Flutter 框架跨平台鸿蒙开发 - 书籍借阅管理器应用开发教程

猛扇赵四那边好嘴.2026-01-21 12:26

Flutter书籍借阅管理器应用开发教程

项目简介

书籍借阅管理器是一款专为图书馆、学校或个人图书管理设计的移动应用。应用采用Flutter框架开发，提供完整的图书借阅管理功能，包括书籍管理、借阅者管理、借阅记录跟踪和统计分析等核心功能。
运行效果图



核心功能

  • 书籍管理：添加、查看、编辑书籍信息，支持分类管理
  • 借阅者管理：注册和管理借阅者信息，设置借阅限额
  • 借阅流程：完整的借阅和归还流程，自动记录借阅历史
  • 逾期管理：自动识别逾期书籍，提供逾期提醒
  • 统计分析：提供书籍状态、借阅情况、分类分布等统计
  • 搜索功能：支持按标题、作者、ISBN搜索书籍

技术特点

  • 单文件架构，代码结构清晰易懂
  • Material Design 3设计风格
  • 完整的数据模型和业务逻辑
  • 丰富的交互功能和用户体验
  • 响应式布局，适配不同屏幕尺寸

项目架构设计

整体架构

BookLendingApp
BookLendingHomePage
书籍管理页面
借阅者管理页面
借阅记录页面
统计分析页面
数据模型
Book
Borrower
BorrowRecord
对话框组件
AddBookDialog
AddBorrowerDialog
BookDetailsDialog
BorrowerDetailsDialog
RecordDetailsDialog

页面结构

应用采用底部导航栏设计，包含四个主要页面：

  1. 书籍页面：展示所有书籍，支持搜索和分类筛选
  2. 借阅者页面：管理所有注册的借阅者信息
  3. 记录页面：显示借阅记录，按状态分类展示
  4. 统计页面：提供各种统计分析图表

数据模型设计

Book 书籍模型

dart 复制代码 
class Book {
  final String id;              // 唯一标识
  final String title;           // 书籍标题
  final String author;          // 作者
  final String isbn;            // ISBN编号
  final String category;        // 分类
  final String publisher;       // 出版社
  final DateTime publishDate;   // 出版日期
  final String description;     // 描述
  final String coverUrl;        // 封面图片URL
  final BookStatus status;      // 书籍状态
  final String? borrowerId;     // 借阅者ID
  final String? borrowerName;   // 借阅者姓名
  final DateTime? borrowDate;   // 借阅日期
  final DateTime? dueDate;      // 应还日期
  final int totalCopies;        // 总册数
  final int availableCopies;    // 可借册数
}

Borrower 借阅者模型

dart 复制代码 
class Borrower {
  final String id;                    // 唯一标识
  final String name;                  // 姓名
  final String email;                 // 邮箱
  final String phone;                 // 电话
  final String address;               // 地址
  final DateTime registrationDate;    // 注册日期
  final List<String> borrowedBookIds; // 已借书籍ID列表
  final int maxBorrowLimit;           // 最大借阅限额
}

BorrowRecord 借阅记录模型

dart 复制代码 
class BorrowRecord {
  final String id;              // 唯一标识
  final String bookId;          // 书籍ID
  final String borrowerId;      // 借阅者ID
  final DateTime borrowDate;    // 借阅日期
  final DateTime dueDate;       // 应还日期
  final DateTime? returnDate;   // 实际归还日期
  final BorrowStatus status;    // 借阅状态
  final String notes;           // 备注
}

枚举定义

dart 复制代码 
// 书籍状态
enum BookStatus {
  available,    // 可借阅
  borrowed,     // 已借出
  reserved,     // 已预约
  maintenance,  // 维护中
}

// 借阅状态
enum BorrowStatus {
  active,       // 借阅中
  returned,     // 已归还
  overdue,      // 逾期
}

// 书籍分类
enum BookCategory {
  fiction,      // 小说
  nonFiction,   // 非小说
  science,      // 科学
  technology,   // 技术
  history,      // 历史
  biography,    // 传记
  children,     // 儿童读物
  education,    // 教育
}

核心功能实现

1. 主页面结构

主页面使用StatefulWidget实现，包含底部导航栏和对应的页面内容：

dart 复制代码 
class _BookLendingHomePageState extends State<BookLendingHomePage>
    with TickerProviderStateMixin {
  int _selectedIndex = 0;
  late TabController _booksTabController;
  late TabController _recordsTabController;
  
  // 数据列表
  final List<Book> _books = [];
  final List<Borrower> _borrowers = [];
  final List<BorrowRecord> _borrowRecords = [];
  
