4096 us: 604 ( 99.93%) 0 ( 0.00%) 4096 - 8192 us: 147 (100.00%) 0 ( 0.00%) 8192 - 16384 us: 8 (100.00%) 0 ( 0.00%) 16384 - 32768 us: 2 (100.00%) 0 ( 0.00%) 32768 - 268435456 us: 0 (100.00%) 0 ( 0.00%) **1.下面是$GI_HOME/bin目录下的ORION工具。** \[root@rhel1 \~\]#cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin \[root@rhel1 bin\]# ./orion -help ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version 11.2.0.2.0 ORION runs IO performance tests that model Oracle RDBMS IO workloads. It measures the performance of small (2-32K) IOs and large (128K+) IOs at various load levels. Each Orion data point is a test for a specific mix of small and large IO loads sustained for a duration. An Orion test consists of multiple data point tests. These data point tests can be represented as a two-dimensional matrix. Each column in the matrix represents data point tests with the same small IO load, but varying large IO loads. Each row represents data point tests with the same large IO load, but varying small IO loads. An Orion test can be for a single point, a single row, a single column, or the whole matrix. The 'run' parameter is the only mandatory parameter. Defaults are indicated for all other parameters. For additional information on the user interface, see the Orion User Guide. is the prefix used for all input and output filenames. By default, it is 'orion'. It can be specified with the 'testname' parameter. .lun should contain a carriage-return-separated list of LUNs. The output files for a test run are prefixed by _ where date is "yyyymmdd_hhmm". The output files are: __summary.txt - Summary of the input parameters, along with the minimum small IO latency (in usecs), the maximum MBPS, and the maximum IOPS observed. __mbps.csv - Performance results of large IOs in MBPS. __iops.csv - Performance results of small IOs in IOPS. __lat.csv - Latency of small IOs in microseconds. __hist.csv - Histogram of IO latencies. __trace.txt - Extended, unprocessed output. WARNING: IF YOU ARE PERFORMING WRITE TESTS, BE PREPARED TO LOSE ANY DATA STORED ON THE LUNS. 如果执行写测试，存储在LUN中的数据会丢失！ Mandatory parameters: run Type of workload to run (simple, normal, advanced, dss, oltp). simple - Tests random small (8K) IOs at various loads, then random large (1M) IOs at various loads. normal - Tests combinations of random small (8K) IOs and random large (1M) IOs. advanced - Tests the workload specified by the user using optional parameters. dss - Tests with random large (1M) IOs at increasing loads to determine the maximum throughput. oltp - Tests with random small (8K) IOs at increasing loads to determine the maximum IOPS. 该版本的ORION工具只有run是必选参数。 simple 在可变负载的情况下测试随机小IO(8K)，然后再在可变负载的情况下测试随机大IO(1M)的性能。 normal 测试随机小IO(8K)和随机大IO(1M)的性能。 advanced 通过使用可选的参数自定义负载情况。 dss 在负载不断增加的情况下测试随机大IO(1M)，找出最大的吞吐量。 oltp 在负载不断增加的情况下测试随机小IO(8K)，找出最大的IOPS值。 Optional parameters: testname Name of the test run. num_disks Number of disks (physical spindles). This number is used to gauge the range of loads that Orion should test at. Increasing this parameter results in Orion using heavier IO loads. Default is the number of LUNs in .lun. 默认测试.lun包含的所有LUN。 size_small Size of small IOs in KB. Default is 8. 默认8K。 size_large Size of large IOs in KB. Default is 1024.默认1024K。 