Maven进阶

Gu_yyqx2025-12-20 18:05

一、多模块项目架构设计

1.1 复杂项目结构设计

复制代码 
enterprise-project/
├── parent-pom/                    # 顶层父POM（BOM管理）
├── common/
│   ├── common-core/              # 核心工具类
│   ├── common-utils/             # 工具模块
│   └── common-security/          # 安全模块
├── business/
│   ├── business-api/             # 业务API接口
│   ├── business-service/         # 业务服务实现
│   └── business-dao/             # 数据访问层
├── service/
│   ├── user-service/             # 用户服务
│   ├── order-service/            # 订单服务
│   └── payment-service/          # 支付服务
├── web/
│   ├── web-admin/                # 管理后台
│   ├── web-portal/               # 门户网站
│   └── web-api-gateway/          # API网关
├── infrastructure/
│   ├── config-server/            # 配置中心
│   ├── eureka-server/            # 服务注册中心
│   └── zipkin-server/            # 链路追踪
└── build/                        # 构建配置
    ├── jenkins/                  # Jenkins流水线
    ├── docker/                   # Docker配置
    └── kubernetes/               # K8s配置

1.2 继承与聚合的深度应用

顶级父POM (parent-pom/pom.xml):

XML 复制代码 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
         http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
    <!-- 公司级坐标 -->
    <groupId>com.company</groupId>
    <artifactId>company-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <!-- 统一版本管理 -->
    <properties>
        <!-- Java版本 -->
        <java.version>11</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        
        <!-- Spring -->
        <spring-boot.version>2.6.3</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.1</spring-cloud.version>
        
        <!-- 数据库 -->
        <mysql.version>8.0.28</mysql.version>
        <mybatis.version>2.2.2</mybatis.version>
        
        <!-- 中间件 -->
        <redis.version>3.17.1</redis.version>
        <kafka.version>3.0.0</kafka.version>
        
        <!-- 工具 -->
        <lombok.version>1.18.22</lombok.version>
        <mapstruct.version>1.4.2.Final</mapstruct.version>
        <guava.version>31.0.1-jre</guava.version>
    </properties>
    
    <!-- 依赖管理：企业级BOM -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- Spring Boot BOM -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- Spring Cloud BOM -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- 公司内部依赖管理 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.company</groupId>
                <artifactId>company-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    
    <!-- 构建配置继承 -->
    <build>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <!-- 统一编译器配置 -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.10.1</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <source>${java.version}</source>
                        <target>${java.version}</target>
                        <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
                        <annotationProcessorPaths>
                            <path>
                                <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                                <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                                <version>${lombok.version}</version>
                            </path>
                            <path>
                                <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
                                <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
                                <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
                            </path>
                        </annotationProcessorPaths>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
                
                <!-- 资源过滤 -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.2.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <delimiters>
                            <delimiter>@</delimiter>
                        </delimiters>
                        <useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
    
    <!-- 仓库配置 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>company-nexus</id>
            <name>Company Nexus Repository</name>
            <url>https://nexus.company.com/repository/maven-public/</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
                <updatePolicy>daily</updatePolicy>
                <checksumPolicy>fail</checksumPolicy>
            </releases>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
                <updatePolicy>always</updatePolicy>
                <checksumPolicy>warn</checksumPolicy>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    
    <!-- 分发管理 -->
    <distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>company-releases</id>
            <name>Company Releases Repository</name>
            <url>https://nexus.company.com/repository/maven-releases/</url>
        </repository>
        <snapshotRepository>
            <id>company-snapshots</id>
            <name>Company Snapshots Repository</name>
            <url>https://nexus.company.com/repository/maven-snapshots/</url>
        </snapshotRepository>
    </distributionManagement>
    
    <!-- 报告配置 -->
    <reporting>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2.2</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </reporting>
</project>

1.3 模块间依赖优化

使用dependencyManagement集中管理：

XML 复制代码 
<!-- company-dependencies/pom.xml -->
<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.company</groupId>
    <artifactId>company-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 数据库 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>mysql</groupId>
                <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
                <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- Redis -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- 工具链 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
                <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
                <version>${guava.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            
            <!-- 内部共享库 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.company.common</groupId>
                <artifactId>common-core</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

