Netty是一个高性能的网络应用程序框架，它支持多种协议和传输方式。下面是一些常见的协议和传输方式，以及使用Netty实现的示例代码：
- TCP协议：
java
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
public class TcpServer {
private final int port;
public TcpServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new TcpServerHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
TcpServer server = new TcpServer(port);
server.run();
}
}
public class TcpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
// 处理收到的消息
// ...
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
// 处理异常
// ...
}
}- UDP协议：
java
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.DatagramChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioDatagramChannel;
public class UdpServer {
private final int port;
public UdpServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioDatagramChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BROADCAST, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<DatagramChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(DatagramChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new UdpServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
UdpServer server = new UdpServer(port);
server.run();
}
}
public class UdpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<DatagramPacket> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, DatagramPacket msg) throws Exception {
// 处理收到的消息
// ...
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
// 处理异常
// ...
}
}- HTTP协议：
java
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
public class HttpServer {
private final int port;
public HttpServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
HttpServer server = new HttpServer(port);
server.run();
}
}
public class HttpServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {
// 处理HTTP请求
// ...
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
// 处理异常
// ...
}
}- WebSocket协议：
java
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketFrameAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
public class WebSocketServer {
private final int port;
public WebSocketServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
ch.pipeline().addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketFrameAggregator(65536));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/websocket"));
ch.pipeline().addLast(new WebSocketServerHandler());
}
})
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync();
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port = 8080;
WebSocketServer server = new WebSocketServer(port);
server.run();
}
}
public class WebSocketServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<WebSocketFrame> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, WebSocketFrame frame) throws Exception {
// 处理WebSocket帧
// ...
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
// 处理异常
// ...
}
}上面的示例代码展示了使用Netty实现TCP、UDP、HTTP和WebSocket协议的服务器。通过使用不同的Channel和处理器，可以实现不同协议的支持。