英语翻译
Section B What Is Computer Science
I. Introduction引言
Computer science is the study of the theory, experimentation, and engineering that form the basis for the design and use of computers---devices that automatically process information. Computer science traces its roots to work done by English mathematician Charles Babbage, who first proposed a programmable mechanical calculator in 1837. Until the advent of electronic digital computers in the 1940s, computer science was not generally distinguished as being separate from mathematics and engineering. Since then it has sprouted numerous branches of research that are unique to the discipline.
计算机科学是对理论、实验与工程技术这些构成计算机设计与使用基础的研究------计算机是自动处理信息的设备。计算机科学的根源可追溯到英国数学家Charles Babbage的工作，他于1837年首次提出了可编程机械计算器的概念。直到20世纪40年代电子数字计算机出现之前，计算机科学通常不被区分独立于数学和工程学的学科。此后，它已衍生出许多该学科独有的研究分支。
sprout /spraut/v. 发芽；长出
II. The Development of Computer Science计算机科学的发展
Early work in the field of computer science during the late 1940s and early 1950s focused on automating the process of making calculations for use in science and engineering. Scientists and engineers developed theoretical models of computation that enabled them to analyze how efficient different approaches were in performing various calculations. Computer science overlapped considerably during this time with the branch of mathematics known as numerical analysis, which examines the accuracy and precision of calculations.
20世纪40年代末至50年代初，计算机科学领域的早期工作主要集中在自动化科学和工程计算过程上。科学家和工程师开发了计算理论模型，使他们能够分析不同方法在执行各种计算时的效率。在这一时期的计算机科学与数学上一个被称为数值分析的分枝有大量交叉，而数值分析主要研究计算的准确性和精确性。e
overlap / ˌəuv ə'læp/v. 重叠，层叠
numerical analysis 数值分析
As the use of computers expanded between the 1950s and the 1970s, the focus of computer science broadened to include simplifying the use of computers through programming languages---artificial languages used to program computers, and operating systems---computer programs that provide a useful interface between a computer and a user. During this time, computer scientists were also experimenting with new applications and computer designs, creating the first computer networks, and exploring relationships between computation and thought.
随着20世纪50年代至70年代计算机使用的不断扩展，计算机科学的重点范围扩大了，包括通过编程语言来简化计算机的使用------即用于编写计算机程序的人工语言，以及操作系统------这些计算机程序为计算机与用户之间提供了有用的交互界面。在这一时期，计算机科学家还在试验新的应用和计算机设计，创建了最早的计算机网络，并探索计算与思维之间的关系。
interface /'int əfeis/n. 界面；接口
application / ˌæpli'kei ʃən/n. 应用程序，应用软件
单词打卡
