3分钟Solidity: 8.6 ERC721(NFT)

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如需获取本内容的最新版本，请参见 Cyfrin.io 上的ERC721（代码示例）

和ERC20一样，ERC721同样是一个代币标准，此代币英文是Non-Fungible Tokens，简写为NFT，即非同质代币。

非同质代币(NFT)是一种具有唯一性识别的代币 ，ERC-20 Token可以无限细分为10^18份，而ERC721的Token最小的单位为1，无法再分割。

由于ERC721代币具有唯一性，不可分割的特点，所以很容易和一些具体的物品关联起来，通过这样一个标准，可以更广泛的应用到实际场景中。

ERC721示例

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.26;

interface IERC165 {
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceID)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);
}

interface IERC721 is IERC165 {
    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256 balance);
    function ownerOf(uint256 tokenId) external view returns (address owner);
    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId)
        external;
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    function approve(address to, uint256 tokenId) external;
    function getApproved(uint256 tokenId)
        external
        view
        returns (address operator);
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool _approved) external;
    function isApprovedForAll(address owner, address operator)
        external
        view
        returns (bool);
}

interface IERC721Receiver {
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

contract ERC721 is IERC721 {
    event Transfer(
        address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 indexed id
    );
    event Approval(
        address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 indexed id
    );
    event ApprovalForAll(
        address indexed owner, address indexed operator, bool approved
    );

    // Mapping from token ID to owner address
    mapping(uint256 => address) internal _ownerOf;

    // Mapping owner address to token count
    mapping(address => uint256) internal _balanceOf;

    // Mapping from token ID to approved address
    mapping(uint256 => address) internal _approvals;

    // Mapping from owner to operator approvals
    mapping(address => mapping(address => bool)) public isApprovedForAll;

    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId)
        external
        pure
        returns (bool)
    {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC721).interfaceId
            || interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }

    function ownerOf(uint256 id) external view returns (address owner) {
        owner = _ownerOf[id];
        require(owner != address(0), "token doesn't exist");
    }

    function balanceOf(address owner) external view returns (uint256) {
        require(owner != address(0), "owner = zero address");
        return _balanceOf[owner];
    }

    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external {
        isApprovedForAll[msg.sender][operator] = approved;
        emit ApprovalForAll(msg.sender, operator, approved);
    }

    function approve(address spender, uint256 id) external {
        address owner = _ownerOf[id];
        require(
            msg.sender == owner || isApprovedForAll[owner][msg.sender],
            "not authorized"
        );

        _approvals[id] = spender;

        emit Approval(owner, spender, id);
    }

    function getApproved(uint256 id) external view returns (address) {
        require(_ownerOf[id] != address(0), "token doesn't exist");
        return _approvals[id];
    }

    function _isApprovedOrOwner(address owner, address spender, uint256 id)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool)
    {
        return (
            spender == owner || isApprovedForAll[owner][spender]
                || spender == _approvals[id]
        );
    }

    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id) public {
        require(from == _ownerOf[id], "from != owner");
        require(to != address(0), "transfer to zero address");

        require(_isApprovedOrOwner(from, msg.sender, id), "not authorized");

        _balanceOf[from]--;
        _balanceOf[to]++;
        _ownerOf[id] = to;

        delete _approvals[id];

        emit Transfer(from, to, id);
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 id) external {
        transferFrom(from, to, id);

        require(
            to.code.length == 0
                || IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, "")
                    == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "unsafe recipient"
        );
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external {
        transferFrom(from, to, id);

        require(
            to.code.length == 0
                || IERC721Receiver(to).onERC721Received(msg.sender, from, id, data)
                    == IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector,
            "unsafe recipient"
        );
    }

    function _mint(address to, uint256 id) internal {
        require(to != address(0), "mint to zero address");
        require(_ownerOf[id] == address(0), "already minted");

        _balanceOf[to]++;
        _ownerOf[id] = to;

        emit Transfer(address(0), to, id);
    }

    function _burn(uint256 id) internal {
        address owner = _ownerOf[id];
        require(owner != address(0), "not minted");

        _balanceOf[owner] -= 1;

        delete _ownerOf[id];
        delete _approvals[id];

        emit Transfer(owner, address(0), id);
    }
}

contract MyNFT is ERC721 {
    function mint(address to, uint256 id) external {
        _mint(to, id);
    }

    function burn(uint256 id) external {
        require(msg.sender == _ownerOf[id], "not owner");
        _burn(id);
    }
}

Remix Lite 尝试一下

• ERC721.solERC721.sol