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: [
        _buildBooksPage(),      // 书籍页面
        _buildBorrowersPage(),  // 借阅者页面
        _buildRecordsPage(),    // 记录页面
        _buildStatsPage(),      // 统计页面
      ][_selectedIndex],
      bottomNavigationBar: NavigationBar(
        selectedIndex: _selectedIndex,
        onDestinationSelected: (index) {
          setState(() {
            _selectedIndex = index;
          });
        },
        destinations: const [
          NavigationDestination(icon: Icon(Icons.library_books_outlined), label: '书籍'),
          NavigationDestination(icon: Icon(Icons.people_outlined), label: '借阅者'),
          NavigationDestination(icon: Icon(Icons.history_outlined), label: '记录'),
          NavigationDestination(icon: Icon(Icons.analytics_outlined), label: '统计'),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }
}

2. 书籍管理功能

书籍列表展示
dart 复制代码 
Widget _buildBooksList(bool onlyAvailable) {
  var filteredBooks = _books.where((book) {
    // 搜索过滤
    if (_searchQuery.isNotEmpty) {
      final query = _searchQuery.toLowerCase();
      if (!book.title.toLowerCase().contains(query) &&
          !book.author.toLowerCase().contains(query) &&
          !book.isbn.toLowerCase().contains(query)) {
        return false;
      }
    }
    
    // 状态过滤
    if (onlyAvailable && book.status != BookStatus.available) {
      return false;
    }
    
    return true;
  }).toList();

  return ListView.builder(
    padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
    itemCount: filteredBooks.length,
    itemBuilder: (context, index) {
      final book = filteredBooks[index];
      return _buildBookCard(book);
    },
  );
}
书籍卡片设计
dart 复制代码 
Widget _buildBookCard(Book book) {
  final statusConfig = _statusConfigs[book.status]!;
  final categoryConfig = _categoryConfigs[book.category];

  return Card(
    child: InkWell(
      onTap: () => _showBookDetails(book),
      child: Padding(
        padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
        child: Column(
          crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
          children: [
            Row(
              children: [
                // 书籍封面占位符
                Container(
                  width: 60, height: 80,
                  decoration: BoxDecoration(
                    color: categoryConfig?.color.withValues(alpha: 0.2),
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
                  ),
                  child: Icon(categoryConfig?.icon ?? Icons.book),
                ),
                // 书籍信息
                Expanded(
                  child: Column(
                    crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
                    children: [
                      Text(book.title, style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 18, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold)),
                      Text('作者：${book.author}'),
                      if (book.publisher.isNotEmpty) Text('出版社：${book.publisher}'),
                    ],
                  ),
                ),
                // 状态标签
                Container(
                  padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8, vertical: 4),
                  decoration: BoxDecoration(
                    color: statusConfig.color.withValues(alpha: 0.2),
                    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
                  ),
                  child: Row(
                    mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
                    children: [
                      Icon(statusConfig.icon, size: 16, color: statusConfig.color),
                      Text(statusConfig.name),
                    ],
                  ),
                ),
              ],
            ),
            // 其他信息和逾期提醒
          ],
        ),
      ),
    ),
  );
}

3. 借阅流程实现

借阅功能
dart 复制代码 
void _borrowBook(String bookId, String borrowerId, String borrowerName) {
  final bookIndex = _books.indexWhere((book) => book.id == bookId);
  final borrowerIndex = _borrowers.indexWhere((borrower) => borrower.id == borrowerId);
  
  if (bookIndex != -1 && borrowerIndex != -1) {
    final book = _books[bookIndex];
    final borrower = _borrowers[borrowerIndex];
    
    if (book.availableCopies > 0 && borrower.canBorrowMore) {
      final borrowDate = DateTime.now();
      final dueDate = borrowDate.add(const Duration(days: 30)); // 30天借阅期
      
      // 创建借阅记录
      final record = BorrowRecord(
        id: DateTime.now().millisecondsSinceEpoch.toString(),
        bookId: bookId,
        borrowerId: borrowerId,
        borrowDate: borrowDate,
        dueDate: dueDate,
        status: BorrowStatus.active,
      );
      
      setState(() {
        // 更新书籍状态
        _books[bookIndex] = book.copyWith(
          status: book.availableCopies == 1 ? BookStatus.borrowed : book.status,
          availableCopies: book.availableCopies - 1,
          borrowerId: borrowerId,
          borrowerName: borrowerName,
          borrowDate: borrowDate,
          dueDate: dueDate,
        );
        
        // 更新借阅者信息
        _borrowers[borrowerIndex] = borrower.copyWith(
          borrowedBookIds: [...borrower.borrowedBookIds, bookId],
        );
        
