Mosquitto 部署及联调

序言

本文适用于mqtt mosquitto部署的初步入门，旨在提供一个从0到1的基础操作指引，实现从基础部署到测试联调。关于本文中使用的mosquitto命令详细说明，请自行参考官方文档或其他资料。

准备

1、一台云服务器。

2、本地电脑环境，需要python运行环境。

安装

1、安装mosquitto环境。

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sudo apt install mosquitto mosquitto-clients

2、确认安装是否成功，安装成功之后，会有版本信息打印。

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mosquitto -v

启用服务

1、启动服务。

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sudo systemctl start mosquitto

2、设置开机自启。

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sudo systemctl enable mosquitto

3、查看状态。

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sudo systemctl status mosquitto

配置用户和密码

1、在 /etc/mosquitto/passwd 路径创建密码文件，并添加一个名为 user_test_01 的用户。

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mosquitto_passwd -c /etc/mosquitto/passwd user_test_01

2、根据提示输入两次密码。

3、修改 /etc/mosquitto/mosquitto.conf 文件，在文件末尾插入如下代码。参考官网

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##########    Authentication methods start ##########
per_listener_settings true

# password
listener 1883
password_file /etc/mosquitto/passwd

# plugins
# todo

# anonymous
allow_anonymous false
##########    Authentication methods end ##########

per_listener_settings true：启用授权方法组合策略

listener 1883 和 password_file /etc/mosquitto/passwd：启用网络连接，否则mosquitto会一直保持在 only local 模式下。而且 listener 一定要放在 password_file 前面。

allow_anonymous false：禁用匿名连接。

4、配置完成后重启改服务。

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sudo systemctl restart mosquitto

测试

本地客户端

一、测试原理：本地用python脚本模拟subscriber和publisher客户端，和broker（mosquitto服务器）通信。

二、测试步骤

1、将如下 publisher.py、subscriber.py、config.json放置在统一文件夹下。

2、根据自己的配置，修改config.json。

3、先运行subscriber.py，再运行publisher.py。可以看到publish客户端发送的数据，发给broker后，subscribe客户端能正确收到。

三、测试结果

四、源码

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# publisher.py.py
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import json
import time

with open('config.json', 'r') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

broker_address = config['broker']['host']
broker_port = config['broker']['port']
broker_user = config['broker']['user']
broker_password = config['broker']['password']
broker_topic = config['broker']['topic']

client = mqtt.Client(client_id="publisher")

def on_publish(client, userdata, result):  # 当消息被发送出去后，会调用这个函数
    print("消息发布成功")

def init_publisher_client():
    client.on_publish = on_publish
    client.username_pw_set(broker_user,broker_password)
    ret = client.connect(broker_address)

    if 0 == ret:
        print("publisher connect success")
        return True
    else:
        print("publisher connect failed " + ret)
        return False

def send_message():
    for index in range(0,9):
        message = "Hello MQTT!" + str(index)
        client.publish(broker_topic, message)
        time.sleep(2)

def end_publisher_client():
    client.disconnect()
    print("publisher finish, disconnect")

if init_publisher_client():
    send_message()
    end_publisher_client()
else:
    print("publisher fail")

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# subscriber.py
import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt
import json

with open('config.json', 'r') as f:
    config = json.load(f)

broker_address = config['broker']['host']
broker_port = config['broker']['port']
broker_user = config['broker']['user']
broker_password = config['broker']['password']
broker_topic = config['broker']['topic']

def on_connect(client, userdata, flags, rc):
    print(f"Connected with result code {rc}")
    client.subscribe(broker_topic)

def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
    print(f"Received message: {msg.payload.decode()} on topic {msg.topic}")

client = mqtt.Client(client_id="subscriber")
client.on_connect = on_connect
client.on_message = on_message
client.username_pw_set(broker_user,broker_password)
client.connect(broker_address)
client.loop_start()

try:
    while True:
        pass
except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("Shutting down...")
finally:
    client.disconnect()
    client.loop_stop()

# config.json
{
    "broker": {
        "host": "xx.xx.xx.xx",        # host ip, example: 12.34.56.78
        "port": 1833,                            # 默认 1833
        "user": "user_name",            # mosquitto_passwd 创建的用户名称
        "password": "password",        # mosquitto_passwd 创建的用户对应的密码
        "topic": "test_topic"            # 随便填
    }
}

附

可以查看服务器的日志，某些情况可能有用。

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cat /var/log/mosquitto/mosquitto.log