Centos Linux 维护

一 摘要

本文主要介绍centos linux 基础维护

二 基础维护

2.1 挂载数据盘

2.1.1 环境信息

操作系统centos 7.9

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 129c3e9f6ff14774bee1238eda65cdd6
           Boot ID: b5b77a034d6c4c97af88cdb75bac054f
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.1.2 挂盘

2.1.2.1 先查看磁盘名称（关键）

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part 
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0 91.1G  0 lvm  /
  └─centos-swap 253:1    0  7.9G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
sdb               8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
sr0              11:0    1  4.4G  0 rom  /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.1.2.2 parted 分区（GPT 格式）

[root@localhost ~]# parted /dev/sdb 
GNU Parted 3.1
使用 /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mklabel gpt                                                      
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%                                           
(parted) print                                                            
Model: QEMU QEMU HARDDISK (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 215GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags: 

Number  Start   End    Size   File system  Name     标志
 1      1049kB  215GB  215GB               primary

(parted) quit                                                             
信息: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

[root@localhost ~]#  

parted /dev/sdb 进入parted

mklabel gpt 指定分区表为 GPT

mkpart primary 0% 100% 创建分区（使用 100% 磁盘空间）

print 查看分区是否成功

2.1.2.3 格式化分区（xfs）

分区后会生成 /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
Discarding blocks...Done.
meta-data=/dev/sdb1              isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=13107072 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=52428288, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=25599, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.1.2.4 创建挂载目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.1.2.5 设置开机自动挂载

[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak.$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
[root@localhost ~]# echo "UUID=$(blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdb1) /data xfs  defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab

2.1.2.6 验证及重启

[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
#无报错后，可重启
[root@localhost ~]# reboot

2.2 安装docker

2.2.1 环境信息

2.2.1.1 操作系统

[root@localhost ~]# uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Mon Oct 19 16:18:59 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl 
   Static hostname: localhost.localdomain
         Icon name: computer-vm
           Chassis: vm
        Machine ID: 129c3e9f6ff14774bee1238eda65cdd6
           Boot ID: 521420b8b19b406b80973cd45cdfffc8
    Virtualization: kvm
  Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
       CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
            Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64
      Architecture: x86-64
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.9.2009 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.2.2 安装docker

先卸载，然后配置yum，最后是安装

2.2.2.1 先卸载（若机器已有）

[root@localhost ~]# sudo yum remove -y docker \
> docker-client \
> docker-client-latest \
> docker-common \
> docker-latest \
> docker-latest-logrotate \
> docker-logrotate \
> docker-engine
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
参数 docker 没有匹配
参数 docker-client 没有匹配
参数 docker-client-latest 没有匹配
参数 docker-common 没有匹配
参数 docker-latest 没有匹配
参数 docker-latest-logrotate 没有匹配
参数 docker-logrotate 没有匹配
参数 docker-engine 没有匹配
不删除任何软件包
[root@localhost ~]# 

2.2.2.2 安装依赖并配置阿里云源

2.2.2.2.1 安装必要工具包

sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2

2.2.2.2.2 添加阿里云 Docker 源

sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

2.2.2.2.3 更新缓存

sudo yum makecache fast

2.2.2.2.3 安装docker-ce

2.2.2.3.1 查看可用版本

yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r

2.2.2.3.2 安装指定版本

sudo yum install -y docker-ce-26.1.4 docker-ce-cli-26.1.4 containerd.io

2.2.2.4 启动与验证

启动，设置开机启动，并查看

[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl start docker
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl enable docker
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl status docker
● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 一 2026-04-20 17:23:32 CST; 31s ago
     Docs: https://docs.docker.com