type Type of large IOs (rand, seq). Default is rand. rand - Randomly distributed large IOs. seq - Sequential streams of large IOs. num_streamIO Number of concurrent IOs per stream. This parameter is only used if -type is seq. Default is 4. simulate Orion tests on a virtual LUN formed by combining the specified LUNs in one of these ways. This parameter is typically only used if -type is seq. Default is concat. concat - A serial concatenation of the LUNs. Each sequential stream issues IOs to only one LUN. raid0 - A RAID-0 mapping across the LUNs. Each sequential stream issues IOs across all LUNs, using RAID-0 striping. write Percentage of IOs that are writes (SEE WARNING ABOVE). Default is 0. cache_size Size in MBs of the array's cache. Unless this option is set to 0, Orion issues a number of unmeasured, random IOs before each large sequential data point. These IOs fill up the storage array's cache (if any) with random data so that IOs from one data point do not result in cache hits for the next data point. Read tests are preceded with junk reads and write tests are preceded with junk writes. If specified, this 'cache warming' is performed until cache_size MBs of IO have been read or written. Default behavior is to issue 2 minutes of unmeasured random IOs before each data point. 据说在AIX平台，cache_size的值对测试结果影响较大，并不能真实的反应存储的性能；在Linux平台不存在此问题，测试的结果较准确。 duration Duration of each data point in seconds. Default is 60. duration指定每个数据指针持续的时间，默认60秒。 num_small Number of outstanding small IOs. This parameter controls the small IO load. Only used if -matrix is point, col, or max. No default. num_large This parameter controls the large IO load. For -type rand, number of outstanding large IOs. For -type seq, number of sequential IO streams. Only used if -matrix is point, row, or max. No default. matrix An Orion test consists of multiple data point tests. These data point tests can be represented as a two-dimensional matrix. Each column in the matrix represents data point tests with the same small IO load, but varying large IO loads. Each row represents data point tests with the same large IO load, but varying small IO loads. An Orion test can be for a single point, a single row, a single column, or the whole matrix, depending on the matrix option setting below. Default is basic. basic - Test small IOs only, then large IOs only. detailed - Test entire matrix. point - Test with num_small small IOs, num_large large IOs. col - Test a varying large IO load with num_small small IOs. row - Test a varying small IO load with num_large large IOs. max - Test varying loads up to the num_small and num_large limits. verbose Prints tracing information to standard output if set. Not set by default. Examples: For a preliminary set of data -run simple For a basic set of data -run normal To evaluate storage for an OLTP database -run oltp To evaluate storage for a data warehouse -run dss To generate combinations of 32KB and 1MB reads to random locations -run advanced -size_small 32 -size_large 1024 -type rand -matrix detailed To generate multiple sequential 1MB write streams, simulating RAID0 striping -run advanced -simulate RAID0 -write 100 -type seq -matrix col -num_small 0 **2.下面是实际的测试操作。** 1).创建LUN配置文件。 在\~目录下创建orion.lun文件，将如下内容添加到文件中： /dev/sdj1 在没有指定名称的情况下，orion是默认名称，.lun是固定的扩展名；执行命令时如果指定testname参数，那么对应的值不需要指定.lun扩展名。 2).执行orion测试。 \[root@rhel1 \~\]# /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/orion -run simple ORION: ORacle IO Numbers -- Version 11.2.0.2.0 orion_20140407_2028 Calibration will take approximately 9 minutes. Using a large value for -cache_size may take longer. 这里显示测试时间为9分钟，ORION测试时长无法控制。 Maximum Large MBPS=35.13 @ Small=0 and Large=2 这句的含义是：最大吞吐量为35.13MB，是在测试第二个大IO(1M)得出的值，查看生成的trace文件可以看到有关第二个大IO的详细信息。 Maximum Small IOPS=86 @ Small=5 and Large=0 Small Read Latency: avg=57862 us, min=12943 us, max=270920 us, std dev=25577 us @ Small=5 and Large=0 这段的含义是：最大小IO的IOPS值为86，是在测试第5个小IO(8K)得出的值。 