python-docx 报错 KeyError: "There is no item named 'NULL' in the archive"
python
import docx
doc = docx.Document('DE862197-1772524393022.docx')在使用 python-docx 解析 .docx 文件时遇到以下的报错：
shell
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:\project\python\p1\t1.py", line 3, in <module>
doc = docx.Document('DE862197-1772524393022.docx')
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\api.py", line 27, in Document
document_part = cast("DocumentPart", Package.open(docx).main_document_part)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\package.py", line 126, in open
pkg_reader = PackageReader.from_file(pkg_file)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\pkgreader.py", line 25, in from_file
sparts = PackageReader._load_serialized_parts(phys_reader, pkg_srels, content_types)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\pkgreader.py", line 51, in _load_serialized_parts
for partname, blob, reltype, srels in part_walker:
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\pkgreader.py", line 82, in _walk_phys_parts
for partname, blob, reltype, srels in next_walker:
^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\pkgreader.py", line 79, in _walk_phys_parts
blob = phys_reader.blob_for(partname)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\project\python\p1\.venv\Lib\site-packages\docx\opc\phys_pkg.py", line 83, in blob_for
return self._zipf.read(pack_uri.membername)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\software\uv\python\cpython-3.12.12-windows-x86_64-none\Lib\zipfile\__init__.py", line 1584, in read
with self.open(name, "r", pwd) as fp:
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\software\uv\python\cpython-3.12.12-windows-x86_64-none\Lib\zipfile\__init__.py", line 1621, in open
zinfo = self.getinfo(name)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "D:\software\uv\python\cpython-3.12.12-windows-x86_64-none\Lib\zipfile\__init__.py", line 1549, in getinfo
raise KeyError(
KeyError: "There is no item named 'NULL' in the archive"原因
将 docx 文件解压后，发现 DE862197-1772524393022.docx!\word\_rels\document.xml.rels 文件中的 Id="rId4" 的 Relationship 的 Target="../NULL" 。
解决办法
手动删除 docx 文件中的无效引用
-
打开文件 a.docx
-
ctrl + f打开左侧导航 -
点击搜索框右边的放大镜后，选择图形
-
使用红框右边的上下箭头逐个查看图片
-
删除或替换类似下图的图片
-
如下两个截图，有的图片很小，只显示一个红叉（下图 1），甚至有的图片就什么都不显示（下图 2），需要手动将图片尺寸放大后确认
-
必须使用"图形查找"逐个确认图片是否正常，否则会遗漏小图片或尺寸为 0 的图片
删除 Target="../NULL" 的 Relationship 并重新打包为 docx
The image part with relationship rID8 was not found in Microsoft Word 中描述了大概的操作，但我试过不太好使，以下是我的操作：
- 先将文件 a.docx 重命名为 a.zip
- 将 a.zip 解药到 a 文件夹
- 使用记事本打开
a/word/_rels/document.xml.rels，查找 "null"，并删除<Relationship Id="rId4" Type="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/image" Target="../NULL"/> - 重新将
a/文件夹下的所有文件压缩为 a-new.zip （不要包含 a 文件夹本身） - 将 a-new.zip 重命名为 a-new.docx
解析 docx 时忽略 Target="../NULL" 的 Relationship
此解决方案来自 Open Word docx file with "The image part with relationship rID8 was not found" error, it always fails · Issue #1105 · python-openxml/python-docx 的评论，替换 _SerializedRelationships.load_from_xml 方法的实现：
python
import docx
from docx.opc.pkgreader import _SerializedRelationships, _SerializedRelationship
from docx.opc.oxml import parse_xml
def load_from_xml_v2(baseURI, rels_item_xml):
"""
Return |_SerializedRelationships| instance loaded with the
relationships contained in *rels_item_xml*. Returns an empty
collection if *rels_item_xml* is |None|.
"""
srels = _SerializedRelationships()
if rels_item_xml is not None:
rels_elm = parse_xml(rels_item_xml)
for rel_elm in rels_elm.Relationship_lst:
if rel_elm.target_ref in ('../NULL', 'NULL'):
continue
srels._srels.append(_SerializedRelationship(baseURI, rel_elm))
return srels
_SerializedRelationships.load_from_xml = load_from_xml_v2
doc = docx.Document('a.docx')下图中左边是原实现，右侧是新的实现 v2，添加了一个判断跳过了 Target="../NULL" 或 Target="NULL" 的 Relationship：
参考
- KeyError: "There is no item named 'word/NULL' in the archive" · Issue #797 · python-openxml/python-docx
- fix: accommodate NULL relationship (by skipping) · Issue #678 · python-openxml/python-docx
- KeyError: "There is no item named 'word/NULL' in the archive" · Issue #797 · python-openxml/python-docx
- KeyError: "There is no item named 'word/NULL' in the archive" | YG 的零碎笔记
- The image part with relationship rID8 was not found in Microsoft Word - Microsoft 365 Apps | Microsoft Learn