debain系统更新软件源

国内用户在使用Debian系统时，使用官方的源进行更新的时候速度很慢，可通过更换国内镜像源（阿里云、清华大学、中科大），提升下载速度。

备份原始源文件

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cd /etc/apt
cp sources.list sources.list.bak

阿里云镜像源

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deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

清华大学镜像源

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deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

中科大镜像源

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deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

保存文件后，执行以下命令，更新软件包

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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

注意版本匹配的问题

将配置中的 bookworm 替换为实际Debian版本代号（如Debian 11为 bullseye），可通过以下命令查询

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lsb_release -a

使用sudo apt update命令，进行系统软件更新的时候，若是遇到更新失败的问题，可检查一下nameserver的配置项。

在linux系统中，nameserver 是一个配置项，用于指定DNS服务器的IP 地址。nameserver 行告诉系统应该使用哪些 DNS 服务器来解析域名。

编辑/etc/resolv.conf的文件，以本机的系统为例，内网的ip是192.168.0.102，resolv.conf的内容如下：

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nameserver 192.168.0.1