小IO读的延迟情况，平均值/最小值/最大值。 **有关时间单位的说明：** 国际单位制词头经常与秒结合以做更细微的划分，例如ms（毫秒，千分之一秒）、us（微秒，百万分之一秒）和ns（纳秒，十亿分之一秒）。虽然国际单位制词头虽然也可以用于扩增时间，例如ks（千秒）、Ms（百万秒）和Gs（十亿秒），但实际上很少这样子使用，大家都还是习惯用60进制的分、时和24进制的日做为秒的扩充。 Minimum Small Latency=15313 usecs @ Small=1 and Large=0 Small Read Latency: avg=15313 us, min=726 us, max=231989 us, std dev=24119 us @ Small=1 and Large=0 这段的含义是：小IO测试的最小延迟是15313微妙（也就是15毫秒），是在测试第1个小IO得出的值。 小IO读测试的延迟情况，平均值/最小值/最大值。 Small Read / Write Latency Histogram @ Small=5 and Large=0 下面是小IO读写延迟柱状图： Latency: # of IOs (read) # of IOs (write) 0 - 1 us: 0 0 2 - 4 us: 0 0 4 - 8 us: 0 0 8 - 16 us: 0 0 16 - 32 us: 0 0 32 - 64 us: 0 0 64 - 128 us: 0 0 128 - 256 us: 0 0 256 - 512 us: 0 0 512 - 1024 us: 14 0 1024 - 2048 us: 21 0 2048 - 4096 us: 257 0 4096 - 8192 us: 1220 0 8192 - 16384 us: 1994 0 16384 - 32768 us: 82 0 32768 - 65536 us: 158 0 65536 - 131072 us: 127 0 131072 - 262144 us: 49 0 262144 - 524288 us: 0 0 524288 - 1048576 us: 0 0 1048576 - 2097152 us: 0 0 2097152 - 4194304 us: 0 0 4194304 - 8388608 us: 0 0 8388608 - 16777216 us: 0 0 16777216 - 33554432 us: 0 0 33554432 - 67108864 us: 0 0 67108864 - 134217728 us: 0 0 134217728 - 268435456 us: 0 0 大部分的IO延迟都处在8192 - 16384us之间。 命令执行完成之后，在执行命令时的目录下产生了如下的文件： \[root@rhel1 \~\]# ll total 104 -rw------- 1 root root 1076 Jun 17 2011 anaconda-ks.cfg -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 116 May 8 2009 ctss.sh drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 17 2011 Desktop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33383 Jun 17 2011 install.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3682 Jun 17 2011 install.log.syslog -rw-r----- 1 root root 580 Mar 24 00:34 oks.log drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 13 2012 oradiag_root -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7004 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_hist.txt 柱状图情况，包括每个数据指针操作期间（默认60秒）的IO延迟柱状图 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 526 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_iops.csv IOPS情况 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 554 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_lat.csv 延迟情况 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 498 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_mbps.csv MBPS情况 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1743 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_summary.txt 概要 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3242 Apr 7 20:35 orion_20140407_2028_trace.txt 详细的跟踪文件 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 Apr 7 20:04 orion.lun 3).查看测试结果。 a).IOPS测试结果： 我们可以非常容易的将orion_20140407_2028_iops.csv文件以图的形式展现出来：  最高的IOPS大概为85，有些文章说横坐标表示的是并发度，我们可以认为它是一个负载强度。 b).Latency测试结果： 将orion_20140407_2028_lat.csv数据以图表的形式展现出来：  IO延迟在50\~60毫秒之间。 c).MBPS测试结果： 查看orion_20140407_2028_mbps.csv文件：  24.98表示小IO的吞吐量。 35.12表示大IO的吞吐量。 **3.** **使用DD对磁盘进行快速而直接的测试。** 执行下面的命令测试文件系统的写性能： \[root@homeserver /\]# time sh -c "dd if=/dev/zero of=dd-test-file bs=8k count=1000000 \&\& sync" 1000000+0 records in 1000000+0 records out 8192000000 bytes (8.2 GB) copied, 139.084 seconds, 58.9 MB/s real 2m26.057s（表示真实时间） user 0m1.360s sys 0m24.854s 参考文章：[http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/misc/measuring-storage-performance-for-oracle-systems.php](http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/misc/measuring-storage-performance-for-oracle-systems.php "http://www.oracle-base.com/articles/misc/measuring-storage-performance-for-oracle-systems.php")