        // 添加借阅记录
        _borrowRecords.add(record);
      });
    }
  }
}
归还功能
dart 复制代码 
void _returnBook(String bookId) {
  final bookIndex = _books.indexWhere((book) => book.id == bookId);
  
  if (bookIndex != -1) {
    final book = _books[bookIndex];
    final borrowerIndex = _borrowers.indexWhere((b) => b.id == book.borrowerId);
    final recordIndex = _borrowRecords.indexWhere((r) => 
        r.bookId == bookId && r.status == BorrowStatus.active);
    
    if (borrowerIndex != -1 && recordIndex != -1) {
      final borrower = _borrowers[borrowerIndex];
      final record = _borrowRecords[recordIndex];
      
      setState(() {
        // 更新书籍状态
        _books[bookIndex] = book.copyWith(
          status: BookStatus.available,
          availableCopies: book.availableCopies + 1,
          borrowerId: null,
          borrowerName: null,
          borrowDate: null,
          dueDate: null,
        );
        
        // 更新借阅者信息
        final updatedBorrowedBooks = borrower.borrowedBookIds.where((id) => id != bookId).toList();
        _borrowers[borrowerIndex] = borrower.copyWith(
          borrowedBookIds: updatedBorrowedBooks,
        );
        
        // 更新借阅记录
        _borrowRecords[recordIndex] = record.copyWith(
          returnDate: DateTime.now(),
          status: BorrowStatus.returned,
        );
      });
    }
  }
}

4. 逾期管理

逾期检测
dart 复制代码 
// 在Book模型中
bool get isOverdue {
  if (dueDate == null || status != BookStatus.borrowed) return false;
  return DateTime.now().isAfter(dueDate!);
}

int get daysUntilDue {
  if (dueDate == null) return 0;
  return dueDate!.difference(DateTime.now()).inDays;
}

// 在BorrowRecord模型中
bool get isOverdue {
  if (status != BorrowStatus.active) return false;
  return DateTime.now().isAfter(dueDate);
}

int get daysOverdue {
  if (!isOverdue) return 0;
  return DateTime.now().difference(dueDate).inDays;
}
逾期显示
dart 复制代码 
if (book.status == BookStatus.borrowed) ...[
  const SizedBox(height: 8),
  Container(
    padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8),
    decoration: BoxDecoration(
      color: book.isOverdue ? Colors.red.shade50 : Colors.orange.shade50,
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
    ),
    child: Row(
      children: [
        Icon(
          book.isOverdue ? Icons.warning : Icons.person,
          size: 16,
          color: book.isOverdue ? Colors.red : Colors.orange,
        ),
        const SizedBox(width: 8),
        Expanded(
          child: Text(
            book.isOverdue
                ? '逾期 ${-book.daysUntilDue} 天 - 借阅者：${book.borrowerName}'
                : '借阅者：${book.borrowerName} - 还有 ${book.daysUntilDue} 天到期',
            style: TextStyle(
              fontSize: 12,
              color: book.isOverdue ? Colors.red : Colors.orange.shade700,
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ],
    ),
  ),
],

5. 搜索功能实现

dart 复制代码 
// 搜索控制器
final TextEditingController _searchController = TextEditingController();
String _searchQuery = '';

// 搜索框UI
TextField(
  controller: _searchController,
  decoration: InputDecoration(
    hintText: '搜索书籍标题、作者或ISBN...',
    prefixIcon: const Icon(Icons.search),
    suffixIcon: _searchQuery.isNotEmpty
        ? IconButton(
            icon: const Icon(Icons.clear),
            onPressed: () {
              _searchController.clear();
              setState(() {
                _searchQuery = '';
              });
            },
          )
        : null,
    filled: true,
    fillColor: Colors.white,
    border: OutlineInputBorder(
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
      borderSide: BorderSide.none,
    ),
  ),
  onChanged: (value) {
    setState(() {
      _searchQuery = value;
    });
  },
),

// 搜索过滤逻辑
var filteredBooks = _books.where((book) {
  if (_searchQuery.isNotEmpty) {
    final query = _searchQuery.toLowerCase();
    if (!book.title.toLowerCase().contains(query) &&
        !book.author.toLowerCase().contains(query) &&
        !book.isbn.toLowerCase().contains(query)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}).toList();

UI组件设计

1. 渐变头部设计

每个页面都使用渐变色头部提升视觉效果：

dart 复制代码 
Container(
  padding: const EdgeInsets.fromLTRB(16, 48, 16, 16),
  decoration: BoxDecoration(
    gradient: LinearGradient(
      colors: [Colors.indigo.shade600, Colors.indigo.shade400],
      begin: Alignment.topLeft,
      end: Alignment.bottomRight,
    ),
  ),
  child: Column(
    children: [
      // 标题行
      Row(
        children: [
          const Icon(Icons.library_books, color: Colors.white, size: 32),
          const SizedBox(width: 12),
          const Text('书籍借阅管理器', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 24, color: Colors.white)),
        ],
      ),
      // 搜索框和统计卡片
      // ...
    ],
  ),
)

