目录
Oracle19c-单机版数据库启动、关闭
前提：
使用sys / as sysdba进入Oracle数据库中的连接方式。此时未连接任何实例。
1、启库（一键启动，也可依次进行启动）
命令：startup。该命令用于一键对数据库进行启动
1.1.nomunt阶段
读取参数文件，分配内存（SGA+PGA）,启动后台进程，生成实例
startup nomount
注：可以看出，在没进入nomount阶段的时候，此时查询实例的状态是没有对应的输出的，当进入nomount阶段之后，在独取对应参数文件，分配内存过后，就产生了相应的实例内容，此时进入了数据库启动的第一个状态：started。
状态：STARTED
1.2.mount阶段
读取控制文件，获取文件的位置，记录数据库状态，维护数据库的一致性
alter database mount;
状态：mounted
1.3.open阶段
检查三大文件（参数文件、控制文件、在线日志文件）,检查数据库一致性
alter database open;
状态：open
启动监听：！lsnrctl start
注意：带上！号后证明执行的是操作系统中的命令
**注册一下实例：**alter system register;
其主要是为了：
-
让监听器知道哪些数据库实例可用
-
客户端连接时，监听器可以将连接请求转发到正确的实例
bash
[root@rac01 dbhome_1]# find / -name listener.ora
/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/samples/listener.ora
[root@rac01 dbhome_1]# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19c/dbhome_1/network/admin/samples/
[root@rac01 samples]# ll
总用量 44
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3867 9月 10 1997 listener.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 32844 5月 19 2014 sqlnet.ora
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 2939 2月 14 1997 tnsnames.ora
[root@rac01 samples]# cat listener.ora
# copyright (c) 1997 by the Oracle Corporation
#
# NAME
# listener.ora
# FUNCTION
# Network Listener startup parameter file example
# NOTES
# This file contains all the parameters for listener.ora,
# and could be used to configure the listener by uncommenting
# and changing values. Multiple listeners can be configured
# in one listener.ora, so listener.ora parameters take the form
# of SID_LIST_<lsnr>, where <lsnr> is the name of the listener
# this parameter refers to. All parameters and values are
# case-insensitive.
# <lsnr>
# This parameter specifies both the name of the listener, and
# it listening address(es). Other parameters for this listener
# us this name in place of <lsnr>. When not specified,
# the name for <lsnr> defaults to "LISTENER", with the default
# address value as shown below.
#
# LISTENER =
# (ADDRESS_LIST=
# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))
# (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=PNPKEY)))
# SID_LIST_<lsnr>
# List of services the listener knows about and can connect
# clients to. There is no default. See the Net8 Administrator's
# Guide for more information.
#
# SID_LIST_LISTENER=
# (SID_LIST=
# (SID_DESC=
# #BEQUEATH CONFIG
# (GLOBAL_DBNAME=salesdb.mycompany)
# (SID_NAME=sid1)
# (ORACLE_HOME=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3)
# #PRESPAWN CONFIG
# (PRESPAWN_MAX=20)
# (PRESPAWN_LIST=
# (PRESPAWN_DESC=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(POOL_SIZE=2)(TIMEOUT=1))
# )
# )
# )
# PASSWORDS_<lsnr>
# Specifies a password to authenticate stopping the listener.
# Both encrypted and plain-text values can be set. Encrypted passwords
# can be set and stored using lsnrctl.
# LSNRCTL> change_password
# Will prompt for old and new passwords, and use encryption both
# to match the old password and to set the new one.
# LSNRCTL> set password
# Will prompt for the new password, for authentication with
# the listener. The password must be set before running the next
# command.
# LSNRCTL> save_config
# Will save the changed password to listener.ora. These last two
# steps are not necessary if SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr> is ON.
# See below.
#
# Default: NONE
#
# PASSWORDS_LISTENER = 20A22647832FB454 # "foobar"
# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to save configuration changes to listener.ora when
# it shuts down. Changed parameter values will be written to the file,
# while preserving formatting and comments.
# Default: OFF
# Values: ON/OFF
#
# SAVE_CONFIG_ON_STOP_LISTENER = ON
# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_<lsnr>
# Tells the listener to contact an Onames server and register itself
# and its services with Onames.
# Values: ON/OFF
# Default: OFF
#
# USE_PLUG_AND_PLAY_LISTENER = ON
# LOG_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's log file. The .log extension
# is added automatically.
# Default=<lsnr>
#
# LOG_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr
# LOG_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's log file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/log
#
# LOG_DIRECTORY_LISTENER = /private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/log
# TRACE_LEVEL_<lsnr>
# Specifies desired tracing level.
# Default: OFF
# Values: OFF/USER/ADMIN/SUPPORT/0-16
#
# TRACE_LEVEL_LISTENER = SUPPORT
# TRACE_FILE_<lsnr>
# Sets the name of the listener's trace file. The .trc extension
# is added automatically.
# Default: <lsnr>
#
# TRACE_FILE_LISTENER = lsnr
# TRACE_DIRECTORY_<lsnr>
# Sets the directory for the listener's trace file.
# Default: <oracle_home>/network/trace
#
# TRACE_DIRECTORY_LISTENER=/private/app/oracle/product/8.0.3/network/trace
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_<lsnr>
# Sets the number of seconds that the listener waits to get a
# valid database query after it has been started.
# Default: 10
#
# CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER=10
[root@rac01 samples]# su oracle
[oracle@rac01 samples]$ cat ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl # 数据库实例名（自定义，如orcl、prod）
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8 # 字符集（或ZHS16GBK）
[oracle@rac01 samples]$2、一致性关库
2.1.关闭监听
2.2.关闭数据库
shutdown immediate