二、高级依赖管理策略

2.1 依赖范围深度解析

XML 复制代码 
<dependencies>
    <!-- compile（默认）：编译、测试、运行 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- provided：编译、测试时使用，运行时由容器提供 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- runtime：运行时需要，编译时不需要 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- test：仅测试使用 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- system：系统依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.sun</groupId>
        <artifactId>tools</artifactId>
        <version>1.8</version>
        <scope>system</scope>
        <systemPath>${java.home}/../lib/tools.jar</systemPath>
    </dependency>
    
    <!-- import：导入BOM -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.company</groupId>
        <artifactId>company-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>${project.version}</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2.2 依赖传递与冲突解决

XML 复制代码 
<!-- 精确控制依赖传递 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>complex-library</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    
    <!-- 排除特定传递依赖 -->
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>*</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
    
    <!-- 可选依赖：不强制传递 -->
    <optional>true</optional>
</dependency>

2.3 依赖锁定文件

maven-lockfile插件：

XML 复制代码 
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-lockfile-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.0</version>
    <configuration>
        <lockFileName>maven-lockfile.xml</lockFileName>
        <includeTransitive>true</includeTransitive>
        <excludedScopes>
            <excludedScope>test</excludedScope>
            <excludedScope>provided</excludedScope>
        </excludedScopes>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <id>generate-lockfile</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>generate-lockfile</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

三、高级构建配置

3.1 Profile策略设计

XML 复制代码 
<!-- 多环境配置 -->
<profiles>
    <!-- 开发环境 -->
    <profile>
        <id>dev</id>
        <activation>
            <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            <property>
                <name>env</name>
                <value>dev</value>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <env.type>dev</env.type>
            <logging.level>DEBUG</logging.level>
            <spring.profiles.active>dev</spring.profiles.active>
        </properties>
        <build>
            <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                    <includes>
                        <include>application-${env.type}.yml</include>
                        <include>application.yml</include>
                    </includes>
                </resource>
            </resources>
        </build>
    </profile>
    
    <!-- 测试环境 -->
    <profile>
        <id>test</id>
        <activation>
            <property>
                <name>env</name>
                <value>test</value>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <env.type>test</env.type>
            <logging.level>INFO</logging.level>
            <spring.profiles.active>test</spring.profiles.active>
        </properties>
        <dependencies>
            <!-- 测试环境特有依赖 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </profile>
    
    <!-- 生产环境 -->
    <profile>
        <id>prod</id>
        <activation>
            <property>
                <name>env</name>
                <value>prod</value>
            </property>
        </activation>
        <properties>
            <env.type>prod</env.type>
            <logging.level>WARN</logging.level>
            <spring.profiles.active>prod</spring.profiles.active>
        </properties>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <!-- 生产环境压缩优化 -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <phase>package</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>shade</goal>
                            </goals>
                            <configuration>
                                <createDependencyReducedPom>false</createDependencyReducedPom>
                                <filters>
                                    <filter>
                                        <artifact>*:*</artifact>
                                        <excludes>
                                            <exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
                                            <exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
                                            <exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
                                        </excludes>
                                    </filter>
                                </filters>
                            </configuration>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
    
    <!-- Docker构建Profile -->
    <profile>
        <id>docker</id>
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
                    <artifactId>dockerfile-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>1.4.13</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <repository>${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</repository>
                        <tag>${project.version}</tag>
                        <buildArgs>
                            <JAR_FILE>target/${project.build.finalName}.jar</JAR_FILE>
                        </buildArgs>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <id>default</id>
                            <phase>install</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>build</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                        <execution>
                            <id>push</id>
                            <phase>deploy</phase>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>push</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </profile>
</profiles>

3.2 自定义资源过滤

XML 复制代码 
<build>
    <resources>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.yml</include>
                <include>**/*.properties</include>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
            </includes>
            <excludes>
                <exclude>**/*.jks</exclude>
                <exclude>**/*.p12</exclude>
            </excludes>
        </resource>
        <resource>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <includes>
                <include>**/*.xml</include>
                <include>**/*.json</include>
            </includes>
            <filtering>false</filtering>
        </resource>
    </resources>
    
    <!-- 属性替换配置 -->
    <filters>
        <filter>src/main/filters/filter-${env.type}.properties</filter>
    </filters>
    
    <!-- 测试资源 -->
    <testResources>
        <testResource>
            <directory>src/test/resources</directory>
            <filtering>true</filtering>
        </testResource>
    </testResources>
</build>
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