2. 统计卡片组件

dart 复制代码 
Widget _buildSummaryCard(String title, String value, String unit, IconData icon) {
  return Container(
    padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),
    decoration: BoxDecoration(
      color: Colors.white.withValues(alpha: 0.2),
      borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
    ),
    child: Column(
      children: [
        Icon(icon, color: Colors.white, size: 20),
        const SizedBox(height: 4),
        Text(value, style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 16, fontWeight: FontWeight.bold, color: Colors.white)),
        Text(unit, style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 10, color: Colors.white70)),
        Text(title, style: const TextStyle(fontSize: 12, color: Colors.white70)),
      ],
    ),
  );
}

3. 状态标签组件

dart 复制代码 
Container(
  padding: const EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 8, vertical: 4),
  decoration: BoxDecoration(
    color: statusConfig.color.withValues(alpha: 0.2),
    borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
  ),
  child: Row(
    mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
    children: [
      Icon(statusConfig.icon, size: 16, color: statusConfig.color),
      const SizedBox(width: 4),
      Text(
        statusConfig.name,
        style: TextStyle(
          fontSize: 12,
          fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
          color: statusConfig.color,
        ),
      ),
    ],
  ),
)

4. 借阅者头像组件

dart 复制代码 
CircleAvatar(
  radius: 24,
  backgroundColor: Colors.indigo.shade100,
  child: Text(
    borrower.name.isNotEmpty ? borrower.name[0] : '?',
    style: TextStyle(
      fontSize: 20,
      fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
      color: Colors.indigo.shade700,
    ),
  ),
)

对话框组件实现

1. 添加书籍对话框

dart 复制代码 
class _AddBookDialog extends StatefulWidget {
  final List<String> categories;
  final Function(Book) onSave;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AlertDialog(
      title: const Text('添加书籍'),
      content: SizedBox(
        width: 400, height: 500,
        child: Form(
          key: _formKey,
          child: SingleChildScrollView(
            child: Column(
              children: [
                // 标题输入框
                TextFormField(
                  controller: _titleController,
                  decoration: const InputDecoration(
                    labelText: '书籍标题 *',
                    prefixIcon: Icon(Icons.title),
                  ),
                  validator: (value) => value?.trim().isEmpty == true ? '请输入书籍标题' : null,
                ),
                // 作者输入框
                TextFormField(
                  controller: _authorController,
                  decoration: const InputDecoration(
                    labelText: '作者 *',
                    prefixIcon: Icon(Icons.person),
                  ),
                  validator: (value) => value?.trim().isEmpty == true ? '请输入作者' : null,
                ),
                // 其他表单字段...
              ],
            ),
          ),
        ),
      ),
      actions: [
        TextButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context), child: const Text('取消')),
        ElevatedButton(onPressed: _saveBook, child: const Text('保存')),
      ],
    );
  }
}

2. 书籍详情对话框

dart 复制代码 
class _BookDetailsDialog extends StatelessWidget {
  final Book book;
  final List<Borrower> borrowers;
  final Function(String, String) onBorrow;
  final VoidCallback onReturn;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AlertDialog(
      title: Text(book.title),
      content: SizedBox(
        width: 400, height: 500,
        child: SingleChildScrollView(
          child: Column(
            crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
            children: [
              _buildDetailRow('作者', book.author),
              _buildDetailRow('ISBN', book.isbn),
              _buildDetailRow('分类', book.category),
              _buildDetailRow('状态', _getStatusText(book.status)),
              _buildDetailRow('库存', '${book.availableCopies}/${book.totalCopies}'),
              // 借阅信息（如果已借出）
              if (book.status == BookStatus.borrowed) ...[
                _buildDetailRow('借阅者', book.borrowerName ?? ''),
                _buildDetailRow('借阅日期', book.borrowDate != null ? _formatDate(book.borrowDate!) : ''),
                _buildDetailRow('应还日期', book.dueDate != null ? _formatDate(book.dueDate!) : ''),
              ],
            ],
          ),
        ),
      ),
      actions: [
        // 借阅/归还按钮
        if (book.status == BookStatus.available && book.availableCopies > 0)
          ElevatedButton(onPressed: () => _showBorrowDialog(context), child: const Text('借阅')),
        if (book.status == BookStatus.borrowed)
          ElevatedButton(onPressed: () { Navigator.pop(context); onReturn(); }, child: const Text('归还')),
        TextButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context), child: const Text('关闭')),
      ],
    );
  }
}

