本文描述如何将Bash版本从5.1.8升级到最新的5.3。
💡 Bash 5.1.8 是系统默认安装版本，可以理解为是稳定和成熟的版本。本文只探讨升级过程，对于生产环境，不建议升级。
我的Linux环境为Oracle Linux 9.7, Bash版本5.1.8：
bash
$ echo $MACHTYPE
x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu
$ cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux release 9.7 (Plow)
$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 5.1.8(1)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.从安装包中查看当前Bash的版本信息：
bash
$ yum list installed | grep bash
bash.x86_64 5.1.8-9.el9 @System
$ yum info bash
Last metadata expiration check: 0:01:51 ago on Fri 16 Jan 2026 06:48:42 AM UTC.
Installed Packages
Name : bash
Version : 5.1.8
Release : 9.el9
Architecture : x86_64
Size : 7.4 M
Source : bash-5.1.8-9.el9.src.rpm
Repository : @System
Summary : The GNU Bourne Again shell
URL : https://www.gnu.org/software/bash
License : GPLv3+
Description : The GNU Bourne Again shell (Bash) is a shell or command language
: interpreter that is compatible with the Bourne shell (sh). Bash
: incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell
: (csh). Most sh scripts can be run by bash without modification.
Available Packages
Name : bash
Version : 5.1.8
Release : 9.el9
Architecture : src
Size : 10 M
Source : None
Repository : ol9_baseos_latest
Summary : The GNU Bourne Again shell
URL : https://www.gnu.org/software/bash
License : GPLv3+
Description : The GNU Bourne Again shell (Bash) is a shell or command language
: interpreter that is compatible with the Bourne shell (sh). Bash
: incorporates useful features from the Korn shell (ksh) and the C shell
: (csh). Most sh scripts can be run by bash without modification.试图自动升级：
$ sudo yum update bash
Last metadata expiration check: 0:35:33 ago on Fri 16 Jan 2026 06:15:31 AM UTC.
Dependencies resolved.
Nothing to do.
Complete!以上输出表示，基于已配置的官方repository，此bash已是最新版。
实际上5.1这个小版本中，最新的是5.1.16。系统认为5.1.8是最新，应该是处于稳定性的考虑。因为Bash是核心组件，官方通常不会通过 yum update 将其进行升级，最多只会推送同一个小版本系列的安全补丁。
由于不能自动升级，只能下载源码手工安装了。以下安装过程参考 GNU Bash手册 10.1 Basic Installation。
目前Bash版本最新为5.3。首先从GNU官网下载Bash源码：
bash
$ wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/bash/bash-5.3.tar.gz
$ ls -lh --time-style=long-iso
total 11M
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11M 2025-07-30 14:07 bash-5.3.tar.gz可以看到源码的日期为25年7月30日，大小11M。
解压，展开后近40M:
bash
$ tar -zxf bash-5.3.tar.gz
$ ls
bash-5.3 bash-5.3.tar.gz
$ du -sh bash-5.3
39M bash-5.3然后进入标准的安装过程，中间的大量输出省略：
bash
$ cd bash-5.3/
# configure 耗时 38秒
$ ./coechnfigure
# make 耗时1分12秒
$ make
# tests耗时2分10秒，报了很多警告，但$?仍是0
$ make tests
# install 耗时12秒
$ make install整个过程不到5分钟，还是挺快的。没想到最慢的是下载源码。
💡 默认安装目录为 /usr/local/lib/bash，不会覆盖系统的 /bin/bash。
查看安装的版本：
bash
$ /usr/local/bin/bash --version
GNU bash, version 5.3.0(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
Copyright (C) 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software; you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.重新登录终端，发现默认的路径已经指向新版本bash：
bash
$ which bash
/usr/local/bin/bash
$ bash --version
GNU bash, version 5.3.0(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
...其实是因为PATH中，/usr/local/bin在/usr/bin之前（如果不是，就自己改一下）：
bash
$ echo $PATH
/home/vagrant/.local/bin:/home/vagrant/bin:/usr/share/Modules/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin
$ ls -lh --time-style=long-iso /usr/bin/bash
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1.4M 2024-05-01 05:59 /usr/bin/bash
$ ls -lh --time-style=long-iso /usr/local/bin/bash
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4.4M 2026-01-16 07:26 /usr/local/bin/bash但是man page还是老版本的：
bash
$ man -P cat bash | tail -1
GNU Bash 5.1 2020 October 29 BASH(1)
$ find / -name bash.1.gz
/usr/share/man/man1/bash.1.gz就下来就有两种方式供选择，一个是新老Bash共存，一个是只想用新版本。
稳妥起见，建议新老版本共存。此时可以用符号链接和别名方式。
例如：
bash
# cd /usr/bin
# ls -l bash*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1389064 May 1 2024 bash
# ln -s /usr/local/bin/bash bash52
# ls -l bash*
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 1389064 May 1 2024 bash
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 19 Jan 16 08:25 bash52 -> /usr/local/bin/bash
# bash52
# echo $BASH_VERSION
5.3.0(1)-release
# echo $MANPATH
/usr/share/man:
# alias man52="MANPATH=/usr/local/share/man man"
# man52 -P cat bash| tail -1
GNU Bash 5.3 2025 April 7 BASH(1)如果想用新版本彻底替代老版本，以下是一些标准的方法：
bash
sudo bash -c 'echo /usr/local/bin/bash >> /etc/shells'
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash我并没有执行，因为chsh还未安装。
不过以下给出了一种方式，例如只让某个用户（例如vagrant）使用最新的Bash：
bash
# usermod -s /usr/local/bin/bash vagrant
# grep vagrant /etc/passwd
vagrant:x:1000:1000::/home/vagrant:/usr/local/bin/bash其实就是把用户的login shell改了。用putty试了一下，可以的：
bash
Using username "vagrant".
Authenticating with public key "vagrant"
Welcome to Oracle Linux Server release 9.5 (GNU/Linux 5.15.0-206.153.7.el8uek.x86_64)
The Oracle Linux End-User License Agreement can be viewed here:
* /usr/share/eula/eula.en_US
For additional packages, updates, documentation and community help, see:
* https://yum.oracle.com/
Last login: Fri Jan 16 07:57:30 2026 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@ol9-vagrant ~]$ echo $VERSION_INFO
[vagrant@ol9-vagrant ~]$ echo $BASH_VERSION
5.3.0(1)-release