统计分析功能

1. 书籍统计

dart 复制代码 
Widget _buildBookStats() {
  final totalBooks = _books.length;
  final availableBooks = _books.where((book) => book.status == BookStatus.available).length;
  final borrowedBooks = _books.where((book) => book.status == BookStatus.borrowed).length;
  final overdueBooks = _books.where((book) => book.isOverdue).length;

  return Card(
    child: Padding(
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
      child: Column(
        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
        children: [
          const Text('书籍统计', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 18, fontWeight: FontWeight.w600)),
          const SizedBox(height: 16),
          Row(
            children: [
              Expanded(child: _buildStatItem('总书籍', totalBooks, Colors.blue)),
              Expanded(child: _buildStatItem('可借阅', availableBooks, Colors.green)),
              Expanded(child: _buildStatItem('已借出', borrowedBooks, Colors.orange)),
              Expanded(child: _buildStatItem('逾期', overdueBooks, Colors.red)),
            ],
          ),
        ],
      ),
    ),
  );
}

2. 分类统计

dart 复制代码 
Widget _buildCategoryStats() {
  final categoryStats = <String, int>{};
  for (final book in _books) {
    if (book.category.isNotEmpty) {
      categoryStats[book.category] = (categoryStats[book.category] ?? 0) + 1;
    }
  }

  return Card(
    child: Column(
      children: categoryStats.entries.map((entry) {
        final config = _categoryConfigs[entry.key];
        final percentage = _books.isNotEmpty ? (entry.value / _books.length) * 100 : 0.0;

        return Row(
          children: [
            Icon(config?.icon ?? Icons.book, color: config?.color ?? Colors.grey),
            Expanded(
              child: Column(
                children: [
                  Row(
                    mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
                    children: [
                      Text(entry.key),
                      Text('${entry.value}本 (${percentage.toStringAsFixed(1)}%)'),
                    ],
                  ),
                  LinearProgressIndicator(
                    value: percentage / 100,
                    valueColor: AlwaysStoppedAnimation<Color>(config?.color ?? Colors.grey),
                  ),
                ],
              ),
            ),
          ],
        );
      }).toList(),
    ),
  );
}

状态管理

1. 本地状态管理

应用使用setState进行简单的本地状态管理：

dart 复制代码 
class _BookLendingHomePageState extends State<BookLendingHomePage> {
  // 数据列表
  final List<Book> _books = [];
  final List<Borrower> _borrowers = [];
  final List<BorrowRecord> _borrowRecords = [];
  
  // 添加书籍
  void _addBook(Book book) {
    setState(() {
      _books.add(book);
    });
  }
  
  // 删除书籍
  void _deleteBook(String bookId) {
    setState(() {
      _books.removeWhere((book) => book.id == bookId);
    });
  }
  
  // 更新书籍
  void _updateBook(Book updatedBook) {
    setState(() {
      final index = _books.indexWhere((b) => b.id == updatedBook.id);
      if (index != -1) {
        _books[index] = updatedBook;
      }
    });
  }
}

2. 数据持久化扩展

虽然当前版本使用内存存储，但可以轻松扩展为持久化存储：

dart 复制代码 
// 保存数据到本地存储
Future<void> _saveData() async {
  final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  
  // 保存书籍数据
  final booksJson = _books.map((book) => book.toJson()).toList();
  await prefs.setString('books', jsonEncode(booksJson));
  
  // 保存借阅者数据
  final borrowersJson = _borrowers.map((borrower) => borrower.toJson()).toList();
  await prefs.setString('borrowers', jsonEncode(borrowersJson));
  
  // 保存借阅记录
  final recordsJson = _borrowRecords.map((record) => record.toJson()).toList();
  await prefs.setString('borrow_records', jsonEncode(recordsJson));
}

// 从本地存储加载数据
Future<void> _loadData() async {
  final prefs = await SharedPreferences.getInstance();
  
  // 加载书籍数据
  final booksString = prefs.getString('books');
  if (booksString != null) {
    final booksList = jsonDecode(booksString) as List;
    _books.addAll(booksList.map((json) => Book.fromJson(json)));
  }
  
  // 加载借阅者数据
  final borrowersString = prefs.getString('borrowers');
  if (borrowersString != null) {
    final borrowersList = jsonDecode(borrowersString) as List;
    _borrowers.addAll(borrowersList.map((json) => Borrower.fromJson(json)));
  }
  
  // 加载借阅记录
  final recordsString = prefs.getString('borrow_records');
  if (recordsString != null) {
    final recordsList = jsonDecode(recordsString) as List;
    _borrowRecords.addAll(recordsList.map((json) => BorrowRecord.fromJson(json)));
  }
}

工具方法实现

1. 日期格式化

dart 复制代码 
String _formatDate(DateTime date) {
  return '${date.year}年${date.month}月${date.day}日';
}

String _formatDateTime(DateTime dateTime) {
  return '${dateTime.year}年${dateTime.month}月${dateTime.day}日 ${dateTime.hour}:${dateTime.minute.toString().padLeft(2, '0')}';
}

2. 状态文本转换

dart 复制代码 
String _getStatusText(BookStatus status) {
  switch (status) {
    case BookStatus.available:
      return '可借阅';
    case BookStatus.borrowed:
      return '已借出';
    case BookStatus.reserved:
      return '已预约';
    case BookStatus.maintenance:
      return '维护中';
  }
}

String _getBorrowStatusText(BorrowRecord record) {
  if (record.isOverdue) return '逾期';
  switch (record.status) {
    case BorrowStatus.active:
      return '借阅中';
    case BorrowStatus.returned:
      return '已归还';
    case BorrowStatus.overdue:
      return '逾期';
  }
}

3. 数据验证方法

dart 复制代码 
// 验证ISBN格式
bool _isValidISBN(String isbn) {
  final cleanISBN = isbn.replaceAll(RegExp(r'[^0-9X]'), '');
  return cleanISBN.length == 10 || cleanISBN.length == 13;
}

// 验证邮箱格式
bool _isValidEmail(String email) {
  return RegExp(r'^[\w-\.]+@([\w-]+\.)+[\w-]{2,4}$').hasMatch(email);
}

// 验证手机号格式
bool _isValidPhone(String phone) {
  return RegExp(r'^1[3-9]\d{9}$').hasMatch(phone);
}

4. 搜索和筛选方法

dart 复制代码 
// 搜索书籍
List<Book> _searchBooks(String query) {
  if (query.isEmpty) return _books;
  
  final lowerQuery = query.toLowerCase();
  return _books.where((book) {
    return book.title.toLowerCase().contains(lowerQuery) ||
           book.author.toLowerCase().contains(lowerQuery) ||
           book.isbn.toLowerCase().contains(lowerQuery) ||
           book.publisher.toLowerCase().contains(lowerQuery);
  }).toList();
}

// 按分类筛选书籍
List<Book> _filterBooksByCategory(String category) {
  if (category.isEmpty) return _books;
  return _books.where((book) => book.category == category).toList();
}

// 按状态筛选书籍
List<Book> _filterBooksByStatus(BookStatus status) {
  return _books.where((book) => book.status == status).toList();
}

// 获取逾期书籍
List<Book> _getOverdueBooks() {
  return _books.where((book) => book.isOverdue).toList();
}

功能扩展建议

1. 条码扫描功能

dart 复制代码 
// 添加条码扫描依赖
dependencies:
  barcode_scan2: ^4.2.4

// 实现扫描功能
Future<void> _scanBarcode() async {
  try {
    final result = await BarcodeScanner.scan();
    if (result.rawContent.isNotEmpty) {
      setState(() {
        _isbnController.text = result.rawContent;
      });
    }
  } catch (e) {
    ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
      SnackBar(content: Text('扫描失败：$e')),
    );
  }
}

// 在ISBN输入框添加扫描按钮
TextFormField(
  controller: _isbnController,
  decoration: InputDecoration(
    labelText: 'ISBN',
    suffixIcon: IconButton(
      icon: const Icon(Icons.qr_code_scanner),
      onPressed: _scanBarcode,
    ),
  ),
)

2. 通知提醒功能

dart 复制代码 
// 添加本地通知依赖
dependencies:
  flutter_local_notifications: ^17.2.2

// 设置到期提醒
Future<void> _scheduleReturnReminder(Book book) async {
  if (book.dueDate == null) return;
  
  final flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin = FlutterLocalNotificationsPlugin();
  
  // 提前3天提醒
  final reminderDate = book.dueDate!.subtract(const Duration(days: 3));
  
  await flutterLocalNotificationsPlugin.schedule(
    book.id.hashCode,
    '图书到期提醒',
    '《${book.title}》将在3天后到期，请及时归还',
    reminderDate,
    const NotificationDetails(
      android: AndroidNotificationDetails(
        'book_reminder',
        '图书提醒',
        channelDescription: '图书到期提醒',
        importance: Importance.high,
        priority: Priority.high,
      ),
    ),
  );
}

3. 数据导出功能

dart 复制代码 
// 添加CSV导出依赖
dependencies:
  csv: ^6.0.0
  path_provider: ^2.1.4

// 导出书籍数据为CSV
Future<void> _exportBooksToCSV() async {
  final List<List<dynamic>> rows = [
    ['标题', '作者', 'ISBN', '分类', '出版社', '状态', '总册数', '可借册数'],
    ..._books.map((book) => [
      book.title,
      book.author,
      book.isbn,
      book.category,
      book.publisher,
      _getStatusText(book.status),
      book.totalCopies,
      book.availableCopies,
    ]),
  ];
  
  final csvString = const ListToCsvConverter().convert(rows);
  
  final directory = await getApplicationDocumentsDirectory();
  final file = File('${directory.path}/books_export.csv');
  await file.writeAsString(csvString);
  
  ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
    SnackBar(content: Text('数据已导出到：${file.path}')),
  );
}

4. 高级搜索功能

dart 复制代码 
// 高级搜索对话框
class _AdvancedSearchDialog extends StatefulWidget {
  final Function(Map<String, dynamic>) onSearch;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return AlertDialog(
      title: const Text('高级搜索'),
      content: Column(
        mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
        children: [
          TextFormField(
            decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '标题'),
            onChanged: (value) => _searchCriteria['title'] = value,
          ),
          TextFormField(
            decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '作者'),
            onChanged: (value) => _searchCriteria['author'] = value,
          ),
          DropdownButtonFormField<String>(
            decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '分类'),
            items: _categories.map((category) => 
              DropdownMenuItem(value: category, child: Text(category))).toList(),
            onChanged: (value) => _searchCriteria['category'] = value,
          ),
          DropdownButtonFormField<BookStatus>(
            decoration: const InputDecoration(labelText: '状态'),
            items: BookStatus.values.map((status) => 
              DropdownMenuItem(value: status, child: Text(_getStatusText(status)))).toList(),
            onChanged: (value) => _searchCriteria['status'] = value,
          ),
        ],
      ),
      actions: [
        TextButton(onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context), child: const Text('取消')),
        ElevatedButton(
          onPressed: () {
            widget.onSearch(_searchCriteria);
            Navigator.pop(context);
          },
          child: const Text('搜索'),
        ),
      ],
    );
  }
}

5. 用户权限管理

dart 复制代码 
// 用户角色枚举
enum UserRole {
  admin,      // 管理员
  librarian,  // 图书管理员
  reader,     // 读者
}

// 用户模型
class User {
  final String id;
  final String username;
  final String password;
  final UserRole role;
  final String name;
  final String email;
  
  const User({
    required this.id,
    required this.username,
    required this.password,
    required this.role,
    required this.name,
    required this.email,
  });
}

// 权限检查
class PermissionManager {
  static bool canAddBook(UserRole role) {
    return role == UserRole.admin || role == UserRole.librarian;
  }
  
  static bool canDeleteBook(UserRole role) {
    return role == UserRole.admin;
  }
  
  static bool canManageBorrowers(UserRole role) {
    return role == UserRole.admin || role == UserRole.librarian;
  }
  
  static bool canViewStats(UserRole role) {
    return role == UserRole.admin || role == UserRole.librarian;
  }
}

性能优化策略

1. 列表性能优化

dart 复制代码 
// 使用ListView.builder进行懒加载
ListView.builder(
  itemCount: filteredBooks.length,
  itemBuilder: (context, index) {
    final book = filteredBooks[index];
    return _buildBookCard(book);
  },
  // 添加缓存范围
  cacheExtent: 1000,
)

// 使用AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin保持页面状态
class _BooksPageState extends State<BooksPage> 
    with AutomaticKeepAliveClientMixin {
  @override
  bool get wantKeepAlive => true;
  
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    super.build(context); // 必须调用
    return /* 页面内容 */;
  }
}

2. 搜索性能优化

dart 复制代码 
// 使用防抖动搜索
Timer? _searchTimer;

void _onSearchChanged(String query) {
  _searchTimer?.cancel();
  _searchTimer = Timer(const Duration(milliseconds: 500), () {
    setState(() {
      _searchQuery = query;
    });
  });
}

// 建立搜索索引
class SearchIndex {
  final Map<String, List<Book>> _titleIndex = {};
  final Map<String, List<Book>> _authorIndex = {};
  
  void buildIndex(List<Book> books) {
    _titleIndex.clear();
    _authorIndex.clear();
    
    for (final book in books) {
      // 按标题建立索引
      final titleWords = book.title.toLowerCase().split(' ');
      for (final word in titleWords) {
        _titleIndex.putIfAbsent(word, () => []).add(book);
      }
      
      // 按作者建立索引
      final authorWords = book.author.toLowerCase().split(' ');
      for (final word in authorWords) {
        _authorIndex.putIfAbsent(word, () => []).add(book);
      }
    }
  }
  
  List<Book> search(String query) {
    final queryWords = query.toLowerCase().split(' ');
    final results = <Book>{};
    
    for (final word in queryWords) {
      results.addAll(_titleIndex[word] ?? []);
      results.addAll(_authorIndex[word] ?? []);
    }
    
    return results.toList();
  }
}

3. 内存管理

dart 复制代码 
// 及时释放资源
@override
void dispose() {
  _searchController.dispose();
  _booksTabController.dispose();
  _recordsTabController.dispose();
  _searchTimer?.cancel();
  super.dispose();
}

// 使用对象池管理大量对象
class BookCardPool {
  final Queue<Widget> _pool = Queue();
  
  Widget getCard(Book book) {
    if (_pool.isNotEmpty) {
      final card = _pool.removeFirst();
      // 更新卡片数据
      return card;
    }
    return _buildBookCard(book);
  }
  
  void returnCard(Widget card) {
    if (_pool.length < 50) { // 限制池大小
      _pool.add(card);
    }
  }
}

测试指南

1. 单元测试

dart 复制代码 
// test/models/book_test.dart
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
import 'package:book_lending/models/book.dart';

void main() {
  group('Book Tests', () {
    test('should calculate overdue correctly', () {
      final book = Book(
        id: '1',
        title: 'Test Book',
        author: 'Test Author',
        publishDate: DateTime.now(),
        status: BookStatus.borrowed,
        dueDate: DateTime.now().subtract(const Duration(days: 5)),
      );
      
      expect(book.isOverdue, isTrue);
      expect(book.daysUntilDue, equals(-5));
    });
    
    test('should create copy with updated values', () {
      final original = Book(
        id: '1',
        title: 'Original',
        author: 'Original Author',
        publishDate: DateTime.now(),
      );
      
      final updated = original.copyWith(title: 'Updated');
      
      expect(updated.title, equals('Updated'));
      expect(updated.author, equals('Original Author'));
    });
  });
}

2. Widget测试

dart 复制代码 
// test/widgets/book_card_test.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
import 'package:book_lending/main.dart';

void main() {
  testWidgets('BookCard displays correct information', (tester) async {
    final book = Book(
      id: '1',
      title: 'Test Book',
      author: 'Test Author',
      publishDate: DateTime.now(),
      status: BookStatus.available,
    );
    
    await tester.pumpWidget(
      MaterialApp(
        home: Scaffold(
          body: BookCard(book: book),
        ),
      ),
    );
    
    expect(find.text('Test Book'), findsOneWidget);
    expect(find.text('作者：Test Author'), findsOneWidget);
    expect(find.text('可借阅'), findsOneWidget);
  });
}

3. 集成测试

dart 复制代码 
// integration_test/app_test.dart
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter_test/flutter_test.dart';
import 'package:integration_test/integration_test.dart';
import 'package:book_lending/main.dart' as app;

void main() {
  IntegrationTestWidgetsFlutterBinding.ensureInitialized();
  
  group('Book Lending App Tests', () {
    testWidgets('should add new book', (tester) async {
      app.main();
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 点击添加按钮
      await tester.tap(find.byType(FloatingActionButton));
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 填写表单
      await tester.enterText(find.byKey(const Key('title_field')), 'Test Book');
      await tester.enterText(find.byKey(const Key('author_field')), 'Test Author');
      
      // 保存书籍
      await tester.tap(find.text('保存'));
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 验证书籍已添加
      expect(find.text('Test Book'), findsOneWidget);
    });
    
    testWidgets('should borrow and return book', (tester) async {
      app.main();
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 点击书籍卡片
      await tester.tap(find.text('Flutter实战'));
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 点击借阅按钮
      await tester.tap(find.text('借阅'));
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 选择借阅者
      await tester.tap(find.text('张三'));
      await tester.pumpAndSettle();
      
      // 验证借阅成功
      expect(find.text('借阅成功'), findsOneWidget);
    });
  });
}

部署指南

1. Android部署

bash 复制代码 
# 构建APK
flutter build apk --release

# 构建App Bundle（推荐用于Google Play）
flutter build appbundle --release

# 安装到设备
flutter install

2. iOS部署

bash 复制代码 
# 构建iOS应用
flutter build ios --release

# 使用Xcode打开项目进行签名和发布
open ios/Runner.xcworkspace

3. Web部署

bash 复制代码 
# 构建Web版本
flutter build web --release

# 部署到服务器
# 将build/web目录下的文件上传到Web服务器

4. 桌面应用部署

bash 复制代码 
# Windows
flutter build windows --release

# macOS
flutter build macos --release

# Linux
flutter build linux --release

项目总结

技术亮点

  1. 完整的业务逻辑：实现了图书管理的完整流程，包括借阅、归还、逾期管理
  2. 用户友好的界面：Material Design 3风格，直观的操作体验
  3. 强大的搜索功能：支持多字段搜索，实时过滤结果
  4. 丰富的统计分析：提供多维度的数据统计和可视化
  5. 扩展性强：模块化设计，易于添加新功能
  6. 性能优化：列表懒加载，搜索防抖动，内存管理

学习价值

  • Flutter进阶：复杂状态管理、自定义组件、对话框设计
  • 业务建模：完整的数据模型设计和业务逻辑实现
  • UI设计：现代化的界面设计和用户体验优化
  • 数据处理：搜索、筛选、统计等数据操作技巧
  • 项目架构：大型应用的代码组织和模块划分

这个书籍借阅管理器应用展示了Flutter在企业级应用开发中的强大能力，从数据建模到界面设计，从业务逻辑到性能优化，为学习Flutter开发提供了完整的实践案例。通过这个项目，开发者可以掌握构建复杂业务应用的核心技能。

欢迎加入开源鸿蒙跨平台社区：https://openharmonycrossplatform.csdn.net

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